Hive共有三种安装模式：1.单用户模式（本地模式、嵌入模式）；2.本地MySQL模式；3.远程MySQL模式。三者的区别是：1.单用户模式是本地模式的一种，它的元信息存储在hive自带的Derby数据库中，同一时刻只能为一个用户提供服务，功能是用于测试hive程序；2.本地MySQL模式的元信息存储在本地MySQL中，同一时刻可以为多个用户提供服务，功能是用于开发测试hive程序；3.远程MySQL模式的元信息存储在远程MySQL中，同一时刻可以为多个用户提供服务，功能是用于实际生产环境。本节首先来介绍一下Hive的远程MySQL模式的搭建过程。
本节用到的安装介质：
mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz 提取码：mdl7
apache-hive-3.1.0-bin.tar.gz 提取码：993d
1. Linux环境准备
5台主机，关闭防火墙、设置IP地址、hostname、hosts、配置两两之间的秘钥认证。
MySQL服务器：
bigdata 192.168.126.110
Hadoop集群：
master 192.168.126.111
slave1 192.168.126.112
slave2 192.168.126.113
slave3 192.168.126.114
Hive:
master 192.168.126.111
注：Hive只是Hadoop之上的一个应用程序，只需要安装在master节点上即可，不需要分发给slave1和slave2。
2.安装MySQL
在bigdata节点上安装MySQL。
安装mysql客户端：
[root@bigdata ~]# yum -y install mysql
安装mysql服务器端：
[root@bigdata ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
注：这里如果提示“没有可用软件包 mysql-server。”，可以参考以下文章解决：《MySQL常见问题汇总》
启动mysql服务器：
[root@bigdata ~]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
根据提示也可以使用命令：
systemctl start mysqld.service
设置mysql管理员密码：
[root@bigdata ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
测试登录是否成功：
[root@bigdata ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.39 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
授权root用户：
mysql> grant all privileges on . to root@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on . to root@'bigdata' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on . to root@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
3.上传Hive安装包
上传hive安装包到master节点：
[root@master tools]# pwd
/root/tools
[root@master tools]# ls
apache-hive-3.1.0-bin.tar.gz
4.解压Hive安装包
将hive安装包解压到安装目录/root/trainings/：
[root@master tools]# tar -zxvf apache-hive-3.1.0-bin.tar.gz -C /root/trainings/
5. 修改Hive配置文件
[root@master conf]# pwd
/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/conf
[root@master conf]# echo $HADOOP_HOME
/root/trainings/hadoop-2.7.3
编辑hive-env.sh配置文件：分别设置HADOOP_HOME和HIVE_CONF_DIR两个值
[root@master conf]# cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
[root@master conf]# vim hive-env.sh
HADOOP_HOME=/root/trainings/hadoop-2.7.3
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/conf
export HIVE_AUX_JARS=/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/lib
创建以下目录备用
创建HDFS上的目录：
[root@master ~]# hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /hive/warehouse
创建本地的目录：
[root@master ~]# cd /root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/
[root@master apache-hive-3.1.0-bin]# mkdir logs
[root@master apache-hive-3.1.0-bin]# mkdir tmpdir
编辑hive-site.xml配置文件：
[root@master conf]# cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
[root@master conf]# vim hive-site.xml
修改如下配置(加粗斜体文字就是上面建的目录)：
hive.metastore.warehouse.dir
/hive/warehouse
location of default database for the warehouse
hive.querylog.location
/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/logs
Location of Hive run time structured log file
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL
jdbc:mysql://bigdata:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true
JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
Driver class name for a JDBC metastore
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName
root
Username to use against metastore database
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword
123456
password to use against metastore database
hive.metastore.schema.verification
false
datanucleus.schema.autoCreateAll
true
新增两个配置：
system:java.io.tmpdir
/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/tmpdir
template directory
system:user.name
root
user name
6. 加载MySQL连接器
[root@master tools]# ls
mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz
解压MySQL连接工具：
[root@master tools]# tar -zxvf mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz
复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.46-bin.jar到hive的lib目录下：
[root@master tools]# cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.46/mysql-connector-java-5.1.46-bin.jar
/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/lib/
7.设置环境变量
将HIVE_HOME加入到环境变量PATH中：
[root@master ~]# vim /root/.bash_profile
追加下面内容：
HIVE_HOME=/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/
export HIVE_HOME
PATH=$HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
使环境变量生效：
[root@master ~]# source /root/.bash_profile
8.初始化元数据库
这一步是可选的：因为第一次启动hive会根据配置自动初始化元数据库，如果启动hive出现问题没有成功初始化元数据库，可执行下面语句手动初始化元数据库。
[root@master ~]# schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
9.启动Hive
确保Hadoop已启动：
[root@master ~]# jps
1492 NameNode
2836 Jps
1766 ResourceManager
[root@slave1 ~]# jps
1379 NodeManager
1588 Jps
1318 DataNode
[root@slave2 ~]# jps
1585 Jps
1314 DataNode
1375 NodeManager
确保Master可以远程访问MySQL：
[root@master ~]# mysql -h bigdata -P3306 -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 69
Server version: 5.6.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit;
Bye
启动Hive：
[root@master ~]# hive
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/root/trainings/hbase-2.0.1/lib/slf4j-log4j12->1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl->2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/root/trainings/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12->1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl->2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/root/trainings/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12->1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Hive Session ID = f45812f8-d2a2-4453-8560-091c946f8ce7Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/root/trainings/apache-hive-3.1.0-bin/lib/hive-common->3.1.0.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive Session ID = f7f27432-9f79-4f1c-932f-2c075e3f3291
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a >different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive>
注：如果启动过程中出错，请参考下面文章解决：
www.linux-man.com/archives/464
由于是多用户模式，可以有多个用户同时登录。
至此，Hive的远程MySQL模式开发环境已经搭建完成，祝你玩的愉快！