## Linux Centos 7下静默安装Oracle11gR2
记得设置编码格式
### 准备工作
> 在网上搜索的是Centos7
> 1. 确认主机名称一致
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/hosts
> 192.168.134.159 ora11g
> ~~~
>
> 2. 上传数据库安装的压缩文件
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# ll
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1239269270 Apr 25 20:41 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1111416131 Apr 25 20:40 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
> [root@ora11g ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
> # 解压完成出现database文件夹
> ~~~
>
> 3. 验证所需要的RPM包是否齐全
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh
> binutils-2.27-41.base.el7_7.3.x86_64
> compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64
> compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64
> gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64
> gcc-c++-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64
> glibc-2.17-292.el7.x86_64
> glibc-devel-2.17-292.el7.x86_64
> ksh-20120801-140.el7_7.x86_64
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# rpm -q libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
> libgcc-4.8.5-39.el7.i686
> libgcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64
> libstdc++-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64
> libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64
> libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
> libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686
> libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686
> libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
> make-3.82-24.el7.x86_64
> sysstat-10.1.5-18.el7_7.1.x86_64
> unixODBC-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64
> unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64
> ~~~
### 修改系统文件参数
> 1. 配置linux内核参数
>
> ~~~shell
> # 添加如下参数
> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
> kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
> kernel.shmall = 4294967296
> fs.file-max = 6815744
> kernel.shmmni = 4096
> kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
> net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
> net.core.rmem_default = 262144
> net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
> net.core.wmem_default = 262144
> net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
> fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
> ~~~
>
> 2. 配置资源使用情况
>
> ~~~shell
> # 添加如下参数
> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
> oracle soft nproc 2047
> oracle hard nproc 16384
> oracle soft nofile 1024
> oracle hard nofile 65536
> oracle hard stack 10240
> ~~~
>
> 3. 登录设置
>
> ~~~shell
> # 追加如下参数
> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
> session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
> session required pam_limits.so
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/profile
> if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
> if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
> ulimit -p 16384
> ulimit -n 65536
> else
> ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
> fi
> fi
> ~~~
>
> 4. 关闭selinux,确保SELINUX=disable
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
> # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
> # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
> # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
> # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
> # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
> SELINUX=disabled
> # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
> # targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
> # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
> # mls - Multi Level Security protection.
> SELINUXTYPE=targeted
> ~~~
### 创建用户,用户组和安装目录
> 1. 创建oinstall和dba组,oracle用户
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# groupadd oinstall
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# groupadd dba
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
>
> # 修改oracle用户密码
> [root@ora11g ~]# passwd oracle
> ~~~
>
> 2. 创建安装目录并修改所属用户和组
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
> ~~~
### 修改环境变量
> 1. 切换到oracle用户
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# su - oracle
> ~~~
>
> 2. 修改环境变量
>
> ~~~shell
> # 进入到根路径
> [oracle@ora11g root]$ cd
>
> # 修改环境变量
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ vim .bash_profile
> export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
> export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
> export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
> export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
> export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
>
> # 使环境变量生效
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ source .bash_profile
> ~~~
### 移动database文件夹(解压后的文件夹)
> 1. 切换回root用户
>
> ~~~shell
> # 切换成 root 用户,输入登录密码
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ su root
> Password:
> ~~~
>
> 2. 移动database文件文件夹
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# mv database/ /u01/
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall database/
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# cd /u01/
>
> [root@ora11g u01]# chmod -R 777 database/
> ~~~
### 静默安装oracle
> 1. 修改相应文件 db_install.rsp
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp
>
> oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #选择安装类型：1.只装数据库软件 2.安装数据库软件并建库 3.升级数据库
>
> ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora11g #指定操作系统主机名，通过hostname命令获得
>
> UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #指定oracle inventory目录的所有者，通常会是oinstall或者dba
>
> INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory #指定产品清单oracle inventory目录的路径
>
> SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW #指定数据库语言，可以选择多个，用逗号隔开
>
> ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 #设置ORALCE_HOME的路径
>
> ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle # 设置ORALCE_BASE的路径
>
> oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #选择Oracle安装数据库软件的版本
>
> oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
>
> oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba #指定拥有OSDBA、OSOPER权限的用户组，通常会是dba组
>
> oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
>
> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #选择数据库的用途，一般用途/事物处理，数据仓库
>
> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g #指定GlobalName
>
> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g #指定SID
>
> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 #选择字符集。不正确的字符集会给数据显示和存储带来麻烦无数。
> #通常中文选择的有ZHS16GBK简体中文库，根据公司规定自行选择
>
> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=123456 #设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码，其它数据库用户就不用单独设置了。
>
> DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true # False表示不需要设置安全更新，注意，在11.2的静默安装中疑似有一个BUG
> ~~~
>
> 2. 切换到 oracle 用户
>
> ~~~shell
> # 切换用户
> [root@ora11g u01]# su oracle
>
> # 进入database,执行runInstaller
> [oracle@ora11g database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp
> ~~~
>
> 3. 切换到root用户,使用tail -f查看实时日志
>
> 4. 等待出现提示
>
> ~~~shell
> 出现类似如下提示表示安装完成：
> #-------------------------------------------------------------------
> ...
