springboot整合canal实现与mysql数据实时同步

以下有关linux操作都是基于docker容器的

一、Canal介绍

1、介绍

canal是阿里巴巴旗下的一款开源项目,纯Java开发。基于数据库增量日志解析,提供增量数据订阅&消费,目前主要支持了MySQL。

2、Canal环境搭建

canal的原理是基于mysql binlog技术,所以这里一定需要开启mysql的binlog写入功能
(1)检查binlog功能是否有开启

mysql> show variables like ‘log_bin’;
±--------------±------+
| Variable_name | Value |
±--------------±------+
| log_bin | OFF |
±--------------±------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(2)如果显示状态为OFF表示该功能未开启,开启binlog功能(mysql:5.7可能没有my.cnf文件,mysql:8.0有,没有的话自己新建,其他版本没试过)

1,修改 mysql 的配置文件 my.cnf
vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
追加内容:
log-bin=mysql-bin #binlog文件名
binlog_format=ROW #选择row模式
server_id=1 #mysql实例id,不能和canal的slaveId重复
2,重启 mysql:
docker restart xxx
3,登录 mysql 客户端,查看 log_bin 变量
mysql> show variables like ‘log_bin’;
±--------------±------+
| Variable_name | Value |
±--------------±------+
| log_bin | ON|
±--------------±------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
————————————————
如果显示状态为ON表示该功能已开启

(3)在本地的mysql里面添加以下的相关用户和权限

CREATE USER ‘canal’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘canal’;
GRANT SHOW VIEW, SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON . TO ‘canal’@’%’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

3、下载安装Canal服务

(1)拉取镜像,不加版本号,默认为latest

docker pull canal/canal-server

(2)查看镜像是否拉去成功

docker images

在这里插入图片描述
(3)拉取成功后启动canal,从里面copy出配置文件

#启动镜像 
docker run --name canal -d canal/canal-server

#进入容器 查看配置文件路径
docker exec -it canal bash

#找到文件位置后 exit退出容器 将容器内部文件copy到外部
docker cp canal:/home/admin/canal-server/conf/canal.properties /home/canal/canal.properties
docker cp canal:/home/admin/canal-server/conf/example/instance.properties /home/canal/instance.properties

(4)文件cv后,修改instance.properties文件(address写的是服务器的ip)springboot整合canal实现与mysql数据实时同步_第1张图片

第一个红框改成你要监听数据库的地址和端口;第二个红框是你数据库的用户和密码,这个用户信息一定是要有全部权限的用户,非root用户,我在上面创建了canal用户;第三个是匹配数据表的规则,这里默认为全部表

(4)修改保存后,删除容器重新启动,挂载数据卷就可以避免每次启动又要配置参数了

#关闭容器
docker stop canal

#移除容器
docker rm canal

#启动容器,-v为挂载数据卷
 docker run --name canal -p 11111:11111 -d -v /home/xyouzi/canal/instance.properties:/home/admin/canal-server/conf/example/instance.properties -v /home/xyouzi/canal/canal.properties:/home/admin/canal-server/conf/canal.properties canal

二、创建canal_client模块(springboot整合使用)

引入相关依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!--mysql-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.otter</groupId>
        <artifactId>canal.client</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

创建application.properties配置文件

# 服务端口
server.port=10000
# 服务名
spring.application.name=canal-client

# 环境设置:dev、test、prod
spring.profiles.active=dev

# mysql数据库连接
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/guli?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

编写canal客户端类

import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnectors;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.*;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message;
import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

@Component
public class CanalClient {

    //sql队列
    private Queue<String> SQL_QUEUE = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();

    @Resource
    private DataSource dataSource;

