通过100个单词掌握英语语法(三)am/is/are

am/is/are
(1)实义动词(也叫主要动词或词汇动词),连接两个概念:Emma is a
  teacher. The eggs are in the fridge.
(2)助动词: I'm doing my homework. Coffee is produced in Colombia.
注意：动词be在现在时里的各种形式
            单数                 复数
第一人称    I am(I'm)            We are(We're) 
第二人称            you are(you're)
第三人称    he is(he's)
            she is (she's)       they are(they're)
            it is(it's)

语法结构
(主要动词)
1 名词短语 | + am/is/are | + 名词短语/形容词/介词/副词
  Warsaw is the capital of Poland.
  Are you well?
  I'm in the shower.
  The neighbour's lights aren't on.
  给出有关主语的更多信息,如人物、事件、地点、时间或方式

(助动词) 
2  名词短语 | + am/is/are | + -ing
   Kate is watching TV.
   The nights are getting colder,aren't they?
   Whenever we go to Bilbao it is raining.
   谈论目前正在进行的事情--可以是现在，或者这一段时间，也可以是非常
   泛泛地谈论。(这种结构叫做现在进行时。)
   I am flying to Athens next week.
   When are you seeing Aurelio?
   谈论将来的安排.

3  名词短语 | + am/is/are |  + 带to的不定式
   Talks are to begin next week in Washington.
   谈论将来安排的一种比较正式的说法、强调其确定性。

4  名词短语 | + am/is/are |  + 过去分词
   Where is Catalan spoken?
   Towels are not provided.
   I'm often asked that question.
   谈论现在发生的事情，且无需提及施动者。(这种结构叫做一般现在时的
   被动语态。)
   
  
搭配
口语中最常用于语法结构4(被动语态)的一些动词有：do,make,call,put,give,take,use和tell。
   The laundry is done on Fridays.
   What is a cash-dispenser called in French?
  
技术和学术性文章中最常用于被动语态(包括所有时态)的一些动词有:make,give,use,find,
see,take,do,call和say。
   Most light switches are made from white plastic.
   A Petri dish is used for cultivating bacteria.

最常用于语法结构4(被动语态)的副词有:now,also,well,still,actually和often。
   Rhodesia is now called Zimbabwe.
   Alligators are also found in China.
   The kitchen sink is still blocked.

固定短语

  'are you (still) there ?' 你在听吗?
  ...and so I was saying to Brenda ... Are you there?
  ~Yes,yes,I'm listening.Go on.
  打电话时的用语.

   'Where are you ?'  你在哪?
   Hi. ~Where are you ? ~ I'm on the train.
   手机通话时常常问起的问题.

   'Where are you from ?' 你是哪里人?
   Where are you from ? ~ Well,I was born in England,but I grew up in Australlia.
   询问某人的国籍或家乡.

   'What's it called in Spanish/English/Chinese etc.?'    西班牙语/英语/汉语等怎么说
   What's an artichoke called in Spanish? ~Una alcachofa.
   要求翻译.