centos8安装Jenkins

本文将介绍在centos上安装jenkins的方法。

Jenkins通常作为一个独立的应用程序在其自己的流程中运行， 内置Java servlet 容器/应用程序服务器（Jetty）。

一、Jenkins安装

安装方法一:

直接去Jenkins官网下载war包，放在tomcat底下。

1.进入https://www.jenkins.io/download/官网，选择war的下载地址

2.在shell中下载到centos服务器

#下载war包到centos里面
[root@VM_21_126_centos ~]# wget https://get.jenkins.io/war-stable/2.249.2/jenkins.war
--2020-10-13 10:25:21--  https://get.jenkins.io/war-stable/2.249.2/jenkins.war
Resolving get.jenkins.io (get.jenkins.io)... 52.167.253.43
Connecting to get.jenkins.io (get.jenkins.io)|52.167.253.43|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/war-stable/2.249.2/jenkins.war [following]
--2020-10-13 10:25:22--  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/war-stable/2.249.2/jenkins.war
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 67399569 (64M) [application/java-archive]
Saving to: ‘jenkins.war’

100%[============================================================================================================>] 67,399,569  7.47MB/s   in 15s    

2020-10-13 10:25:38 (4.18 MB/s) - ‘jenkins.war’ saved [67399569/67399569]

3.把war移动到tomcat服务器底下（没有tomcat的话自行安装或者使用docker进行安装）

#把war包移到tomcat底下
[root@VM_21_126_centos ~]# mv jenkins.war /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.24/webapps/

4.重启tomcat部署好了

#切换到tomcat的bin目录，安装目录具体看你自己的安装位置
[root@VM_21_126_centos ~]# cd /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.24/bin
#重启tomcat
[root@VM_21_126_centos bin]# ./startup.sh

5.浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/jenkins,可以看到下面界面就说明安装成功了

6.根据提示到/root/.jenkins//secrets/initialAdminPassword

#进入容器
[root@VM_21_126_centos bin]# cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword
b83cf557ad894d0699da5a16726d6779

接下来直接进入安装方法二的第7步

安装方法二：

通过docker进行Jenkins安装，docker的安装可以看我之前写的教程https://blog.csdn.net/linfen1520/article/details/108725723

1.从docker中查询Jenkins镜像

#搜索Jenkins镜像
[root@VM_21_126_centos bin]# docker search jenkins
INDEX       NAME                                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/jenkins                                 Official Jenkins Docker image                   4931      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/jenkins/jenkins                         The leading open source automation server       2251                 
docker.io   docker.io/jenkinsci/blueocean                     https://jenkins.io/projects/blueocean           570                  
docker.io   docker.io/jenkinsci/jenkins                       Jenkins Continuous Integration and Deliver...   383                  
docker.io   docker.io/jenkins/jnlp-slave                      a Jenkins agent which can connect to Jenki...   134                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jenkinsci/jnlp-slave                    A Jenkins slave using JNLP to establish co...   127                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jenkinsci/slave                         Base Jenkins slave docker image                 65                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jenkins/slave                           base image for a Jenkins Agent, which incl...   43                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jenkinsci/ssh-slave                     A Jenkins SSH Slave docker image                43                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cloudbees/jenkins-enterprise            CloudBees Jenkins Enterprise (Rolling rele...   34                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jenkins/ssh-slave                       A Jenkins slave using SSH to establish con...   34                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/jenkins                         Bitnami Docker Image for Jenkins                27                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/h1kkan/jenkins-docker                   ?? Extended Jenkins docker image, bundled w...   27                   
docker.io   docker.io/xmartlabs/jenkins-android               Jenkins image for Android development.          27                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/jenkins-2-centos7             A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use...   23                   
docker.io   docker.io/cloudbees/jenkins-operations-center     CloudBees Jenkins Operation Center (Rollin...   14                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/jenkins-slave-maven-centos7   A Jenkins slave image with OpenJDK 1.8 and...   11                   
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/jenkins-slave-base-centos7    A Jenkins slave base image. DEPRECATED: se...   7                    
docker.io   docker.io/trion/jenkins-docker-client             Jenkins CI server with docker client            6                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/publicisworldwide/jenkins-slave         Jenkins Slave based on Oracle Linux             5                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/jenkins-1-centos7             DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x i...   4                    
docker.io   docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/jenkins-apb       An APB which deploys Jenkins CI                 1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/amazeeio/jenkins-slave                  A jenkins slave that connects to a master ...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jameseckersall/jenkins                  docker-jenkins (based on openshift jenkins...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mashape/jenkins                         Just a jenkins image with the AWS cli adde...   0                    [OK]

2.通过dockers拉取Jenkins系统镜像

#拉取Jenkins镜像
[root@VM_21_126_centos bin]# docker pull jenkinsci/blueocean
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/jenkinsci/blueocean ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/jenkinsci/blueocean
df20fa9351a1: Pull complete 
1cb481a13af0: Pull complete 
f5efbd400588: Pull complete 
f2d0037ca04a: Pull complete 
f50c4373c0c3: Pull complete 
cfa42149c07e: Pull complete 
e6784003bb85: Pull complete 
73a1e720e18b: Pull complete 
2e41633b95a1: Pull complete 
83587819eac3: Pull complete 
1389b752912a: Pull complete 
feb326d4942c: Pull complete 
05fc0701116d: Pull complete 
06a6bc155e06: Pull complete 
c3226bfea341: Pull complete 
bcc24b074067: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:3bf41f535186cbb410452910607b38790357cbef789f3ff19ae8e8cd67a78e04
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/jenkinsci/blueocean:latest

3.启动Jenkins服务

docker run \
  -u root \
  --rm \
  -d \
  -p 8080:8080 \
  -p 50000:50000 \
  -v jenkins-data:/var/jenkins_home \
  -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  jenkinsci/blueocean

