四级翻译热点词汇
文化类
1.阴历: lunar calendar
2.阳历: solar calendar
3.春节: the Spring Festival
4.除夕: Chinese New Year’s Eve
5.清明节: Tomb Sweeping Day
6.重阳节: the Double Ninth Festival
7.腊八节: the Laba Festival
8.元宵节: the Lantern Festival
9.劳动节: International Labour Day
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中秋节: the Mid-Autumn Festival
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端午节: the Dragon Boat Festival
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乞巧节（七夕节）: Double-Seventh Day
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法定节日: legal/statutory holiday
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春联: Spring Festival couplets; Lunar New Year couplets
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年画：Spring Festival picture； New Year picture
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剪纸：paper-cut; scissor-cut
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红包: red packet
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舞狮：lion dance
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舞龙: dragon dance
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灯笼: lantern
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灯谜: riddles written on a lantern
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灯会:lantern show/festival
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压岁钱:gift money
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祭祖宗:offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors
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元宵:sweet dumplings
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踩高跷:walk on stilts
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扫墓:sweep a grave-pay tribute to a dead person at his tomb
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扭秧歌:do the yangge dance
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赛龙舟:dragon boat race
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月饼: moon cake
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赏月：appreciate the glorious full moon; enjoy a bright full moon
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毛笔：Chinese writing brush
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书法：calligraphy
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楷体：formal/regular script
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行书：running script/hand
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风水：geomantic omen
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闰年：leap/intercalary year
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十二生肖：Chinese zodiac
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庙会：fair; temple fair
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放爆竹：let/set off firecrackers
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守岁：stay up later or all night on the New Year’s Eve
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拜年：pay a New Year visit
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团圆饭：family reunion dinner
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京剧：Peking opera; Beijing opera
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秦腔：Shaanxi opera
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功夫：kung fu
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太极：Tai Chi
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口技ventriloquism; vocal mimicry/ imitation
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木偶戏：puppet show
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皮影戏：shadow play
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折子戏：highlights from operas
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杂技：acrobatics
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相声：comic dialogue; crosstalk
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刺绣：embroidery
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苏绣：Suzhou embroidery
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泥人：clay figure
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中国画：traditional Chinese painting
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水墨画：wash painting
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中国结：traditional Chinese knot
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中国古代四大发明：the four great inventions of ancient China
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火药：gunpowder
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印刷术：printing
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造纸术：paper making technology
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指南针：compass
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青铜器：bronze ware
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瓷器：porcelain; china(ware)
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唐三彩：tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty; Tang tri-colour
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景泰蓝：cloisonne
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秋千：swing
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武术：martial arts
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旗袍：cheongsam
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中山装：Chinese tunic suit
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唐装：Tang suit; attire of traditional Chinese style
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儒家思想：Confucianism
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儒家文化：Confucian culture
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道教：Taoism
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墨家：Mohist school
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法家：Legalist school
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佛教：Buddhism
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孔子：Confucius
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孟子：Mencius
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老子：Lao Tzu
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庄子：Chuang Tzu
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孙子：Sun Tzu
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墨子：Mo Tzu
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象形文字：pictographic characters; pictograph
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文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)：four treasures of the study (writing brush, ink stick, ink slab and paper)
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《大学》：The Great Learning
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《中庸》：The Doctrine of the Mean
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《论语》：The Analects of Confucius
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《孟子》：The Mencius
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《孙子兵法》：The Art of War
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《三国演义》：The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
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《西游记》：Journey to the West
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《红楼梦》：A Dream in Red Mansions
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《水浒传》：Water Margin
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《山海经》：The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
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《资治通鉴》：History as a Mirror
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《春秋》：The Spring and Autumn Annals
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《史记》：Historical Records
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《诗经》：The Book of Songs
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《易经》：The Book of Changes
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《礼记》：The Book of Rites
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《三字经》：Three-Character Scriptures
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八股文：eight-part essay
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五言绝句：pentasyllabic quatrain
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七言律诗：heptasyllabic regulated verse
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山东菜：Shandong cuisine
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川菜：Sichuan cuisine
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粤菜：Cantonese cuisine
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扬州菜：Yangzhou cuisine
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年糕：New Year cake
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油条：deep-fried twisted dough sticks
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豆浆：soya milk
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馒头：steamed bun
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花卷：steamed twisted roll
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包子：steamed stuffed bun
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北京烤鸭：roast Beijing duck
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拉面：hand-stretched noodles
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馄饨：wonton
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豆腐：tofu
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麻花：fried dough twist
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烧饼：sesame seed cake
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皮蛋：preserved duck egg
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蛋炒饭：rice fried with eggs
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糖葫芦：sugar-coated haws on a stick
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火锅：hotpot
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长城：the Great Wall
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烽火台：beacon tower
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秦始皇陵：Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
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兵马俑：Terracotta Army
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大雁塔：Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
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丝绸之路：the Silk Road
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莫高窟：Mogao Grottoes
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华清池：Huaqing Hot Spring
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五台山：Mount Wutai
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九华山：Mount Jiuhua
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峨眉山：Mount Emei
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泰山：Mount Tai
