CREATE DATABASE database-name
drop database dbname
创建 备份数据的 device
USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat'
开始 备份
BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack
create table tabname(col1type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)
根据已有的表创建新表:
createtable tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)
create table tab_new asselect col1,col2… from tab_old definition only
drop table tabname
Alter table tabname addcolumn col type
注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。
Alter table tabname add primary key(col)
删除主键:
Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)
create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)
删除索引:
dropindex idxname
注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。
create view viewname as select statement
删除视图:
drop viewviewname
选择:select * from table1 where 范围
插入:insert into table1(field1,field2)values(value1,value2)
删除:delete from table1 where 范围
更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
查找:select * fromtable1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料!
排序:select *from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
总数:select count astotalcount from table1
求和:selectsum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
平均:selectavg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
最大:selectmax(field1) as maxvalue from table1
最小:selectmin(field1) as minvalue from table1
A: UNION 运算符
UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。
B: EXCEPT运算符
EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时(EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。
C:INTERSECT 运算符
INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL),不消除重复行。
注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。
A、left (outer) join:
左外连接(左连接):结果集几包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
B:right (outer) join:
右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。
C:full/cross(outer) join:
全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。
一张表,一旦分组 完成后,查询后只能得到组相关的信息。
组相关的信息:(统计信息) count,sum,max,min,avg 分组的标准)
在SQLServer中分组时:不能以text,ntext,image类型的字段作为分组依据
在selecte统计函数中的字段,不能和普通的字段放在一起;
分离数据库:sp_detach_db;
附加数据库:sp_attach_db 后接表明,附加需要完整的路径名
sp_renamedb 'old_name', 'new_name'
(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b)(Access可用)
法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1(仅用于SQlServer)
法二:select top 0 * into b from a
(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b)(Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c)select d,e,f from b;
(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c)select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’where 条件
例子:..from b in'"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb"&"' where..
select a,b,c from a wherea IN (select d from b ) 或者:select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)
selecta.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate fromtable where table.title=a.title) b
select a.a, a.b, a.c,b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
select * from (SELECTa,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;
select * from table1where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2
select * from table1where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)
delete from table1 wherenot exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )
select * from a leftinner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.dwhere .....
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段
具体实现:
关于数据库分页:
declare @startint,@end int
@sql nvarchar(600)
set @sql=’select top’+str(@end-@start+1)+’+from T where ridnot in(select top’+str(@str-1)+’Rid from T where Rid>-1)’
exec sp_executesql@sql
注意:在top后不能直接跟一个变量,所以在实际应用中只有这样的进行特殊的处理。Rid为一个标识列,如果top后还有具体的字段,这样做是非常有好处的。因为这样可以避免 top的字段如果是逻辑索引的,查询的结果后实际表中的不一致(逻辑索引中的数据有可能和数据表中的不一致,而查询时如果处在索引则首先查询索引)
select top 10 * formtable1 where 范围
类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等。
select a,b,cfrom tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb wheretb.b=ta.b)
(select a from tableA )except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
select newid()
1),delete from tablenamewhere id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)
2),selectdistinct * into temp from tablename
delete from tablename
insert into tablename select * from temp
评价:这种操作牵连大量的数据的移动,这种做法不适合大容量但数据操作
3),例如:在一个外部表中导入数据,由于某些原因第一次只导入了一部分,但很难判断具体位置,这样只有在下一次全部导入,这样也就产生好多重复的字段,怎样删除重复字段
alter table tablename
--添加一个自增列
add column_b intidentity(1,1)
delete from tablename where column_b not in(
select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,...)
alter table tablename drop column column_b
select name fromsysobjects where type='U' // U代表用户
select name fromsyscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')
select type,sum(casevender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type
显示结果:
type vender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3
TRUNCATE TABLE table1
select top 5 * from(select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc
在SQL语句组合时用的较多
“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选,
如:
if @strWhere !=''
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' +@strWhere
end
else
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']'
end
我们可以直接写成
错误!未找到目录项。
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere
--重建索引
DBCC REINDEX
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
--收缩数据和日志
DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE
dbccshrinkdatabase(dbname)
execsp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'
go
RESTORE VERIFYONLY fromdisk='E:\dvbbs.bak'
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs]SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
@MaxMinutes INT,
@NewSize INT
USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名
SELECT @LogicalFileName ='tablename_log', -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)
Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
SELECT @OriginalSize = size
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize)+ ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024))+ 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
CREATE TABLE DummyTrans
(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)
DECLARE @Counter INT,
@StartTime DATETIME,
@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)
SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(),
@TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' +db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'
DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has notexpired
AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT sizeFROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName)
AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) >@NewSize
BEGIN -- Outer loop.
SELECT @Counter = 0
WHILE ((@Counter <@OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
BEGIN -- update
INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('FillLog') DELETE DummyTrans
SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1
END
EXEC (@TruncLog)
END
SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8Kpages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024))+ 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
DROP TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF
exec sp_changeobjectowner'tablename','dbo'
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS
DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR
select 'Name' = name,
'Owner' = user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name
OPEN curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
if @Owner=@OldOwner
begin
set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)
exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END
close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO
declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
insert into test (userid) values(@i)
set @i=@i+1
end
案例:
有如下表,要求就裱中所有沒有及格的成績,在每次增長0.1的基礎上,使他們剛好及格:
Name score
Zhangshan 80
Lishi 59
Wangwu 50
Songquan 69
while((selectmin(score) from tb_table)<60)
begin
updatetb_table set score =score*1.01
where score<60
if (select min(score)from tb_table)>60
break
else
continue
end
Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as //从少到多
select encrypt('原始密码')
select pwdencrypt('原始密码')
select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码')= 1--相同;否则不相同 encrypt('原始密码')
select pwdencrypt('原始密码')
select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码')= 1--相同;否则不相同
declare @listvarchar(1000),
@sql nvarchar(1000)
select @list=@list+','+b.name from sysobjects a,syscolumns b wherea.id=b.id and a.name='表A'
set @sql='select '+right(@list,len(@list)-1)+'from 表A'
exec (@sql)
EXEC master..xp_fixeddrives
if (selectchecksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from A)
=
(select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from B)
print '相等'
else
print '不相等'
DECLARE hcforeach CURSORGLOBAL FOR SELECT 'kill '+RTRIM(spid) FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses
WHERE program_name IN('SQL profiler',N'SQL 事件探查器')
EXEC sp_msforeach_worker '?'
开头到N条记录
Select Top N * From 表
-------------------------------
N到M条记录(要有主索引ID)
Select Top M-N * From 表 Where ID in (Select Top M IDFrom 表) Order by ID Desc
----------------------------------
N到结尾记录
Select Top N * From 表 Order by ID Desc
案例
例如1:一张表有一万多条记录,表的第一个字段 RecID 是自增长字段,写一个SQL语句, 找出表的第31到第40个记录。
selecttop 10 recid from A where recid not in(select top 30 recid from A)
分析:如果这样写会产生某些问题,如果recid在表中存在逻辑索引。
selecttop 10 recid from A where……是从索引中查找,而后面的select top 30 recidfrom A则在数据表中查找,这样由于索引中的顺序有可能和数据表中的不一致,这样就导致查询到的不是本来的欲得到的数据。