目录
- 路由系统
典型写法
默认转换器
路由本质
CBV
app.add_url_rule参数
正则 - 模板
- 请求响应
- session
5.路由系统
典型写法
@app.route('/detail/',methods=['GET'],endpoint='detail')
默认转换器
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
'default': UnicodeConverter,
'string': UnicodeConverter,
'any': AnyConverter,
'path': PathConverter,
'int': IntegerConverter,
'float': FloatConverter,
'uuid': UUIDConverter,
}
路由系统本质
"""
1. decorator = app.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='n1')
def route(self, rule, **options):
# app对象
# rule= /
# options = {methods=['GET','POST'],endpoint='n1'}
def decorator(f):
endpoint = options.pop('endpoint', None)
self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)
return f
return decorator
2. @decorator
decorator(index)
"""
#同理
def login():
return '登录'
app.add_url_rule('/login', 'n2', login, methods=['GET',"POST"])
#与django路由类似
#django与flask路由:flask路由基于装饰器,本质是基于:add_url_rule
#add_url_rule 源码中,endpoint如果为空,endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func),最终取view_func.__name__(函数名)
CBV(源码分析)
def auth(func):
def inner(*args, **kwargs):
print('before')
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
print('after')
return result
return inner
class IndexView(views.View):
methods = ['GET']
decorators = [auth, ]
def dispatch_request(self):
print('Index')
return 'Index!'
app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint
#或者,通常用此方式
class IndexView(views.MethodView):
methods = ['GET']
decorators = [auth, ]
def get(self):
return 'Index.GET'
def post(self):
return 'Index.POST'
app.add_url_rule('/index', view_func=IndexView.as_view(name='index')) # name=endpoint
app.add_url_rule参数
@app.route和app.add_url_rule参数:
rule, URL规则
view_func, 视图函数名称
defaults = None, 默认值, 当URL中无参数,函数需要参数时,使用defaults = {'k': 'v'}
为函数提供参数
endpoint = None, 名称,用于反向生成URL,即: url_for('名称')
methods = None, 允许的请求方式,如:["GET", "POST"]
#对URL最后的 / 符号是否严格要求
strict_slashes = None
'''
@app.route('/index', strict_slashes=False)
#访问http://www.xx.com/index/ 或http://www.xx.com/index均可
@app.route('/index', strict_slashes=True)
#仅访问http://www.xx.com/index
'''
#重定向到指定地址
redirect_to = None,
'''
@app.route('/index/', redirect_to='/home/')
'''
#子域名访问
subdomain = None,
'''
#C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
127.0.0.1 www.liuqingzheng.com
127.0.0.1 admin.liuqingzheng.com
127.0.0.1 buy.liuqingzheng.com
from flask import Flask, views, url_for
app = Flask(import_name=__name__)
app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'liuqingzheng.com:5000'
@app.route("/", subdomain="admin")
def static_index():
"""Flask supports static subdomains
This is available at static.your-domain.tld"""
return "static.your-domain.tld"
#可以传入任意的字符串,如传入的字符串为aa,显示为 aa.liuqingzheng.com
@app.route("/dynamic", subdomain="")
def username_index(username):
"""Dynamic subdomains are also supported
Try going to user1.your-domain.tld/dynamic"""
return username + ".your-domain.tld"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
访问:
http://www.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic
http://admin.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic
http://buy.liuqingzheng.com:5000/dynamic
'''
支持正则
#1 写类,继承BaseConverter
#2 注册:app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter
# 3 使用:@app.route('/index/') 正则表达式会当作第二个参数传递到类中
from flask import Flask, views, url_for
from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter
app = Flask(import_name=__name__)
class RegexConverter(BaseConverter):
"""
自定义URL匹配正则表达式
"""
def __init__(self, map, regex):
super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map)
self.regex = regex
def to_python(self, value):
"""
路由匹配时,匹配成功后传递给视图函数中参数的值
"""
return int(value)
def to_url(self, value):
"""
使用url_for反向生成URL时,传递的参数经过该方法处理,返回的值用于生成URL中的参数
"""
val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value)
return val
# 添加到flask中
app.url_map.converters['regex'] = RegexConverter
@app.route('/index/')
def index(nid):
print(url_for('index', nid='888'))
return 'Index'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
6.模版
比django中多可以加括号,执行函数,传参数
from flask import Flask,render_template,Markup,jsonify,make_response
app = Flask(__name__)
def func1(arg):
return Markup("" %(arg,))
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html',ff = func1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
index.html
Title
{{ff('六五')}}
{{ff('六五')|safe}}
注意:
1.Markup等价django的mark_safe ,
2.extends,include一模一样
7.请求响应
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from flask import render_template
from flask import redirect
from flask import make_response
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/login.html', methods=['GET', "POST"])
def login():
# 请求相关信息
# request.method
# request.args
# request.form
# request.values
# request.cookies
# request.headers
# request.path
# request.full_path
# request.script_root
# request.url
# request.base_url
# request.url_root
# request.host_url
# request.host
# request.files
# obj = request.files['the_file_name']
# obj.save('/var/www/uploads/' + secure_filename(f.filename))
# 响应相关信息
# return "字符串"
# return render_template('html模板路径',**{})
# return redirect('/index.html')
#return jsonify({'k1':'v1'})
# response = make_response(render_template('index.html'))
# response是flask.wrappers.Response类型
# response.delete_cookie('key')
# response.set_cookie('key', 'value')
# response.headers['X-Something'] = 'A value'
# return response
return "内容"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
8.session
除请求对象之外,还有一个 session 对象。它允许你在不同请求间存储特定用户的信息。它是在 Cookies 的基础上实现的,并且对 Cookies 进行密钥签名要使用会话,你需要设置一个密钥。 (app.session_interface对象)
设置:session['username'] = 'xxx'
删除:session.pop('username', None)