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黄山：Mount Huang
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故宫：the Imperial Palace
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天坛：the Temple of Heaven
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午门：the Meridian Gate
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大运河：the Grand Canal
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护城河：city moat
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回音壁：the Echo Wall
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居庸关：Juyongguan Pass
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九龙壁：the Nine Dragon Wall
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黄帝陵：the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor
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苏州园林：Suzhou garden
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西湖：West Lake
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九寨沟：Jiuzhaigou Valley
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日月潭：Riyuetan Lake; Sun Moon Lake
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布达拉宫：Potala Palace
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鼓楼：drum tower
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四合院：quadrangle dwelling
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孔庙：Confucian temple
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乐山大佛：Leshan Giant Buddha
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十八罗汉：the eighteen arhats
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喇嘛：Lama
政治类
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新思想：new thought
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新常态：new normal
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新增长目标：new growth target
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新反腐模式：new anti-corruption model
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民生：people’s livelihood
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扶贫：poverty alleviation
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国防：national defense
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改革开放40周年：40 years of reform and opening up
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中国梦：the Chinese Dream
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人类命运共同体：a community with shared future for humanity
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五位一体：economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress
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四个全面：the four-pronged comprehensive strategy
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一带一路：the Belt and Road Initiative
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文化自信：cultural confidence
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获得感：sense of benefit
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成就感：sense of achievement
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城市群：city cluster
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低碳城市：low-carbon cities
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智能制造：intelligent manufacturing
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中国制造2025：Made in China 2025
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工匠精神：craftsmanship spirit
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中国天眼：500米口径球面射电望远镜：China’s Eye of Heaven：The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope ( FAST)
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国产航母：domestically built aircraft carrier
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国产客机：homemade passenger jet
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数字家庭：digital homes
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数字经济：digital economy
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人工智能：artificial intelligence
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第五代移动通信5G：mobile communications
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自媒体：We-Media
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自贸试验区：pilot free trade zones
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医疗改革：medical reform
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国内生产总值：Gross Domestic Product(GDP)
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居民消费价格：Consumer Price Index(CPI)
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税收减免：tax reduction and exemption
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去产能：reducing excess capacity
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房地产去库存：reducing real estate inventory
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供给侧结构性改革：supply-side structural reform
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补短板：strengthening areas of weakness
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生态保护红线：ecological wealth
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蓝色经济：blue economy
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绿色发展：green development
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纵向横向经济轴带：north-south and east-west intersecting economic belts
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全球伙伴关系网：global partnership network
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利益共同体：community of shared interests
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无现金支付：cashless payment
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扫脸支付：face scan payment
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二维码支付：two-dimensional barcode payment
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点赞：give a like
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虚拟现实：virtual reality
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宜居城市：habitable city
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分享经济：sharing economy
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互联网金融：online finance
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提现：cash withdrawal
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金融科技：fintech
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一小时通勤圈：one-hour commuting circle
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智能制造：smart manufacturing
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需求侧管理：demand-size regulation
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逆全球化：deglobalization
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网络直播：live streaming
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薪酬改革：salary reform
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副中心：subcenter
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网红经济：internet celebrity economy
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网络空间命运共同体：community of shared future in cyberspace
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网络侵权：internet copyright infringement
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养老服务：elderly care service
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人道主义支援：humanitarian relief
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可载人无人机：passenger-carrying drone
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可替代能源汽车：alternative energy vehicle
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京津冀一体化：Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration
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清洁能源：clean energy
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带薪休假：paid leave
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非物质文化遗产：intangible cultural heritage
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城际高铁：inter-city high-speed rail
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城市住房公积金：urban housing fund
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城乡一体化：rural-urban integration
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创新型政府：pro-innovation government
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出口关税：export duty
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互联网+：Internet Plus
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冬奥会：Olympic Winter Games
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二孩经济：second-child economy
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房产税：property tax
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分级医疗制度：hierarchical medical system
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跨越式发展：leapfrog development
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个人信用记录：personal credit records
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过度包装：excessive packaging
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互联网保险：online insurance
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互联网从业者：internet professional
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饥饿营销：hunger marketing
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积分落户制度：points-based hukou system
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基层社区：grassroots community
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实名认证：real-name authentication
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年度考核：annual assessment
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企业文化：corporate culture
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创新型人才：innovative talent
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人脸识别：facial identification
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代驾服务业：designated driver business
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交易费：transaction fee
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跟团游：package tour
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自由行：independent travel
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免税店：duty-free store
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一个中国原则：the one-China principle
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与时俱进：keep pace with the times
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综合国力：overall national strength
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共同愿望：common desire
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“走出去”战略：going global
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不结盟：non-alignment
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单边主义：unilateralism
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多边政策：multilateralism
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多极世界：multipolar world
