本文主要讲解mall通过整合SpringSecurity和JWT实现后台用户的登录和授权功能，同时改造Swagger-UI的配置使其可以自动记住登录令牌进行发送。
项目使用框架介绍
SpringSecurity
SpringSecurity是一个强大的可高度定制的认证和授权框架，对于Spring应用来说它是一套Web安全标准。SpringSecurity注重于为Java应用提供认证和授权功能，像所有的Spring项目一样，它对自定义需求具有强大的扩展性。
JWT
JWT是JSON WEB TOKEN的缩写，它是基于 RFC 7519 标准定义的一种可以安全传输的的JSON对象，由于使用了数字签名，所以是可信任和安全的。
JWT的组成
JWT token的格式：header.payload.signature
header中用于存放签名的生成算法
{"alg": "HS512"}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
payload中用于存放用户名、token的生成时间和过期时间
{"sub":"admin","created":1489079981393,"exp":1489684781}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
signature为以header和payload生成的签名，一旦header和payload被篡改，验证将失败
//secret为加密算法的密钥Stringsignature=HMACSHA512(base64UrlEncode(header)+"."+base64UrlEncode(payload),secret)Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
JWT实例
这是一个JWT的字符串
eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImNyZWF0ZWQiOjE1NTY3NzkxMjUzMDksImV4cCI6MTU1NzM4MzkyNX0.d-iki0193X0bBOETf2UN3r3PotNIEAV7mzIxxeI5IxFyzzkOZxS0PGfF_SK6wxCv2K8S0cZjMkv6b5bCqc0VBwCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
可以在该网站上获得解析结果：https://jwt.io/
JWT实现认证和授权的原理
用户调用登录接口，登录成功后获取到JWT的token；
之后用户每次调用接口都在http的header中添加一个叫Authorization的头，值为JWT的token；
后台程序通过对Authorization头中信息的解码及数字签名校验来获取其中的用户信息，从而实现认证和授权。
Hutool
Hutool是一个丰富的Java开源工具包,它帮助我们简化每一行代码，减少每一个方法，mall项目采用了此工具包。
项目使用表说明
ums_admin：后台用户表
ums_role：后台用户角色表
ums_permission：后台用户权限表
ums_admin_role_relation：后台用户和角色关系表，用户与角色是多对多关系
ums_role_permission_relation：后台用户角色和权限关系表，角色与权限是多对多关系
ums_admin_permission_relation：后台用户和权限关系表(除角色中定义的权限以外的加减权限)，加权限是指用户比角色多出的权限，减权限是指用户比角色少的权限
整合SpringSecurity及JWT
在pom.xml中添加项目依赖
添加JWT token的工具类
用于生成和解析JWT token的工具类
相关方法说明：
generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) :用于根据登录用户信息生成token
getUserNameFromToken(String token)：从token中获取登录用户的信息
validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails)：判断token是否还有效
packagecom.macro.mall.tiny.common.utils;importio.jsonwebtoken.Claims;importio.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;importio.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;importorg.slf4j.Logger;importorg.slf4j.LoggerFactory;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;importorg.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;importjava.util.Date;importjava.util.HashMap;importjava.util.Map;/**
* JwtToken生成的工具类
* Created by macro on 2018/4/26.
