SQLLDR

SQLLDR应用举例【转】
2010-06-01 13:33
SQLLDR应用举例

1、普通装载
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
(DEPTNO,
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,"""USA"""
20,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"
30,Consulting,Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia
50,"Finance","",Virginia --loc 列将为空
60,"Finance",,Virginia   --loc 列将为空

注:BEGINDATA后的数值前面不能有空格

2、TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 的情况
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
--FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'20'
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME,  
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
10 Sales Virginia
注:x'20'表示字符ASCII码的16进制数值

  
3、指定不装载那一列
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
(DEPTNO,  
FILLER_1 FILLER, --下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 将不会被装载  
DNAME,  
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"
  

4、position的列子
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
(DEPTNO position(1:2),  
DNAME position(*:16), --这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置  
LOC position(*:29),  
ENTIRE_LINE position(1:29)
)
BEGINDATA
10Accounting Virginia,USA
  
结果:10 | Accounting Vir | ginia,USA | 10Accounting Virginia,USA

5、使用函数日期的一种表达TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
--这句的意思是将没有对应值的列都置为null
--如果第一行改为 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME "upper(:dname)", --使用函数  
LOC "upper(:loc)",  
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy', --日期的一种表达方式。还有'dd-mon-yyyy'等
ENTIRE_LINE ":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated"
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999
30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000
40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001  
注:可以通过:dname类型调用函数,特别注意date函数的使用。

6、 合并多行记录为一行记录

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
concatenate 3 --通过关键字concatenate 把几行的记录看成一行记录
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME "upper(:dname)",  
LOC "upper(:loc)",  
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,
Virginia,
1/5/2000

注:例如有些文本文件以N行为一循环记录数据,则可以这样导入。
7、使用continueif来合并记录行
上例可直接使用continueif last= ','来告诉Oracle如果前一个数据以','结尾,则这个附加到上一行
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
continueif last= ','
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME "upper(:dname)",  
LOC "upper(:loc)",  
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,
Virginia,
1/5/2000
注:ContinueIf还可以使用this或next选项,具体操作见文档

8、载入每行的行号  

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
(DEPTNORECNUM //载入每行的行号  
ENTIRE_LINEPosition(1:1024)
)
BEGINDATA
fsdfasj     --自动分配行号到DEPTNO字段,此行为1
fasdjfasdfl --自动递增,此行为2


9、载入有换行符的数据

①使用一个非换行符的字符
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS "replace(:comments,'%%',chr(10))" --用replace函数转换成换行符
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales%%Office in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting%%Office in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting%%Office in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance%%Office in Virginia
  
注:换行的特殊字符如果使用'\n',则会在Windows编译过程中直接换成换行符,导致无法转换

②使用fix属性

Load DATA
INFILE demo1.dat "fix 68"
INTO TABLE t1_a
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED Date 'dd/mm/yyyy',
ENTIRE_LINE
)
demo1.dat
10,aaaab,Virginia,01/05/2001,This is the aaaab
Office in Virginia
20,aaaac,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the aaaac
Office in Virginia
30,aaaad,Virginia,14/04/2001,This is the aaaad
Office in Virginia
40,aaaae,Virginia,16/02/2001,This is the aaaae
Office in Virginia
注:fix只能加在外部文件数据导入时,另外需要每行数据长度都相等。
  
--下面这种方法也一样

Load DATA
INFILE demo17.dat "fix 70"
INTO TABLE t1_a
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME "upper(:dname)",  
LOC "upper(:loc)",  
LAST_UPDATED Date 'dd/mm/yyyy',
ENTIRE_LINE
)
demo2.dat
10,aaaab,Virginia,01/05/2001,"This is the aaaab
Office in Virginia"
20,aaaac,Virginia,13/04/2001,"This is the aaaac
Office in Virginia"
30,aaaad,Virginia,14/04/2001,"This is the aaaad
Office in Virginia"
40,aaaae,Virginia,16/02/2001,"This is the aaaae
Office in Virginia"

