在django中,ORM(对象关系映射器—object-relational mapper)任务是：模型化数据库，创建数据库由另外一个系统负责（迁移–migration），迁移任务是根据对models.py文件的改动情况，添加或者删除表和列
依然报错:
models.py
from django.db import models class Item(models.Model): text=models.TextField(default='')
tests.py
'''from django.test import TestCase
# Create your tests here.
class Smokeclass(TestCase):
def test_bad_maths(self):
self.assertEquals(1+1,3)'''''
from django.urls import resolve
from django.test import TestCase
from lists.views import home_page
from django.http import HttpRequest
from lists.models import Item
class HomePageTest(TestCase):
def test_root_url_resolve_to_home_page_view(self):
found=resolve('/')
# resolve函数是django内部使用的函数，用于解析url，
# 并且将其映射到相应的视图函数上，检查网站根路径时"/"，
# 是否能找到home_page函数
self.assertEquals(found.func,home_page)
def test_home_page_returns_correct_html(self):
request=HttpRequest()
# 创建httprequest对象，用户在浏览器中请求网页时
# django看到的就是httprequest对象
response=home_page(request)
# 把对象传给home_page视图
html=response.content.decode('utf8')
# 提取content，得到结果是原始的字节，即发个用户
# 浏览器的0和1，随后调用.decode(),把原始字节
# 转换成发给用户的html字符串
self.assertTrue(html.startswith(''))
self.assertIn('To-Do lists ',html)
self.assertTrue(html.endswith('))
self.assertTemplateUsed(response,'home.html')
def test_user_home_template(self):
response=self.client.get('/')
self.assertTemplateUsed(response,'home.html')
def test_can_save_a_POST_request(self):
response=self.client.post('/',data={'item_text':'a new list item'})
self.assertIn('a new list item',response.content.decode())
self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'home.html')
class ItemModelTest(TestCase):
def test_saving_and_retrieving_items(self):
first_item=Item()
first_item.text="the first list item"
first_item.save()
second_item = Item()
second_item.text = "the second list item"
second_item.save()
saved_items=Item.objects.all()
self.assertEquals(saved_items.count(),2)
first_saved_item=saved_items[0]
second_saved_item=saved_items[1]
self.assertEquals(first_saved_item.text,'the first list item')
self.assertEquals(second_saved_item.text, 'the second list item')
python manage.py makemigrations
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