*/@ComponentpublicclassJwtTokenUtil{privatestaticfinalLoggerLOGGER=LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtTokenUtil.class);privatestaticfinalStringCLAIM_KEY_USERNAME="sub";privatestaticfinalStringCLAIM_KEY_CREATED="created";@Value("${jwt.secret}")privateStringsecret;@Value("${jwt.expiration}")privateLongexpiration;/**
* 根据负责生成JWT的token
*/privateStringgenerateToken(Map
* 从token中获取JWT中的负载
*/privateClaimsgetClaimsFromToken(Stringtoken){Claimsclaims=null;try{claims=Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();}catch(Exceptione){LOGGER.info("JWT格式验证失败:{}",token);}returnclaims;}/**
* 生成token的过期时间
*/privateDategenerateExpirationDate(){returnnewDate(System.currentTimeMillis()+expiration*1000);}/**
* 从token中获取登录用户名
*/publicStringgetUserNameFromToken(Stringtoken){Stringusername;try{Claimsclaims=getClaimsFromToken(token);username=claims.getSubject();}catch(Exceptione){username=null;}returnusername;}/**
* 验证token是否还有效
*
* @param token 客户端传入的token
* @param userDetails 从数据库中查询出来的用户信息
*/publicbooleanvalidateToken(Stringtoken,UserDetailsuserDetails){Stringusername=getUserNameFromToken(token);returnusername.equals(userDetails.getUsername())&&!isTokenExpired(token);}/**
* 判断token是否已经失效
*/privatebooleanisTokenExpired(Stringtoken){DateexpiredDate=getExpiredDateFromToken(token);returnexpiredDate.before(newDate());}/**
* 从token中获取过期时间
*/privateDategetExpiredDateFromToken(Stringtoken){Claimsclaims=getClaimsFromToken(token);returnclaims.getExpiration();}/**
* 根据用户信息生成token
*/publicStringgenerateToken(UserDetailsuserDetails){Map
* 判断token是否可以被刷新
*/publicbooleancanRefresh(Stringtoken){return!isTokenExpired(token);}/**
* 刷新token
*/publicStringrefreshToken(Stringtoken){Claimsclaims=getClaimsFromToken(token);claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_CREATED,newDate());returngenerateToken(claims);}}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
添加SpringSecurity的配置类
packagecom.macro.mall.tiny.config;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.component.JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.component.RestAuthenticationEntryPoint;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.component.RestfulAccessDeniedHandler;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.dto.AdminUserDetails;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsAdmin;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsPermission;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.service.UmsAdminService;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;importorg.springframework.http.HttpMethod;importorg.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;importorg.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;importorg.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;importorg.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;importorg.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;importorg.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;importorg.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;importorg.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;importorg.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;importorg.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;importorg.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;importorg.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;importjava.util.List;/**
* SpringSecurity的配置
* Created by macro on 2018/4/26.
*/@Configuration@EnableWebSecurity@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled=true)publicclassSecurityConfigextendsWebSecurityConfigurerAdapter{@AutowiredprivateUmsAdminServiceadminService;@AutowiredprivateRestfulAccessDeniedHandlerrestfulAccessDeniedHandler;@AutowiredprivateRestAuthenticationEntryPointrestAuthenticationEntryPoint;@Overrideprotectedvoidconfigure(HttpSecurityhttpSecurity)throwsException{httpSecurity.csrf()// 由于使用的是JWT，我们这里不需要csrf.disable().sessionManagement()// 基于token，所以不需要session.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and().authorizeRequests().antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET,// 允许对于网站静态资源的无授权访问"/","/*.html","/favicon.ico","/**/*.html","/**/*.css","/**/*.js","/swagger-resources/**","/v2/api-docs/**").permitAll().antMatchers("/admin/login","/admin/register")// 对登录注册要允许匿名访问.permitAll().antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS)//跨域请求会先进行一次options请求.permitAll()//.antMatchers("/**")//测试时全部运行访问//.permitAll().anyRequest()//除上面外的所有请求全部需要鉴权认证.authenticated();//禁用缓存 httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl();//添加JWT filter httpSecurity.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(),UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);//添加自定义未授权和未登录结果返回 httpSecurity.exceptionHandling().accessDeniedHandler(restfulAccessDeniedHandler).authenticationEntryPoint(restAuthenticationEntryPoint);}@Overrideprotectedvoidconfigure(AuthenticationManagerBuilderauth)throwsException{auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService()).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());}@BeanpublicPasswordEncoderpasswordEncoder(){returnnewBCryptPasswordEncoder();}@BeanpublicUserDetailsServiceuserDetailsService(){//获取登录用户信息returnusername->{UmsAdminadmin=adminService.getAdminByUsername(username);if(admin!=null){List
相关依赖及方法说明
configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity)：用于配置需要拦截的url路径、jwt过滤器及出异常后的处理器；
configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)：用于配置UserDetailsService及PasswordEncoder；
RestfulAccessDeniedHandler：当用户没有访问权限时的处理器，用于返回JSON格式的处理结果；
RestAuthenticationEntryPoint：当未登录或token失效时，返回JSON格式的结果；
UserDetailsService:SpringSecurity定义的核心接口，用于根据用户名获取用户信息，需要自行实现；
UserDetails：SpringSecurity定义用于封装用户信息的类（主要是用户信息和权限），需要自行实现；
PasswordEncoder：SpringSecurity定义的用于对密码进行编码及比对的接口，目前使用的是BCryptPasswordEncoder；
JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter：在用户名和密码校验前添加的过滤器，如果有jwt的token，会自行根据token信息进行登录。
添加RestfulAccessDeniedHandler
packagecom.macro.mall.tiny.component;importcn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.common.api.CommonResult;importorg.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;importorg.springframework.security.web.access.AccessDeniedHandler;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;importjavax.servlet.ServletException;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;importjava.io.IOException;/**
* 当访问接口没有权限时，自定义的返回结果
* Created by macro on 2018/4/26.