③ 使用var属性

Load DATA
INFILE demo17.dat "var 3"
INTO TABLE t1_a
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME "upper(:dname)",  
LOC "upper(:loc)",  
LAST_UPDATED Date 'dd/mm/yyyy',
ENTIRE_LINE
)
demo17.dat
03510,Sales,Virginia,01/01/2001,This
03920,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,Thi
04530,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001,This is t
07140,Finance,Virginia,14/04/2001,This is the Finance Office
in Virginia

注:var 3 表示前三位用于说明该条记录的长度 (但是谁告诉我长度怎么数的?-_-|||)

④使用str属性
  
可使用str来定义一个行结尾符  

计算以|\r\n 结束的值:
select utl_raw.cast_to_raw('|'||chr(13)||chr(10)) from dual;
结果 7C0D0A

Load DATA
INFILE demo17.dat "str X'7C0D0A'"
INTO TABLE t1_a
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,  
DNAME "upper(:dname)",  
LOC "upper(:loc)",  
LAST_UPDATED Date 'dd/mm/yyyy',
ENTIRE_LINE
)
demo17.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01/01/2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia|
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia|
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia|
40,Finance,Virginia,14/04/2002,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia
注意:同样需要在外部文件数据导入中使用,且最后一个不用加;另外注意不要有空格
10、nullif导入
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE t1_a
REPLACE
(DEPTNO position(1:2) integer external nullif DEPTNO='1',
--当导入deotno的值为'1'时,则该条记录不导入
DNAME position(3:8)
)
BEGINDATA
1 10
20lg
注:需要注意的是在前面指定的数据类型以及后面的引号!
==========================================================================================================
Oracle SQL*Loader 使用指南(转载)

如何使用 SQL*Loader 工具

我们可以用Oracle的sqlldr工具来导入数据。例如:
sqlldr scott/tiger control=loader.ctl

控制文件(loader.ctl)将加载一个外部数据文件(含分隔符)
loader.ctl如下:

load data
infile 'c:\data\mydata.csv'
into table emp
fields terminated by "," optionally enclosed by '"'
(empno, empname, sal, deptno)
mydata.csv 如下:

10001,"Scott Tiger", 1000, 40
10002,"Frank Naude", 500, 20

下面是一个指定记录长度的示例控制文件。“*” 代表数据文件与此文件同名,即在后面使用BEGINDATA段来标识数据。

load data
infile *
replace
into table departments
( dept position (02:05) char(4),
deptname position (08:27) char(20)
)
begindata
COSC COMPUTER SCIENCE
ENGL ENGLISH LITERATURE
MATH MATHEMATICS
POLY POLITICAL SCIENCE
Unloader这样的工具

Oracle没有提供将数据导出到一个文件的工具。但是我们可以用SQL*Plus的select及 format 数据来输出到一个文件:

set echo off newpage 0 space 0 pagesize 0 feed off head off trimspool on
spool oradata.txt
select col1 || ',' || col2 || ',' || col3
from tab1
where col2 = 'XYZ';
spool off
另外,也可以使用使用 UTL_FILE PL/SQL 包处理:

rem Remember to update initSID.ora, utl_file_dir='c:\oradata' parameter
declare
fp utl_file.file_type;
begin
fp := utl_file.fopen('c:\oradata','tab1.txt','w');
utl_file.putf(fp, '%s, %s\n', 'TextField', 55);
utl_file.fclose(fp);
end;
/
当然你也可以使用第三方工具,如SQLWays ,TOAD for Quest等。
加载可变长度或指定长度的记录
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE load_delimited_data
FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(data1,
data2
)
BEGINDATA
11111,AAAAAAAAAA
22222,"A,B,C,D,"
下面是导入固定位置(固定长度)数据示例:

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE load_positional_data
(data1 POSITION(1:5),
data2 POSITION(6:15)
)
BEGINDATA
11111AAAAAAAAAA
22222BBBBBBBBBB
跳过数据行:

