爬虫模拟登录

模拟登录心得：完全模拟浏览器的行为，得到链接，发送请求。

遇到的问题

1.get请求的链接可能与post请求的链接不一样

2.验证码问题，get请求得到一个cookie，拿到这个cookie获取验证码的时候带着这个cookie，post请求的时候也带着这个cookie，目的是达到验证码同步

3. header头信息不一样，get请求可以携带一个简单的header，post请求，使用抓包工具抓到header不要header中的cookie，使用get请求得到页面的cookie取请求。

4.登录成功后跳转到登录成功界面，通过抓包工具抓到post请求的中header中的Referer的链接，使用get请求这个链接

5.cookie，get请求得到的cookie和post请求得到的cookie进行合并，完全模拟抓包工具得到的cookie，向合并的cookie中添加抓到cookie中缺少的信息。

6.通过F12调试工具分析验证码，得到正确的验证码地址。

7.遇见过301错误，出现的原因是http和https的原因，403是可能是因为user-agent不对，重新设置一个user-agent。

代码如下所示：

import requests
from lxml import etree
from Mydb import Mydb
import time,json
from urllib.parse import urljoin
import ssl
'''
乐助贷自动记账
url_1: 登陆的链接
url_2: 登陆成功后的链接
登陆原理：第一次登陆请求得到cookie，带着cookie访问页面抓住数据
'''

def Xiaowei(url,url_1,url_2):
    headers = {
        "Host": "www.lezhudai.com",
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36",
        "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
        "Referer": "https://www.lezhudai.com/platform/",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
    }
    header = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36",
    }
    ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
    # 获取登陆页面
    first_request = requests.get(url, headers=header)
    cookies = dict(first_request.cookies.items())
    print(cookies)
    captcha_url = 'https://www.lezhudai.com/?action=platform_service.get_captcha&t=0.014255888397257221'
    second_request = requests.get(captcha_url, headers=header, cookies=cookies)
    with open('./lezhudai.jpg', 'wb') as file:
        # BeautifulSoup(html.content)
        file.write(second_request.content)
    captcha = input('输入验证码:')
    data = {
        'username':'******',
        'password':'******',
        'captcha':captcha,
        'action':'home_service.get_time'
    }

    # pst登陆请求
    html = requests.post(url=url_1, data=data, headers=headers, allow_redirects=False,cookies=cookies)
    print(html.status_code)
    print(html.text)
    cookie = dict(html.cookies.items())
    # 合并两个cookie
    cookie = dict(cookie,**cookies)
    cookie['currentLocation'] = 'https%3A//www.lezhudai.com/%3Faction%3Dhome.index'
    cookie['checkedYibin'] = 'checked'
    cookie['activity-11'] = '11'
    cookie['Hm_lvt_78e1ddba02aaa0c64487ec1073c62800'] = str(int(time.time()))
    cookie['Hm_lpvt_78e1ddba02aaa0c64487ec1073c62800'] = str(int(time.time()))
    print(cookie)
    header['Referer'] = 'https://www.lezhudai.com/?action=platform.index'
    first_requests = requests.get(url_2, headers=header,cookies=cookie)
    print(first_requests.text)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # get获取登录界面的链接
    url = 'https://www.lezhudai.com/?action=platform.index'
    # post请求的链接
    url_1 = 'https://www.lezhudai.com/platform/?action=platform_service.logon '
    # 登录成功后跳转的链接
    url_2 = 'https://www.lezhudai.com/?action=home.index'
    Xiaowei(url,url_1,url_2)