利用DBMS_BACKUP_RESETORE从备份中恢复控制文件数据文件和归档日志

在Oracle 816 以后的版本中，Oracle提供了一个包: DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE，由dbmsbkrs.sql 和 prvtbkrs.plb 这两个脚本创建，
catproc.sql 脚本运行后会调用这两个包。该包是Oracle服务器和操作系统之间IO操作的接口，由恢复管理器直接调用。

在catalog的情况下，采用RMAN备份，如果丢失了控制文件，可以直接用RMAN恢复：
   SQL>startup nomount;
   ORACLE instance started.
   Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
   Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
   Variable Size              75497472 bytes
   Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
   Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
   SQL>

   c:\>rman target xxx catalog xxx
   Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
   Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
   connected to target database: zhs16gbk (not mounted)
   connected to recovery catalog database

   RMAN>restore controlfile from 'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\C-165830944-20070412-01';

在nocatalog的情况下，采用RMAN备份，因为控制文件中包含了rman的备份信息，所以如果丢失了控制文件，不能用平常的方法来恢复。我们可以利用DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE的包来恢复。该包在nomount下即可运行，也就是说，只需要启动到nomount下就可以利用它来恢复控制文件或者数据文件以及归档日志。

   FUNCTION DeviceAllocate(
　　　　　　type     IN VARCHAR2 default NULL,
　　　　　　name     IN VARCHAR2 default NULL,
　　　　　　ident    IN VARCHAR2 default NULL,
　　　　　　noio     IN BOOLEAN  default FALSE,
　　　　　　params   IN VARCHAR2 default NULL ) RETURN VARCHAR2;

   PROCEDURE RestoreControlFileTo(cfname IN VARCHAR2);
   PROCEDURE RestoreDataFileTo(dfnumber IN binary_integer, toname IN VARCHAR2 default NULL);

1. 从备份中恢复控制文件
   DECLARE
      devtype VARCHAR2(256);
      done BOOLEAN;
   BEGIN
      --分配一个device channel，如果使用的操作系统文件，type就为空，如果是从磁带上恢复要用 "sbt_tape"；
      devtype:=SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1');
      --指明开始restore
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreSetDatafile;
      --指出待恢复文件目标存储位置；
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreControlFileTo(cfname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\MYDATA\CONTROL01.CTL');
      --SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreControlFileTo(cfname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\MYDATA\CONTROL02.CTL');
      --SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreControlFileTo(cfname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\MYDATA\CONTROL03.CTL');
      --指定备份集的位置
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'D:\DBBAK\CK_52_1_623326577', params=>null);
      --释放通道
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceDeAllocate;
   END;

    DECLARE
          devtype VARCHAR2(256);
          done BOOLEAN;
       BEGIN
          devtype:=SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1'); 
          SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreSetDatafile;
          SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreSPFileTo(sfname=>'D:\CONTROL01.CTL');
          SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'h:\rmanbackup\CNTR_20080401_2699_1_650869237', params=>null);
          SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceDeAllocate;
       END;

2. 从备份中恢复数据文件(数据文件可以从v$datafile中获得)
   A. 恢复0级备份中的数据文件
      DECLARE
         devtype VARCHAR2(256);
         done BOOLEAN;
      BEGIN
         devtype:=SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreSetDatafile;
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>1,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\SYSTEM01.DBF');
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>2,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\UNDOTBS01.DBF');
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>3,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\INDX01.DBF');
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>4,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\TOOLS01.DBF');
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>5,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\USERS01.DBF');
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'d:\dbbak\BK_1_1_623326719', params=>null);
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceDeAllocate;
      END;
   B. 恢复增量备份中的数据文件
      DECLARE
         devtype VARCHAR2(256);
         done BOOLEAN;
      BEGIN
         devtype:=SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.ApplySetDataFile;
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.ApplySetDataFile(dfnumber=>1,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\SYSTEM01.DBF');        
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.ApplySetDataFile(dfnumber=>2,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\UNDOTBS01.DBF');       
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.ApplySetDataFile(dfnumber=>3,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\INDX01.DBF');          
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.ApplySetDataFile(dfnumber=>4,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\TOOLS01.DBF');         
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.ApplySetDataFile(dfnumber=>5,toname=>'C:\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORADATA\ZHS16GBK\USERS01.DBF');         
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.applyBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'D:\DBBAK\BK_1_1_623326719', params=>null);
         SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceDeAllocate;
      END;

      (SELECT 'SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RestoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>' || file# ||
         ',toname=>' ||chr(39)|| name ||chr(39) || ');',
         'SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.ApplySetDataFile(dfnumber=>' || file# ||
         ',toname=>' ||chr(39)|| name ||chr(39) || ');'
         FROM V$DATAFILE; )

3. 从备份中恢复归档日志
   DECLARE
      devtype VARCHAR2(256);
      done BOOLEAN;
   begin
      devtype:=SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1');
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreSetArchivedLog('c:\software\oracle\oradata\zhs16gbk\archive');
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreArchivedLog(thread=>1,sequence=>42);
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreArchivedLog(thread=>1,sequence=>43);
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'d:\dbbak\AL_3_1_623326755',params=>null);
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceDeAllocate;
   end;
  
   DECLARE
      devtype VARCHAR2(256);
      done BOOLEAN;
   begin
      devtype:=SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1');
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreSetArchivedLog('c:\software\oracle\oradata\zhs16gbk\archive');
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreArchivedLog(thread=>1,sequence=>44);
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreArchivedLog(thread=>1,sequence=>45);
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'d:\dbbak\AL_4_1_623326982',params=>null);
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceDeAllocate;
   end;

   OR (以下是将这两个备份文件中归档日志全部恢复出来）
   DECLARE
      devtype VARCHAR2(256);
      done BOOLEAN;
   BEGIN
      devtype:=SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1');
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreSetArchivedLog('c:\software\oracle\oradata\zhs16gbk\archive');
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreArchivedLogRange;
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'d:\dbbak\AL_3_1_623326755',params=>null);
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceDeAllocate;
   END;

   DECLARE
      devtype VARCHAR2(256);
      done BOOLEAN;
   BEGIN
      devtype:=SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1');
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreSetArchivedLog('c:\software\oracle\oradata\zhs16gbk\archive');
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreArchivedLogRange;
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'d:\dbbak\AL_4_1_623326982',params=>null);
      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DeviceDeAllocate;
   END;