*/@ComponentpublicclassRestfulAccessDeniedHandlerimplementsAccessDeniedHandler{@Overridepublicvoidhandle(HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponseresponse,AccessDeniedExceptione)throwsIOException,ServletException{response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");response.setContentType("application/json");response.getWriter().println(JSONUtil.parse(CommonResult.forbidden(e.getMessage())));response.getWriter().flush();}}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
添加RestAuthenticationEntryPoint
packagecom.macro.mall.tiny.component;importcn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.common.api.CommonResult;importorg.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;importorg.springframework.security.web.AuthenticationEntryPoint;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;importjavax.servlet.ServletException;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;importjava.io.IOException;/**
* 当未登录或者token失效访问接口时，自定义的返回结果
* Created by macro on 2018/5/14.
*/@ComponentpublicclassRestAuthenticationEntryPointimplementsAuthenticationEntryPoint{@Overridepublicvoidcommence(HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponseresponse,AuthenticationExceptionauthException)throwsIOException,ServletException{response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");response.setContentType("application/json");response.getWriter().println(JSONUtil.parse(CommonResult.unauthorized(authException.getMessage())));response.getWriter().flush();}}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
添加AdminUserDetails
packagecom.macro.mall.tiny.dto;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsAdmin;importcom.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsPermission;importorg.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;importorg.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;importorg.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;importjava.util.Collection;importjava.util.List;importjava.util.stream.Collectors;/**
* SpringSecurity需要的用户详情
* Created by macro on 2018/4/26.
*/publicclassAdminUserDetailsimplementsUserDetails{privateUmsAdminumsAdmin;privateList
添加JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter
在用户名和密码校验前添加的过滤器，如果请求中有jwt的token且有效，会取出token中的用户名，然后调用SpringSecurity的API进行登录操作。
packagecom.macro.mall.tiny.component;
import com.macro.mall.tiny.common.utils.JwtTokenUtil;
import org.slf4j.Logger;importorg.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;importjava.io.IOException;/**
* JWT登录授权过滤器
* Created by macro on 2018/4/26.
*/publicclassJwtAuthenticationTokenFilterextendsOncePerRequestFilter{privatestaticfinalLoggerLOGGER=LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter.class);@AutowiredprivateUserDetailsServiceuserDetailsService;@AutowiredprivateJwtTokenUtiljwtTokenUtil;@Value("${jwt.tokenHeader}")privateStringtokenHeader;@Value("${jwt.tokenHead}")privateStringtokenHead;@OverrideprotectedvoiddoFilterInternal(HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponseresponse,FilterChainchain)throwsServletException,IOException{StringauthHeader=request.getHeader(this.tokenHeader);if(authHeader!=null&&authHeader.startsWith(this.tokenHead)){StringauthToken=authHeader.substring(this.tokenHead.length());// The part after "Bearer "Stringusername=jwtTokenUtil.getUserNameFromToken(authToken);LOGGER.info("checking username:{}",username);if(username!=null&&SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication()==null){UserDetailsuserDetails=this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);if(jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authToken,userDetails)){UsernamePasswordAuthenticationTokenauthentication=newUsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails,null,userDetails.getAuthorities());authentication.setDetails(newWebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));LOGGER.info("authenticated user:{}",username);SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);}}}chain.doFilter(request,response);}}