• -u：使用root用户
• -rm: 关闭时自动删除Docker容器（下图为实例）。如果您需要退出Jenkins，这可以保持整洁。
• -d: 在后台运行容器（即“分离”模式）并输出容器ID。如果您不指定此选项， 则在终端窗口中输出正在运行的此容器的Docker日志。
• -p 映射（例如“发布”）jenkinsci/blueocean 容器的端口8080到主机上的端口8080。 第一个数字代表主机上的端口，而最后一个代表容器的端口。因此，如果您为此选项指定 -p 49000:8080 ，您将通过端口49000访问主机上的Jenkins。
• -v jenkins-data:/var/jenkins_home ：jenkins-data 卷也可以 docker volume create命令创建： docker volume create jenkins-data 代替映射 /var/jenkins_home 目录转换为Docker卷，还 可以将此目录映射到计算机本地文件系统上的目录。 例如，指定该选项 -v $HOME/jenkins:/var/jenkins_home 会将容器的 /var/jenkins_home 目录映射 到 本地计算机上目录中的 jenkins 子目录， 该$HOME目录通常是 /Users//jenkins 或`/home//jenkins`
• -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock: /var/run/docker.sock 表示Docker守护程序通过其监听的基于Unix的套接字。 该映射允许 jenkinsci/blueocean 容器与Docker守护进程通信

#按实际挂载jdk、maven、数据包等目录
docker run \
  -u root \
  --rm \
  -d \
  -p 8040:8080 \
  -p 50000:50000 \
  -v /var/jenkins_home:/var/jenkins_home \
  -v /usr/lib/jvm/:/usr/lib/jvm/ \
  -v /opt/data/:/opt/data/ \
  -v /opt/maven/apache-maven-3.6.3:/opt/maven/apache-maven-3.6.3 \
  -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  --name jenkins \
  jenkinsci/blueocean

5.查看进程是否运行

#查看进程
[root@VM_21_126_centos bin]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                                              NAMES
156316c9206f        jenkinsci/blueocean   "/sbin/tini -- /us..."   24 seconds ago      Up 21 seconds             0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:50000->50000/tcp   optimistic_dubinsky

看到create时间说明正在运行，如果看到exit(状态码)说明异常退出

6.查看log日志

#查看运行日志 logs后面为容器id，也可以通过定义别名
[root@VM_21_126_centos bin]# docker logs 156316c9206f
Running from: /usr/share/jenkins/jenkins.war
webroot: EnvVars.masterEnvVars.get("JENKINS_HOME")
2020-10-13 02:55:45.338+0000 [id=1]	INFO	org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Log#initialized: Logging initialized @1530ms to org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.JavaUtilLog
2020-10-13 02:55:45.613+0000 [id=1]	INFO	winstone.Logger#logInternal: Beginning extraction from war file
2020-10-13 02:55:47.627+0000 [id=1]	WARNING	o.e.j.s.handler.ContextHandler#setContextPath: Empty contextPath
2020-10-13 02:55:47.763+0000 [id=1]	INFO	org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server#doStart: jetty-9.4.30.v20200611; built: 2020-06-11T12:34:51.929Z; git: 271836e4c1f4612f12b7bb13ef5a92a927634b0d; jvm 1.8.0_262-b10
2020-10-13 02:55:48.379+0000 [id=1]	INFO	o.e.j.w.StandardDescriptorProcessor#visitServlet: NO JSP Support for /, did not find org.eclipse.jetty.jsp.JettyJspServlet
2020-10-13 02:55:48.548+0000 [id=1]	INFO	o.e.j.s.s.DefaultSessionIdManager#doStart: DefaultSessionIdManager workerName=node0
2020-10-13 02:55:48.548+0000 [id=1]	INFO	o.e.j.s.s.DefaultSessionIdManager#doStart: No SessionScavenger set, using defaults
2020-10-13 02:55:48.555+0000 [id=1]	INFO	o.e.j.server.session.HouseKeeper#startScavenging: node0 Scavenging every 600000ms
2020-10-13 02:55:49.492+0000 [id=1]	INFO	hudson.WebAppMain#contextInitialized: Jenkins home directory: /var/jenkins_home found at: EnvVars.masterEnvVars.get("JENKINS_HOME")
2020-10-13 02:55:50.297+0000 [id=1]	INFO	o.e.j.s.handler.ContextHandler#doStart: Started w.@55e7a35c{Jenkins v2.249.2,/,file:///var/jenkins_home/war/,AVAILABLE}{/var/jenkins_home/war}
2020-10-13 02:55:50.731+0000 [id=1]	INFO	o.e.j.server.AbstractConnector#doStart: Started ServerConnector@7eecb5b8{HTTP/1.1, (http/1.1)}{0.0.0.0:8080}

7.浏览器输入http://localhost:8080,看到下面界面就说明安装成功

8.等待一段时间后就可以看到下面界面

我们根据提示获取密钥：

#进入容器
[root@VM_21_126_centos bin]# docker exec -it 156316c9206f /bin/bash
#查看密钥
bash-5.0# cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword
b83cf557ad894d0699da5a16726d6779

复制上面的b83cf557ad894d0699da5a16726d6779密钥拿到浏览器的编辑框黏贴,点击继续等待一段时间。

9.安装插件，选择安装推荐的插件进行安装

10.自动安装插件，等待安装完成

11.配置管理员账号，点击保存并完成

12.进行实例配置，默认就好了，保存并完成

13.开始使用Jenkins

14.安装完成，输入账号密码进行登录

15.进入Jenkins还有部分菜单没有中文化，需重启一次。

安装完成教程到此结束，接下来将整合docke实现自动化部署Spring Boot项目，请看下一个教程。