> /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
> /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
> To execute the configuration scripts:
> 1. Open a terminal window
> 2. Log in as "root"
> 3. Run the scripts
> 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
>
> Successfully Setup Software.
> #-------------------------------------------------------------------
> ~~~
>
> 5. 打开新窗口,使用root用户执行以下命令
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
>
> [root@ora11g ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
> ~~~
### 静默安装监听
> ```shell
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /u01/database/response/netca.rsp
> ```
### 静默创建数据库
> 1. 编辑dbca.rsp
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# vim /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp
>
> #以下内容不要修改
> RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
>
> OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
>
> #以下内容必须设置
> GDBNAME = "ora11g"
>
> SID = "ora11g"
>
> TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
>
> #以下内容根据需要修改
> CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
> ~~~
>
> 2. 使用oracle用户执行建库命令
>
> ~~~shell
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp
>
>
> # 会出现将命令全部删除,变成什么都没有的黑窗口,直接输入配置的密码即可,这里是提示输入sys和system的密码
>
> # 这里我是配置的123456,输入两边即可
>
> # 出现如下提示:
> Copying database files
>
> ...
>
> 37% complete
>
> Creating and starting Oracle instance
>
> ...
>
> 62% complete
>
> Completing Database Creation
>
> ...
>
> 100% complete
>
> Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details.
> ~~~
### 静默安装完成
## 远程连接相关
### 关闭oracle
> 1. 切换到oracle用户
>
> ~~~shell
> [root@ora11g ~]# su oracle
>
> # 关闭监听
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ lsnrctl stop
> bash: lsnrctl: command not found
>
> # 如果找不到命令,就查看一下 .bash_profile 文件中是否是在 oracle 用户下进行添加的环境变量
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ vim .bash_profile
> export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
> export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
> export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
> export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
> export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
>
> # 使环境变量生效
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ source .bash_profile
>
> # 使用管理员身份连接数据库
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
>
> # 关闭实例
> SQL> shutdow immediate;
> ~~~
>
>
### 修改相关配置文件
> 1. 修改配置文件 tnsnames.ora
>
> ~~~shell
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
> [oracle@ora11g admin]$ ll
> total 16
> -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 539 Apr 26 11:13 listener.ora
> drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 64 Apr 26 09:24 samples
> -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 187 May 7 2007 shrept.lst
> -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 219 Apr 26 09:29 sqlnet.ora
> -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 326 Apr 26 10:15 tnsnames.ora
>
> # 修改配置文件
> [oracle@ora11g admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora
> ORA11G =
> (DESCRIPTION =
> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora11g)(PORT = 1521))
> (CONNECT_DATA =
> (SERVER = DEDICATED)
> (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
> )
> )
> ~~~
>
> 2. 修改监听文件 listener.ora
>
> ~~~shell
> # 修改配置文件
> [oracle@ora11g admin]$ vim listener.ora
>
> # 内容如下
> LISTENER =
> (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
> (DESCRIPTION =
> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora11g)(PORT = 1521))
> )
> )
>
> SID_LIST_LISTENER =
> (SID_LIST =
> (SID_DESC =
> (SID_NAME = ora11g)
> (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
> (GLOBAL_DBNAME= ora11g)
> )
> )
>
> ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
> ~~~
### 启动oracle
> 1. 启动
>
> ~~~shell
> # 使用管理员身份连接数据库
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
>
> # 开启实例
> SQL> startup;
>
> # 启动监听
> [oracle@ora11g ~]$ lsnrctl start
> ~~~