Git常用命令

Git常用命令

Git 常用命令

1 设置用户签名
1）基本语法
git config --global user.name 用户名
git config --global user.email 邮箱
2）案例实操
全局范围的签名设置：

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git config --global user.name Layne 
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git config --global user.email [email protected] 
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ cat ~/.gitconfig 
[user] 
name = Layne 
email = [email protected] 

说明：
签名的作用是区分不同操作者身份。用户的签名信息在每一个版本的提交信息中能够看到，以此确认本次提交是谁做的。Git 首次安装必须设置一下用户签名，否则无法提交代码。
※注意：这里设置用户签名和将来登录 GitHub（或其他代码托管中心）的账号没有任何关系。
2 初始化本地库
1）基本语法
git init
2）案例实操

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 
$ git init 
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/Git-Space/SH0720/.git/ 
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ ll -a 
total 4 
drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 ./ 
drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 ../ 
drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 .git/ （.git 初始化的效果，生成 git） 

3）结果查看
3 查看本地库状态
1）基本语法
git status
2）案例实操
3.1 首次查看（工作区没有任何文件）

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git status 
On branch master 
No commits yet 
nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track) 

3.2 新增文件（hello.txt）

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ vim hello.txt 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 

3.3 再次查看（检测到未追踪的文件）

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git status 
On branch master 
No commits yet 
Untracked files: 
(use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed) 
hello.txt 
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" 
to track) 

4 添加暂存区
4.1 将工作区的文件添加到暂存区
1）基本语法
git add 文件名
2）案例实操

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git add hello.txt 
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt. 
The file will have its original line endings in your working 
directory. 

4.2 查看状态（检测到暂存区有新文件）

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git status 
On branch master 
No commits yet 
Changes to be committed: 
(use "git rm --cached ..." to unstage) 
new file: hello.txt 

5 提交本地库
5.1 将暂存区的文件提交到本地库
1）基本语法
git commit -m “日志信息” 文件名
2）案例实操

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git commit -m "my first commit" hello.txt 
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt. 
The file will have its original line endings in your working 
directory. 
[master (root-commit) 86366fa] my first commit 
1 file changed, 16 insertions(+) 
create mode 100644 hello.txt 

5.2 查看状态（没有文件需要提交）

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git status 
On branch master 
nothing to commit, working tree clean 

6 修改文件（hello.txt）

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ vim hello.txt 
hello git! hello atguigu! 2222222222222 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu!

6.1 查看状态（检测到工作区有文件被修改）

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git status 
On branch master 
Changes not staged for commit: 
(use "git add ..." to update what will be committed) 
(use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working 
directory) 
modified: hello.txt 
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") 

6.2 将修改的文件再次添加暂存区

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git add hello.txt 
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt. 
The file will have its original line endings in your working 
directory. 

6.3 查看状态（工作区的修改添加到了暂存区）

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git status 
On branch master 
Changes to be committed: 
(use "git reset HEAD ..." to unstage) 
modified: hello.txt 

7 历史版本
7.1 查看历史版本
1）基本语法
git reflog 查看版本信息
git log 查看版本详细信息
2）案例实操

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git reflog 
087a1a7 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: my third commit 
ca8ded6 HEAD@{1}: commit: my second commit 
86366fa HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): my first commit 
7.2 版本穿梭 

1）基本语法
git reset --hard 版本号
2）案例实操
–首先查看当前的历史记录，可以看到当前是在 087a1a7 这个版本

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git reflog 
087a1a7 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: my third commit 
ca8ded6 HEAD@{1}: commit: my second commit 
86366fa HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): my first commit 

–切换到 86366fa 版本，也就是我们第一次提交的版本

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git reset --hard 86366fa 
HEAD is now at 86366fa my first commit 

–切换完毕之后再查看历史记录，当前成功切换到了 86366fa 版本

Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master) 
$ git reflog 
86366fa (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 86366fa 
087a1a7 HEAD@{1}: commit: my third commit 
ca8ded6 HEAD@{2}: commit: my second commit 
86366fa (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{3}: commit (initial): my first commit 

–然后查看文件 hello.txt，发现文件内容已经变化

$ cat hello.txt 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu! 
hello git! hello atguigu!