SQLLDR应用举例
1、普通装载
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC ) BEGINDATA 10,Sales,"""USA""" 20,Accounting,"Virginia,USA" 30,Consulting,Virginia 40,Finance,Virginia 50,"Finance","",Virginia --loc 列将为空 60,"Finance",,Virginia --loc 列将为空
注:BEGINDATA后的数值前面不能有空格
2、TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 的情况
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE --FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'20' (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC ) BEGINDATA 10 Sales Virginia
注:x'20'表示字符ASCII码的16进制数值
3、指定不装载那一列
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' (DEPTNO, FILLER_1 FILLER, --下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 将不会被装载 DNAME, LOC ) BEGINDATA 20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"
4、position的列子
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE (DEPTNO position(1:2), DNAME position(*:16), --这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置 LOC position(*:29), ENTIRE_LINE position(1:29) ) BEGINDATA 10Accounting Virginia,USA
结果:10 | Accounting Vir | ginia,USA | 10Accounting Virginia,USA
5、使用函数日期的一种表达TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' TRAILING NULLCOLS
--这句的意思是将没有对应值的列都置为null
--如果第一行改为 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了 (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", --使用函数 LOC "upper(:loc)", LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy', --日期的一种表达方式。还有'dd-mon-yyyy'等 ENTIRE_LINE ":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated" ) BEGINDATA 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000 20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999 30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000 40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001
注:可以通过:dname类型调用函数,特别注意date函数的使用。
6、 合并多行记录为一行记录 LOAD DATA INFILE * concatenate 3 --通过关键字concatenate 把几行的记录看成一行记录 INTO TABLE DEPT replace FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy' ) BEGINDATA 10,Sales, Virginia, 1/5/2000
注:例如有些文本文件以N行为一循环记录数据,则可以这样导入。
7、使用continueif来合并记录行
上例可直接使用continueif last= ','来告诉Oracle如果前一个数据以','结尾,则这个附加到上一行
LOAD DATA
INFILE * continueif last= ',' INTO TABLE DEPT replace FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy' ) BEGINDATA 10,Sales, Virginia, 1/5/2000
注:ContinueIf还可以使用this或next选项,具体操作见文档
8、载入每行的行号
LOAD DATA INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
(DEPTNORECNUM //载入每行的行号 ENTIRE_LINEPosition(1:1024)
)
BEGINDATA fsdfasj --自动分配行号到DEPTNO字段,此行为1 fasdjfasdfl --自动递增,此行为2 9、载入有换行符的数据 ①使用一个非换行符的字符
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' TRAILING NULLCOLS (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )", COMMENTS "replace(:comments,'%%',chr(10))" --用replace函数转换成换行符 ) BEGINDATA 10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales%%Office in Virginia 20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting%%Office in Virginia 30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting%%Office in Virginia 40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance%%Office in Virginia
注:换行的特殊字符如果使用'\n',则会在Windows编译过程中直接换成换行符,导致无法转换
②使用fix属性 Load DATA INFILE demo1.dat "fix 68" INTO TABLE t1_a REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' TRAILING NULLCOLS (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", LAST_UPDATED Date 'dd/mm/yyyy', ENTIRE_LINE ) demo1.dat 10,aaaab,Virginia,01/05/2001,This is the aaaab Office in Virginia 20,aaaac,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the aaaac Office in Virginia 30,aaaad,Virginia,14/04/2001,This is the aaaad Office in Virginia 40,aaaae,Virginia,16/02/2001,This is the aaaae Office in Virginia
注:fix只能加在外部文件数据导入时,另外需要每行数据长度都相等。
--下面这种方法也一样 Load DATA INFILE demo17.dat "fix 70" INTO TABLE t1_a REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' TRAILING NULLCOLS (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", LAST_UPDATED Date 'dd/mm/yyyy', ENTIRE_LINE ) demo2.dat 10,aaaab,Virginia,01/05/2001,"This is the aaaab Office in Virginia" 20,aaaac,Virginia,13/04/2001,"This is the aaaac Office in Virginia" 30,aaaad,Virginia,14/04/2001,"This is the aaaad Office in Virginia" 40,aaaae,Virginia,16/02/2001,"This is the aaaae Office in Virginia" ③ 使用var属性 Load DATA INFILE demo17.dat "var 3" INTO TABLE t1_a REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' TRAILING NULLCOLS (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", LAST_UPDATED Date 'dd/mm/yyyy', ENTIRE_LINE ) demo17.dat 03510,Sales,Virginia,01/01/2001,This 03920,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,Thi 04530,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001,This is t 07140,Finance,Virginia,14/04/2001,This is the Finance Office in Virginia
注:var 3 表示前三位用于说明该条记录的长度 (但是谁告诉我长度怎么数的?-_-|||)
④使用str属性 可使用str来定义一个行结尾符 计算以|\r\n 结束的值: select utl_raw.cast_to_raw('|'||chr(13)||chr(10)) from dual; 结果 7C0D0A Load DATA INFILE demo17.dat "str X'7C0D0A'" INTO TABLE t1_a REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' TRAILING NULLCOLS (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", LAST_UPDATED Date 'dd/mm/yyyy', ENTIRE_LINE ) demo17.dat 10,Sales,Virginia,01/01/2001,This is the Sales Office in Virginia| 20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting Office in Virginia| 30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001,This is the Consulting Office in Virginia| 40,Finance,Virginia,14/04/2002,This is the Finance Office in Virginia
注意:同样需要在外部文件数据导入中使用,且最后一个不用加;另外注意不要有空格
10、nullif导入
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE t1_a
REPLACE
(DEPTNO position(1:2) integer external nullif DEPTNO='1',
--当导入deotno的值为'1'时,则该条记录不导入
DNAME position(3:8) ) BEGINDATA 1 10 20lg
注:需要注意的是在前面指定的数据类型以及后面的引号!
