在布局中加入 ListView 控件还算简单,先为 ListView 指定一个 id,然后将宽度和高度都设置为 match_parent,这样 ListView 就占满了整个布局的空间
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ListView
android:id="@+id/listView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
LinearLayout>
接下来修改 MainActivity 中的代码
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val data = listOf("Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon",
"Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango",
"Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape",
"Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango")
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
val adapter = ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data)
listView.adapter = adapter
}
}
先将数据准备好,然后借助适配器将数据传递给 ListView。ArrayAdapter 是 Android 提供的一种适配器的实现类,可以通过泛型来指定要适配的数据类型,然后在构造函数中把要适配的数据传入。在 ArrayAdapter 的构造函数中依次传入 Activity 的实例、ListView 子项布局的 id、数据源,这里我们使用了 android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1 作为 ListView 子项布局的 id,这是一个 Android 内置的布局文件,里面只有一个 TextView,可用于简单地显式一段文本。最后,调用 ListView 的 setAdapter() 方法,将构建好的适配器对象传递进去,这样 ListView 和数据之间的关联就建立完成了
只能显示一段文本的 ListView 实在太单调了,我们现在希望定制 ListView 的界面,让它能显示文本和图片
在需要 ListView 的子项指定一个我们自定义的布局,在 layout 目录下新建 fruit_item.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="60dp">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruitImage"
android:layout_width="40dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
tools:ignore="ContentDescription,RtlHardcoded" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruitName"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
tools:ignore="RtlHardcoded" />
LinearLayout>
定义一个实体类,作为 ListView 适配器的适配类型
class FruitAdapter(activity: Activity, val resourceId: Int, data: List<Fruit>) :
ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) {
@SuppressLint("ViewHolder")
override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View {
val view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false)
val fruitImage: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage)
val fruitName: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName)
val fruit = getItem(position)
if (fruit != null) {
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId)
fruitName.text = fruit.name
}
return view
}
}
FruitAdapter 类继承自 ArrayAdapter,并泛型指定为 Fruit 类,重写 getView() 方法。在 getView() 方法中,首先使用 LayoutInflater 来为这个子项加载我们传入的布局,再调用 View 的 findViewById() 方法分别获取 ImageView 和 TextView,然后通过 getItem() 方法得到当前项的 Fruit 实例,设置显示的图片和文字,最后将布局返回
最后修改 MainActivity 中的代码
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val fruitList = ArrayList<Fruit>()
private val data = listOf("Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon",
"Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango",
"Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear", "Grape",
"Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango")
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
initFruits()
val adapter = FruitAdapter(this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList)
listView.adapter = adapter
}
private fun initFruits() {
repeat(2) {
fruitList.add(Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry_pic))
fruitList.add(Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango_pic))
}
}
}
getView() 方法中还有一个 convertView 参数,这个参数用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后进行重用,我们可以借助这个参数进行性能优化
class FruitAdapter(activity: Activity, val resourceId: Int, data: List<Fruit>) :
ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) {
@SuppressLint("ViewHolder")
override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View {
val view: View
if (convertView == null) {
view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false)
} else {
view = convertView
}
val fruitImage: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage)
val fruitName: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName)
val fruit = getItem(position)
if (fruit != null) {
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId)
fruitName.text = fruit.name
}
return view
}
}
我们在 getView() 方法中进行了判断:如果 convertView 为 null,则使用 LayoutInflater 去加载布局;如果不为 null,则直接对 convertView 进行重用
目前代码还可以继续优化,每次在 getView() 方法中仍然会调用 View 的 findViewById 方法去获取一次控件的实例,我们可以借助一个 ViewHolder 来对这部分性能进行优化,修改 FruitAdapter 中的代码
class FruitAdapter(activity: Activity, val resourceId: Int, data: List<Fruit>) :
ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) {
inner class ViewHolder(val fruitImage: ImageView, val fruitName: TextView)
@SuppressLint("ViewHolder")
override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View {
val view: View
val viewHolder: ViewHolder
if (convertView == null) {
view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false)
val fruitImage: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage)
val fruitName: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName)
viewHolder = ViewHolder(fruitImage, fruitName)
view.tag = viewHolder
} else {
view = convertView
viewHolder = view.tag as ViewHolder
}
val fruit = getItem(position)
if (fruit != null) {
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId)
viewHolder.fruitName.text = fruit.name
}
return view
}
}
我们新增一个内部类 ViewHolder,用于对 ImageView 和 TextView 的控件实例进行缓存。当 convertView 为 null 时,创建一个 ViewHolder 对象,并将控件的实例存放在 ViewHolder 里,然后调用 View 的 setTag() 方法,将 ViewHolder 对象存储在 View 中
ListView 的滚动毕竟只是满足我们视觉上的效果,因此本节学习 ListView 如何才能响应用户的点击事件
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val fruitList = ArrayList<Fruit>()
...
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
initFruits()
val adapter = FruitAdapter(this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList)
listView.adapter = adapter
/*val adapter = ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data)*/
/*listView.adapter = adapter*/
listView.setOnItemClickListener {
parent, view, position, id ->
val fruit = fruitList[position]
Toast.makeText(this, fruit.name, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
}
}