110 Balanced Binary Tree 平衡二叉树
Description:
Given a binary tree, determine if it is height-balanced.
For this problem, a height-balanced binary tree is defined as:
a binary tree in which the depth of the two subtrees of every node never differ by more than 1.
Example:
Example 1:
Given the following tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]:
3
/ \
9 20
/ \
15 7
Return true.
Example 2:
Given the following tree [1,2,2,3,3,null,null,4,4]:
1
/ \
2 2
/ \
3 3
/ \
4 4
Return false.
题目描述:
给定一个二叉树,判断它是否是高度平衡的二叉树。
本题中,一棵高度平衡二叉树定义为:
一个二叉树每个节点 的左右两个子树的高度差的绝对值不超过1。
示例:
示例 1:
给定二叉树 [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
3
/ \
9 20
/ \
15 7
返回 true 。
示例 2:
给定二叉树 [1,2,2,3,3,null,null,4,4]
1
/ \
2 2
/ \
3 3
/ \
4 4
返回 false 。
思路:
递归, 本身平衡二叉树就是基于递归定义的, 可以用剪枝优化递归过程
当子树已经是不平衡的时候中断其子树的递归
树的深度(高度)参考LeetCode #104 Maximum Depth of Binary Tree 二叉树的最大深度
时间复杂度O(n), 空间复杂度O(n), n为树中结点数
平衡二叉搜索树 Self-balancing binary search tree-wiki
平衡二叉搜索树(英语:Balanced Binary Tree)是一种结构平衡的二叉搜索树,即叶节点高度差的绝对值不超过1,并且左右两个子树都是一棵平衡二叉树。它能在O(logn)内完成插入、查找和删除操作,最早被发明的平衡二叉搜索树为AVL树。
常见的平衡二叉搜索树有:
- AVL树
- 红黑树
- Treap
- 节点大小平衡树
代码:
C++:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution
{
public:
bool isBalanced(TreeNode* root)
{
return depth(root) != -1;
}
private:
int depth(TreeNode* root)
{
if (!root) return 0;
int ld = depth(root -> left);
int rd = depth(root -> right);
if (ld >= 0 and rd >= 0 and abs(ld - rd) < 2) return ld > rd ? ld + 1 : rd + 1;
return -1;
}
};
Java:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) {
return depth(root) != -1;
}
private int depth(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) return 0;
int ld = depth(root.left);
int rd = depth(root.right);
if (ld >= 0 && rd >= 0 && Math.abs(ld - rd) < 2) return ld > rd ? ld + 1 : rd + 1;
return -1;
}
}
Python:
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, x):
# self.val = x
# self.left = None
# self.right = None
class Solution:
def isBalanced(self, root: TreeNode) -> bool:
if not root:
return True
if abs(self.depth(root.left) - self.depth(root.right)) > 1:
return False
return self.isBalanced(root.left) and self.isBalanced(root.right)
def depth(self, root: TreeNode) -> int:
if not root:
return 0
return max(self.depth(root.left), self.depth(root.right)) + 1