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人口老龄化：aging of population
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人口出生率：birth rate
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社区服务：community service
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道德法庭：court of ethics
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盗用公款：embezzlement
经济类
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市场经济：market economy
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计划经济：planned economy
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可持续发展战略：strategy of sustainable development
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消费观：consumption concept
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改革开放：reform and opening up
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经济特区：special economic zone
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社会主义市场经济：socialist market economy
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合作论坛：Cooperation Forum
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资本主义：capitalism
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证券市场：stock market
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总需求：aggregate demand
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总供给：aggregate supply
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企业形象：corporate image; enterprise image
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跨国公司：cross-national /multinational /transnational corporation
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创业精神：enterprising/pioneering spirit
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外资企业：foreign-funded/foreign-owned enterprise
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猎头公司：head hunter; headhunting company
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假日经济：holiday economy
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人力资本：human capital
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航空和航天工业：aerospace industry
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飞机制造工业：aircraft industry
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电子工业：electronic industry
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汽车制作工业：car industry
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信息产业：information industry
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知识密集型产业：knowledge-intensive industry
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国有大中型企业：large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises
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轻工业：light industry
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博彩业：lottery/gambling industry
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制造业：manufacturing industry
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垄断行业：monopoly industry
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市场多元化：market diversification
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市场监督：market supervision
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购买力：purchasing power
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熊市：bear market
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牛市：bull market
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城镇化：urbanization
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房地产：real estate
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首付：down-payment
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个人购房贷款：individual housing loan
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经济全球化：economic globalization
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经济特区：special economic zones(SEZ)
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经济增长：economic growth
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泡沫经济：bubble economy
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关税：tariff
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纳税人：taxpayer
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宏观经济：macro economy
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货币投放量：the size of money supply
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流动性过剩：excess liquidity
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经济过热：overheated economy
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小康水平：comparatively well-off level
教育类
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义务教育：compulsory education
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教育部：Ministry of Education
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职业学校：vocational school
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大学文凭：university diploma
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高等教育：higher education
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留守儿童：left-behind children
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偏远地区：remote area
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课外班：extracurricular classes
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应届生：fresh graduate
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乡村教师：rural teachers
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启发式教学：heuristic teaching
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人才交流：talent exchange
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人才战：competition for talented people
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商务英语证书：Business English Certificate(BEC)
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适龄儿童入学率：enrollment rate for schools of school age
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升学率：proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade
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成人夜校：night school for adults
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在职进修班：om-the-job training course; in-service training course
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政治思想教育：political and ideological education
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毕业生分配：graduate placement; assignment of graduate
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充电：update one’s knowledge
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初等教育：elementary/primary education
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大学城：college town
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大学社区：college community
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高等教育“211”工程：the “211 project” for higher education
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高等学府：institution of higher learning
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综合性大学：comprehensive university
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文科院校：college of (liberal) arts
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理工科大学：university of science and engineering
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师范：teacher-training school; normal school
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高分低能：high scores and low abilities
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高考：college entrance examination
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高校扩招：the college expansion plan
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教育界：education circle
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教育投入：educational input
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考研：take examination for a graduate programme
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课外活动：extracurricular activities
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必修课：required/compulsory course
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选修课：elective/optional course
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基础课：basic courses; foundation course
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专业课：specialized course
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课程表：school schedule/timetable
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教学大纲：teaching programme; syllabus
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学习年限：period of schooling
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学历：record of formal schooling
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学分：(course) credit
科技类
1 纺车：spinning wheel
2 蒸汽机动车：steam engine
3 发明专利：patent of invention
4 创新精神：creative spirit
5 设计创意：design creativity
6 工业革命：industrial revolution
7 信息技术：information technology
8 创新成果：innovation achievement
9 高速列车：high-speed train
10 导航系统：navigation system
11 能源消耗：energy consumption
12 可替代燃料：alternative fuel
13 科学探索：scientific exploration
14 电子设备：electronic equipment
15 造福人类：bring benefit to mankind
16 试验田：experiment plot/field
健康类
1 糖尿病：diabetes
2 肥胖症：obesity
3 肺炎：pneumonia
4 禁烟令：smoking bans
5 无偿献血：donate blood
6 营养不良：malnutrition
7 体检：physical examination
8 均衡的饮食：a well-balanced diet
9 中医：traditional Chinese medicine
10 医疗保健：preventive medical and healthcare
安全类
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雾霾：fog and haze
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核泄漏：nuclear leak
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热带风暴：tropical storm
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病毒携带者：virus carrier
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救灾工作：rescue/relief effort
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安全保障措施：safety precaution
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交通安全：traffic/road safety
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泥石流：mud-slide; debris flow
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受灾地区：stricken/afflicted area
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环境污染：environment pollution
体育类
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田径：track and field
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举重：weightlifting
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击剑：fencing
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赛艇：rowing
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射箭：archery; toxophily
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锦标赛；冠军赛：championship; tournament
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奥运会：the Olympic Games
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纪录保持者：record holder
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申办城市：the bidding city
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开幕式：opening ceremony