一、数据库切换
1、业务环境：
主库：10.100.0.9
备库：10.100.0.18
空闲：10.100.0.201
目的：主库和备库切换。
1、主库操作--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 关闭主库监听
su - oracle
lsnrctl stop（只在主库操作）
1.2 在主库端检查数据库可切换状态
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为TO STANDBY 表示可以正常切换.
SQL>alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为SESSIONS ACTIVE：
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
Database altered.
tailf ORACLE_SID/bdump/alert_$ORACLE_SID.log 查看日志
2、备库操作---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1这时候到备份库 在备库验证可切换状态
sqlplu / as sysdba
SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
2.22.将目标备库转换为主库
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为TO PRIMARY 则:
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为SESSIONS ACTIVE 则:
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
Database altered.
select FILE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME,status from dba_temp_files;
tailf ORACLE_SID/bdump/alert_$ORACLE_SID.log 查看日志
3、修改新备库ip（原主库）----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ping 10.100.0.201
sed -i 's/10.100.0.9/10.100.0.201/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
/etc/init.d/network restart
3.1新主库操作（原备库） 更换ip 此ip 为业务ip
sed -i 's/10.100.0.18/10.100.0.9/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
sed -i 's/10.100.0.18/10.100.0.9/g' $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
/etc/init.d/network restart
4.重启新主库监听（原备库）-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lsnrctl stop
lsntctl start
Sql> shutdown immediate;
Sql> startup;
lsnrctl status 如果一直未注册到监听里面，需手动注册一下
Sql>ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER;
至此可以进行业务测试，最后剩余步骤恢复dg 同步状态
二、剩余步骤恢复dg 同步状态
下面进一步恢复dg
1.修改新主备库tnsname.ora文件 （此文件主备库完全一样）
cat << EOF > $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora.bak
DB_WENDING =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.100.0.18)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = WENDING)
)
)
DB_PHYSTDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.100.0.9)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = PHYSTDBY)
)
)
EOF
2.修改新备库监听文件（原主库）
cat << EOF > $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/oracle10g/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.100.0.9)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
EOF
3、 查看主备 的 /etc/hosts 配置要正确
4，启动新备库库监听 （原主库）
lsnrctl start
重启新备库
Sql>shutdown immediate;
Sql> startup;
5、 新备库执行同步语句
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
6、备库查看主备文件同步情况
select sequence#,dest_id,first_time,next_time,archived,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#
7、主库
set linesize 160 pagesize 999
col destination for a30;
col error for a60;
select status,destination,error from v$archive_dest;
8、主备库都检查
set linesize 160 pagesize 999
col destination for a30;
col error for a60;
select dbid,database_role from varchived_log;
select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log where applied='YES';
9、备库
select process,status,sequence#from v$managed_standby;
10检查新主库脚本
10.1检查rman 备份脚本，以及磁盘挂载目录
10.2检查rman备份监控脚本
备份放在哪台服务器上，监控脚本就放在哪台服务器上。数据量比较大的备份最好放在备库上备份。监控脚本不要放在存储上。
check_rman_backup.sh
10.3检查dg 健康状态脚本
主库是oracle_wending_check.sh
备库是oracle_phystdby_check.sh
有的需要布置check_dg.sh
10.4检查清理归档脚本
主库del_appl_standy_arc_wending.sh
备库del_appl_standy_arc_phystdby.sh
三、新主库启动后如有以下错误，请参考解决方法
一，ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS1' does not exist or of wrong type
Fri Apr 20 21:17:12 2018
解决方法：
SQL> show parameter undo
NAME TYPE VALUE
undo_management string AUTO
undo_retention integer 900
undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS1
SQL> select name from v$tablespace where name like '%UNDO%';
NAME
UNDOTBS3
sql > create pfile from spfile;
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
vi init$ORACLE_SID.ora
修改undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS3
然后startup mount pfile=ORACLE_SID.ora (此处请写绝对路径）
sql > create spfile from pfile;
sql> shutdown immediate;
sql> startup
二，数据库启动后，如应用报如下错误 ORA-01187 ORA-01110，或避免报次错，请预先检查一下临时表空间状态
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME,STATUS from dba_temp_files;
TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME STATUS
TEMP /oradata/ygdb/temp01.dbf AVAILABLE
如果不是AVAILABLE，请执行以下语句
alter tablespace TEMP add tempfile '/oradata/ygdb/temp02.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
alter tablespace TEMP drop tempfile '/oradata/ygdb/temp01.dbf';
SQL> alter database tempfile '/oradata/ccod/temp01.dbf' drop;
alter tablespace TEMP add tempfile '/oradata/ccod/temp01.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;