python读取文件名及后缀详解

目录

• os.listdir()
• 实验代码：
• 输出：
• 结果分析：
• os.path.splitext()
• 实验代码：
• 输出：
• 结果分析：
• os.path.split()
• 实验代码：
• 输出：
• 结果分析：
• 案例分析
• 思路：
• 代码实验：
• 输出：
• 总结

因为某些原因，需要读取d.lib后缀的文件，在此写下记录

os.listdir()

语法：os.listdir(path)

函数用途：输出路径下所有文件的文件名

实验代码：

假如我们需要读取该文件夹所包含全部文件名

import os
path = "E:/vs_code/qtVideo/lib"
datanames = os.listdir(path)
for i in datanames:
    print(i)

输出：

A_TEST
OpenCVConfig-version.cmake
OpenCVConfig.cmake
OpenCVModules-debug.cmake
OpenCVModules-release.cmake
OpenCVModules.cmake
opencv_aruco330.lib
opencv_aruco330d.lib
opencv_bgsegm330.lib
opencv_bgsegm330d.lib
opencv_bioinspired330.lib
opencv_bioinspired330d.lib
opencv_calib3d330.lib
opencv_calib3d330d.lib
opencv_ccalib330.lib
opencv_ccalib330d.lib
opencv_core330.lib
opencv_core330d.lib
opencv_datasets330.lib
opencv_datasets330d.lib
opencv_dnn330.lib
opencv_dnn330d.lib
opencv_dpm330.lib
opencv_dpm330d.lib
opencv_face330.lib
opencv_face330d.lib
opencv_features2d330.lib
opencv_features2d330d.lib
opencv_flann330.lib
opencv_flann330d.lib
opencv_fuzzy330.lib
opencv_fuzzy330d.lib
opencv_highgui330.lib
opencv_highgui330d.lib
opencv_imgcodecs330.lib
opencv_imgcodecs330d.lib
opencv_imgproc330.lib
opencv_imgproc330d.lib
opencv_img_hash330.lib
opencv_img_hash330d.lib
opencv_line_descriptor330.lib
opencv_line_descriptor330d.lib
opencv_ml330.lib
opencv_ml330d.lib
opencv_objdetect330.lib
opencv_objdetect330d.lib
opencv_optflow330.lib
opencv_optflow330d.lib
opencv_phase_unwrapping330.lib
opencv_phase_unwrapping330d.lib
opencv_photo330.lib
opencv_photo330d.lib
opencv_plot330.lib
opencv_plot330d.lib
opencv_reg330.lib
opencv_reg330d.lib
opencv_rgbd330.lib
opencv_rgbd330d.lib
opencv_saliency330.lib
opencv_saliency330d.lib
opencv_shape330.lib
opencv_shape330d.lib
opencv_stereo330.lib
opencv_stereo330d.lib
opencv_stitching330.lib
opencv_stitching330d.lib
opencv_structured_light330.lib
opencv_structured_light330d.lib
opencv_superres330.lib
opencv_superres330d.lib
opencv_surface_matching330.lib
opencv_surface_matching330d.lib
opencv_text330.lib
opencv_text330d.lib
opencv_tracking330.lib
opencv_tracking330d.lib
opencv_video330.lib
opencv_video330d.lib
opencv_videoio330.lib
opencv_videoio330d.lib
opencv_videostab330.lib
opencv_videostab330d.lib
opencv_xfeatures2d330.lib
opencv_xfeatures2d330d.lib
opencv_ximgproc330.lib
opencv_ximgproc330d.lib
opencv_xobjdetect330.lib
opencv_xobjdetect330d.lib
opencv_xphoto330.lib
opencv_xphoto330d.lib

结果分析：

os.listdir  以列表的形式返回指定文件夹的下所有内容，不管是文件还是文件夹

os.path.splitext()

语法：os.path.splitext(文件名)

函数用途：将文件名和扩展名分开。

实验代码：

name1 = "opencv_xphoto330d.lib"
name2 = "D:\\opencv_xphoto330d.lib"
result1 = os.path.splitext(name1)
result2 = os.path.splitext(name2)
print("result1:",result1)
print("result2:",result2)
print("type:",type(result1),type(result2))

输出：

result1: ('opencv_xphoto330d', '.lib')
result2: ('D:\\opencv_xphoto330d', '.lib')
type:  

结果分析：

就是以文件名中的'.'作为分隔符，分隔文件名称与文件后缀，以元组的形式返回文件名与后缀。

os.path.split()

语法：os.path.split(path)

函数用途：返回文件的路径和文件名。

实验代码：

name1 = "opencv_xphoto330d.lib"
name2 = "E:\\vs_code\\qtVideo\\opencv_xphoto330d.lib"
name3 = "E:\\vs_code\\qtVideo"
result1 = os.path.split(name1)
result2 = os.path.split(name2)
result3 = os.path.split(name3)
print("result1:",result1)
print("result2:",result2)
print("result3:",result3)
print("type:",type(result1),type(result2),type(result3))

输出：

result1: ('', 'opencv_xphoto330d.lib')
result2: ('E:\\vs_code\\qtVideo', 'opencv_xphoto330d.lib')
result3: ('E:\\vs_code', 'qtVideo')
type:  

结果分析：

就是以路径最后一个'/'或者'\\'为分隔，以元祖的形式返回路径与文件名，若只有文件名，则输出文件名与空。

案例分析

指定文件夹下包含.lib、d.lib、其他文件夹，需要获得文件夹中所有d.lib后缀的文件名

思路：

通过listdir()获得该文件夹下所有文件名，使用splitext()分离文件名和后缀，判断文件名最后一个是否为d,后缀是否为lib

代码实验：

import os
path = "E:/vs_code/qtVideo/lib"
datanames = os.listdir(path)
for i in datanames:
    if os.path.splitext(i)[1]=='.lib' and  os.path.splitext(i)[0][-1]=='d':
        print(i)

输出：

opencv_aruco330d.lib
opencv_bgsegm330d.lib
opencv_bioinspired330d.lib
opencv_calib3d330d.lib
opencv_ccalib330d.lib
opencv_core330d.lib
opencv_datasets330d.lib
opencv_dnn330d.lib
opencv_dpm330d.lib
opencv_face330d.lib
opencv_features2d330d.lib
opencv_flann330d.lib
opencv_fuzzy330d.lib
opencv_highgui330d.lib
opencv_imgcodecs330d.lib
opencv_imgproc330d.lib
opencv_img_hash330d.lib
opencv_line_descriptor330d.lib
opencv_ml330d.lib
opencv_objdetect330d.lib
opencv_optflow330d.lib
opencv_phase_unwrapping330d.lib
opencv_photo330d.lib
opencv_plot330d.lib
opencv_reg330d.lib
opencv_rgbd330d.lib
opencv_saliency330d.lib
opencv_shape330d.lib
opencv_stereo330d.lib
opencv_stitching330d.lib
opencv_structured_light330d.lib
opencv_superres330d.lib
opencv_surface_matching330d.lib
opencv_text330d.lib
opencv_tracking330d.lib
opencv_video330d.lib
opencv_videoio330d.lib
opencv_videostab330d.lib
opencv_xfeatures2d330d.lib
opencv_ximgproc330d.lib
opencv_xobjdetect330d.lib
opencv_xphoto330d.lib

可以看到我们把文件中的d.lib的文件都已经筛选出来了

总结

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