可以用 "SKIP n" 关键字来指定导入时可以跳过多少行数据。如:
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE load_positional_data
SKIP 5 --似乎不行?需要在DOS层级下操作才有效
(data1 POSITION(1:5),
data2 POSITION(6:15)
)
BEGINDATA
11111AAAAAAAAAA
22222BBBBBBBBBB
导入数据时修改数据:

在导入数据到数据库时,可以修改数据。注意,这仅适合于常规导入,并不适合 direct导入方式.如:

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE modified_data
(rec_no "my_db_sequence.nextval",
region CONSTANT '31',
time_loaded "to_char(SYSDATE, 'HH24:MI')",
data1 POSITION(1:5) ":data1/100",
data2 POSITION(6:15) "upper(:data2)",
data3 POSITION(16:22)"to_date(:data3, 'YYMMDD')"
)
BEGINDATA
11111AAAAAAAAAA991201
22222BBBBBBBBBB990112
LOAD DATA
INFILE 'mail_orders.txt'
BADFILE 'bad_orders.txt'
APPEND
INTO TABLE mailing_list
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ","
(addr,
city,
state,
zipcode,
mailing_addr "decode(:mailing_addr, null, :addr, :mailing_addr)",
mailing_city "decode(:mailing_city, null, :city, :mailing_city)",
mailing_state
)
将数据导入多个表:

如:
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
REPLACE
INTO TABLE emp
WHEN empno != ' '
( empno POSITION(1:4) INTEGER EXTERNAL,
ename POSITION(6:15) CHAR,
deptno POSITION(17:18) CHAR,
mgr POSITION(20:23) INTEGER EXTERNAL
)
INTO TABLE proj
WHEN projno != ' '
( projno POSITION(25:27) INTEGER EXTERNAL,
empno POSITION(1:4) INTEGER EXTERNAL
)
导入选定的记录:

如下例: (01) 代表第一个字符, (30:37) 代表30到37之间的字符:
LOAD DATA
INFILE 'mydata.dat' BADFILE 'mydata.bad' DISCARDFILE 'mydata.dis'
APPEND
INTO TABLE my_selective_table
WHEN (01) <> 'H' and (01) <> 'T' and (30:37) = '19991217'
(
region CONSTANT '31',
service_key POSITION(01:11) INTEGER EXTERNAL,
call_b_no POSITION(12:29) CHAR
)
导入时跳过某些字段:

可用 POSTION(x:y) 来分隔数据. 在Oracle8i中可以通过指定 FILLER 字段实现。FILLER 字段用来跳过、忽略导入数据文件中的字段.如:
LOAD DATA
TRUNCATE INTO TABLE T1
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
( field1,
field2 FILLER,
field3
)
导入多行记录:

可以使用下面两个选项之一来实现将多行数据导入为一个记录:
CONCATENATE: - use when SQL*Loader should combine the same number of physical records together to form one logical record.
CONTINUEIF - use if a condition indicates that multiple records should be treated as one. Eg. by having a '#' character in column 1.
SQL*Loader 数据的提交:

一般情况下是在导入数据文件数据后提交的。
也可以通过指定 ROWS= 参数来指定每次提交记录数。
提高 SQL*Loader 的性能:

1) 一个简单而容易忽略的问题是,没有对导入的表使用任何索引和/或约束(主键)。如果这样做,甚至在使用ROWS=参数时,会很明显降低数据库导入性能。
2) 可以添加 DIRECT=TRUE来提高导入数据的性能。当然,在很多情况下,不能使用此参数。
3) 通过指定 UNRECOVERABLE选项,可以关闭数据库的日志。这个选项只能和 direct 一起使用。
4) 可以同时运行多个导入任务.
常规导入与direct导入方式的区别:
常规导入可以通过使用 INSERT语句来导入数据。Direct导入可以跳过数据库的相关逻辑(DIRECT=TRUE),而直接将数据导入到数据文件中。

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