    /**
     * canal入库方法
     */
    public void run() {

        CanalConnector connector = CanalConnectors.newSingleConnector(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.44.132",
                11111), "example", "", "");
        int batchSize = 1000;
        try {
            connector.connect();
            connector.subscribe(".*\\..*");
            connector.rollback();
            try {
                while (true) {
                    //尝试从master那边拉去数据batchSize条记录,有多少取多少
                    Message message = connector.getWithoutAck(batchSize);
                    long batchId = message.getId();
                    int size = message.getEntries().size();
                    if (batchId == -1 || size == 0) {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } else {
                        dataHandle(message.getEntries());
                    }
                    connector.ack(batchId);

                    //当队列里面堆积的sql大于一定数值的时候就模拟执行
                    if (SQL_QUEUE.size() >= 1) {
                        executeQueueSql();
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } finally {
            connector.disconnect();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 模拟执行队列里面的sql语句
     */
    public void executeQueueSql() {
        int size = SQL_QUEUE.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            String sql = SQL_QUEUE.poll();
            System.out.println("[sql]----> " + sql);

            this.execute(sql.toString());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 数据处理
     *
     * @param entrys
     */
    private void dataHandle(List<Entry> entrys) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        for (Entry entry : entrys) {
            if (EntryType.ROWDATA == entry.getEntryType()) {
                RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
                EventType eventType = rowChange.getEventType();
                if (eventType == EventType.DELETE) {
                    saveDeleteSql(entry);
                } else if (eventType == EventType.UPDATE) {
                    saveUpdateSql(entry);
                } else if (eventType == EventType.INSERT) {
                    saveInsertSql(entry);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 保存更新语句
     *
     * @param entry
     */
    private void saveUpdateSql(Entry entry) {
        try {
            RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
            List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
            for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
                List<Column> newColumnList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();
                StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("update " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " set ");
                for (int i = 0; i < newColumnList.size(); i++) {
                    sql.append(" " + newColumnList.get(i).getName()
                            + " = '" + newColumnList.get(i).getValue() + "'");
                    if (i != newColumnList.size() - 1) {
                        sql.append(",");
                    }
                }
                sql.append(" where ");
                List<Column> oldColumnList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();
                for (Column column : oldColumnList) {
                    if (column.getIsKey()) {
                        //暂时只支持单一主键
                        sql.append(column.getName() + "=" + column.getValue());
                        break;
                    }
                }
                SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
            }
        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 保存删除语句
     *
     * @param entry
     */
    private void saveDeleteSql(Entry entry) {
        try {
            RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
            List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
            for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
                List<Column> columnList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();
                StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("delete from " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " where ");
                for (Column column : columnList) {
                    if (column.getIsKey()) {
                        //暂时只支持单一主键
                        sql.append(column.getName() + "=" + column.getValue());
                        break;
                    }
                }
                SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
            }
        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 保存插入语句
     *
     * @param entry
     */
    private void saveInsertSql(Entry entry) {
        try {
            RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
            List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
            for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
                List<Column> columnList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();
                StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("insert into " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " (");
                for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {
                    sql.append(columnList.get(i).getName());
                    if (i != columnList.size() - 1) {
                        sql.append(",");
                    }
                }
                sql.append(") VALUES (");
                for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {
                    sql.append("'" + columnList.get(i).getValue() + "'");
                    if (i != columnList.size() - 1) {
                        sql.append(",");
                    }
                }
                sql.append(")");
                SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
            }
        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 入库
     * @param sql
     */
    public void execute(String sql) {
        Connection con = null;
        try {
            if(null == sql) return;
            con = dataSource.getConnection();
            QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
            int row = qr.execute(con, sql);
            System.out.println("update: "+ row);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DbUtils.closeQuietly(con);
        }
    }
}

创建启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class CanalApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Resource
    private CanalClient canalClient;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CanalApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {
        //项目启动,执行canal客户端监听
        canalClient.run();
    }
}

测试

本地数据库与服务器的数据库数据表命名都要相同
在虚拟机中数据库添加数据

服务器:
springboot整合canal实现与mysql数据实时同步_第2张图片

本地:
在这里插入图片描述

springboot整合canal实现与mysql数据实时同步_第3张图片

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