基于Python的信号库 Blinker

环境

Python 3.6.4

简介

Blinker是一个基于Python的强大的信号库,支持一对一、一对多的订阅发布模式,支持发送任意大小的数据等等,且线程安全。

安装

pip install blinker

使用

signal为单例模式

signal 使用了单例模式,允许代码的不同模块得到相同的signal,而不用互相传参。

In [1]: from blinker import signal

In [2]: a = signal('signal_test')

In [3]: b = signal('signal_test')

In [4]: a is b
Out[4]: True

订阅信号

使用.connect(func)方法来订阅一个信号,当信号发布时,该信号的订阅者会执行func

In [5]: def subscriber(sender):
   ...:     print('Got a signal sent by {}'.format(sender))
   ...:     

In [6]: ready = signal('ready')

In [7]: ready.connect(subscriber)
Out[7]: 

发布信号

使用.send()方法来发布信号,会通知所有订阅者,如果没有订阅者则什么都不会发生。

In [12]: class Processor(object):
    ...:     
    ...:     def __init__(self, name):
    ...:         self.name = name
    ...:         
    ...:     def go(self):
    ...:         ready = signal('ready') 
    ...:         ready.send(self)
    ...:         print('Processing...')
    ...:         complete = signal('complete')
    ...:         complete.send(self)
    ...:         
    ...:     def __repr__(self):
    ...:         return ''.format(self.name)
    ...:     

In [13]: processor_a = Processor('a')

In [14]: processor_a.go()
Got a signal sent by 
Processing...

订阅指定的发布者

.connect()方法接收一个可选参数sender,可用于接收指定发布者的信号。

In [18]: def b_subscriber():
    ...:     print('Caught signal from peocessor_b')
    ...:     

In [19]: ready.connect(b_subscriber, sender=processor_b)
Out[19]: 

In [20]: processor_a.go()
Got a signal sent by 
Processing...

In [21]: processor_b.go()
Got a signal sent by 
Caught signal from peocessor_b
Processing...

订阅者接收发布者传递的数据

除了之前的通过.connect方法来订阅外,还可以通过装饰器的方法来订阅。
订阅的方法可以接收发布者传递的数据。

In [22]: send_data = signal('send-data')

In [23]: @send_data.connect
    ...: def receive_data(sender, **kw):
    ...:     print('Caught signal from {}, data: {}'.format(sender, kw))
    ...:     return 'received!'
    ...: 
    ...: 

In [24]: result = send_data.send('anonymous', abc=123)
Caught signal from anonymous, data: {'abc': 123}

.send方法的返回值是一个由元组组成的列表,每个元组的第一个值为订阅者的方法,第二个值为订阅者的返回值

In [25]: result
Out[25]: [(, 'received!')]

匿名信号

信号可以是匿名的,可以使用Signal类来创建唯一的信号(S大写,这个类不像之前的signal,为非单例模式)。
下面的on_readyon_complete为两个不同的信号

In [28]: from blinker import Signal

In [29]: class AltProcessor(object):
    ...:     on_ready = Signal()
    ...:     on_complete = Signal()
    ...:     
    ...:     def __init__(self, name):
    ...:         self.name = name
    ...:     
    ...:     def go(self):
    ...:         self.on_ready.send(self)
    ...:         print('Altername processing')
    ...:         self.on_complete.send(self)
    ...:         
    ...:     def __repr__(self):
    ...:         return ''.format(self.name)

通过装饰器来订阅

订阅者接收发布者传递的数据中简单地演示了使用装饰器来订阅,但是那种订阅方式不支持订阅指定的发布者,这时候我们可以用.connect_via(sender)

In [31]: @dice_roll.connect_via(1)
    ...: @dice_roll.connect_via(3)
    ...: @dice_roll.connect_via(5)
    ...: def odd_subscriver(sender):
    ...:     print('Observed dice roll {}'.format(sender))
    ...:     

In [32]: result = dice_roll.send(3)
Observed dice roll 3

In [33]: result = dice_roll.send(1)
Observed dice roll 1

In [34]: result = dice_roll.send(5)
Observed dice roll 5

In [35]: result = dice_roll.send(2)

检查信号是否有订阅者

In [37]: bool(signal('ready').receivers)
Out[37]: True

In [38]: bool(signal('complete').receivers)
Out[38]: False

In [39]: bool(AltProcessor.on_complete.receivers)
Out[39]: False

In [40]: signal('ready').has_receivers_for(processor_a)
Out[40]: True

参考

Blinker 官方文档

博客更新地址

  • 宋明耀的博客 [ 第一时间更新 ]
  • 知乎专栏 Python Cookbook
  • 知乎专栏 DevOps - BetterWorld
  • 流月0的文章

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