Cobbler
文章目录
- 一、cobbler简介
- 二、cobbler服务端部署
- 三、自定义安装
一、cobbler简介
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。
cobbler集成的服务
- PXE服务支持
- DHCP服务管理
- DNS服务管理
- 电源管理
- Kickstart服务支持
- YUM仓库管理
- TFTP
- Apache
Cobbler工作流程
cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
| 配置文件 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| /etc/cobbler/settings | cobbler 主配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/pxe | pxe模板配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/power | 电源配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服务授权配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/users.digest | web访问的用户名密码配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服务器的的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服务器的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template | tftp服务的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模块的配置文件 |
cobbler数据目录
| 目录 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| /var/lib/cobbler/config/ | 用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ | 默认存放kickstart文件 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录 |
| /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ | 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 |
| /var/www/cobbler/images/ | 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 |
| /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum仓库存储目录 |
cobbler日志文件
| 日志文件路径 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| /var/log/cobbler/installing | 客户端安装日志 |
| /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |
cobbler命令帮助
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| cobbler check | 核对当前设置是否有问题 |
| cobbler list | 列出所有的cobbler元素 |
| cobbler report | 列出元素的详细信息 |
| cobbler sync | 同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下 |
| cobbler reposync | 同步yum仓库 |
| cobbler distro | 查看导入的发行版系统信息 |
| cobbler system | 查看添加的系统信息 |
| cobbler profile | 查看配置信息 |
二、cobbler服务端部署
// 配置epel源
[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release -y
// 安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install dhcp-* tftp python-ctypes xinetd pykickstart cobbler cobbler-web syslinux fence-agents
// 设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
// 修改server的IP为本机IP
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.91.140/' /etc/cobbler/settings
// 设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.91.140/' /etc/cobbler/settings
// 生成加密密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1
Password:
Verifying - Password:
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1
Password:
Verifying - Password:
$1$FUE67RUc$PRUPQrcBB/HLfbLOGDug51
// 将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$FUE67RUc$PRUPQrcBB/HLfbLOGDug51"
manage_dhcp: 1 //修改为1
// 重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
// 下载centos7缺失的文件
[root@localhost loaders]# scp [email protected]:/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/* .
[root@localhost loaders]# ls
COPYING.syslinux grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README
COPYING.yaboot grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot
// 配置dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.91.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.91.140;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.91.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.91.100 192.168.91.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
//重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置（8系统上要下载缺失文件cobbler get-loaders）
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler sync
task started: 2021-10-13_192725_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Oct 13 22:37:26 2021)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
// 镜像导入
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
// --path：镜像路径 --name：为安装源定义名字 --arch：指定安装平台
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --name=centos7 --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt
task started: 2021-10-13_231256_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Oct 13 23:18:33 2021)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64:
creating new distro: centos8-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos8-x86_64
creating new profile: centos8-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64 for centos8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata
// 查看镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
centos7-x86_64
profiles:
centos7-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report centos8-x86_64
Name : centos7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {
}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : centos7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {
}
Kernel Options : {
}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {
}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {
}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {
}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
// 创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks <
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.91.140/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6$hnAOxmuoZiHyD07l$xTFCSTRuwo6Ac3xS2Ebk0rUdgozLSwCOuw9idMHM9GrSJMOPJkPZfEGgt6ocu2Tle6t422NHRxfLHNVG19dF41
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF
// 文件检查
[root@localhost templates]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2021-10-13_234113_validate_autoinstall_files
task started (id=Automated installation files validation, time=Wed Oct 13 23:55:24 2021)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
// 修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost templates]# cobbler profile edit --name centos7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks
// 配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost templates]# cobbler profile edit --name centos7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name : centos7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {
}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : centos7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {
}
Kernel Options : {
'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {
}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {
}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {
}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
// 同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2021-10-14_084624_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Oct 14 08:46:24 2021)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: centos7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: centos7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for centos7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: centos7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
// 解决报错，将下列文件替换
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp：是否覆盖"/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0"？ y
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp：是否覆盖"/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32"？ y
// 重启服务
[root@localhost templates]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
[root@localhost templates]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost templates]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
换一台新虚拟机测试
三、自定义安装
测试成功，去web页面登录
然后点击左上角save的保存
同步配置并重启相关服务
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
最后开机会自动安装