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Oracle SQL*Loader 使用指南(转载)
如何使用 SQL*Loader 工具 我们可以用Oracle的sqlldr工具来导入数据。例如: sqlldr scott/tiger control=loader.ctl 控制文件(loader.ctl)将加载一个外部数据文件(含分隔符)
loader.ctl如下:
load data infile 'c:\data\mydata.csv' into table emp fields terminated by "," optionally enclosed by '"' (empno, empname, sal, deptno)
mydata.csv 如下:
10001,"Scott Tiger", 1000, 40 10002,"Frank Naude", 500, 20 下面是一个指定记录长度的示例控制文件。“*” 代表数据文件与此文件同名,即在后面使用BEGINDATA段来标识数据。 load data infile * replace into table departments ( dept position (02:05) char(4), deptname position (08:27) char(20) ) begindata COSC COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGL ENGLISH LITERATURE MATH MATHEMATICS POLY POLITICAL SCIENCE
Unloader这样的工具
Oracle没有提供将数据导出到一个文件的工具。但是我们可以用SQL*Plus的select及 format 数据来输出到一个文件: set echo off newpage 0 space 0 pagesize 0 feed off head off trimspool on spool oradata.txt select col1 || ',' || col2 || ',' || col3 from tab1 where col2 = 'XYZ'; spool off
另外,也可以使用使用 UTL_FILE PL/SQL 包处理:
rem Remember to update initSID.ora, utl_file_dir='c:\oradata' parameter declare fp utl_file.file_type; begin fp := utl_file.fopen('c:\oradata','tab1.txt','w'); utl_file.putf(fp, '%s, %s\n', 'TextField', 55); utl_file.fclose(fp); end; /
当然你也可以使用第三方工具,如SQLWays ,TOAD for Quest等。
加载可变长度或指定长度的记录
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE load_delimited_data FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' TRAILING NULLCOLS (data1, data2 ) BEGINDATA 11111,AAAAAAAAAA 22222,"A,B,C,D,"
下面是导入固定位置(固定长度)数据示例:
LOAD DATA INFILE * INTO TABLE load_positional_data (data1 POSITION(1:5), data2 POSITION(6:15) ) BEGINDATA 11111AAAAAAAAAA 22222BBBBBBBBBB
跳过数据行:
可以用 "SKIP n" 关键字来指定导入时可以跳过多少行数据。如:
LOAD DATA
INFILE * INTO TABLE load_positional_data SKIP 5 --似乎不行?需要在DOS层级下操作才有效 (data1 POSITION(1:5), data2 POSITION(6:15) ) BEGINDATA 11111AAAAAAAAAA 22222BBBBBBBBBB
导入数据时修改数据:
在导入数据到数据库时,可以修改数据。注意,这仅适合于常规导入,并不适合 direct导入方式.如: LOAD DATA INFILE * INTO TABLE modified_data (rec_no "my_db_sequence.nextval", region CONSTANT '31', time_loaded "to_char(SYSDATE, 'HH24:MI')", data1 POSITION(1:5) ":data1/100", data2 POSITION(6:15) "upper(:data2)", data3 POSITION(16:22)"to_date(:data3, 'YYMMDD')" ) BEGINDATA 11111AAAAAAAAAA991201 22222BBBBBBBBBB990112
LOAD DATA
INFILE 'mail_orders.txt' BADFILE 'bad_orders.txt' APPEND INTO TABLE mailing_list FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," (addr, city, state, zipcode, mailing_addr "decode(:mailing_addr, null, :addr, :mailing_addr)", mailing_city "decode(:mailing_city, null, :city, :mailing_city)", mailing_state )
将数据导入多个表:
如: LOAD DATA INFILE * REPLACE INTO TABLE emp WHEN empno != ' ' ( empno POSITION(1:4) INTEGER EXTERNAL, ename POSITION(6:15) CHAR, deptno POSITION(17:18) CHAR, mgr POSITION(20:23) INTEGER EXTERNAL ) INTO TABLE proj WHEN projno != ' ' ( projno POSITION(25:27) INTEGER EXTERNAL, empno POSITION(1:4) INTEGER EXTERNAL )
导入选定的记录:
如下例: (01) 代表第一个字符, (30:37) 代表30到37之间的字符: LOAD DATA INFILE 'mydata.dat' BADFILE 'mydata.bad' DISCARDFILE 'mydata.dis' APPEND INTO TABLE my_selective_table WHEN (01) <> 'H' and (01) <> 'T' and (30:37) = '19991217' ( region CONSTANT '31', service_key POSITION(01:11) INTEGER EXTERNAL, call_b_no POSITION(12:29) CHAR )
导入时跳过某些字段:
可用 POSTION(x:y) 来分隔数据. 在Oracle8i中可以通过指定 FILLER 字段实现。FILLER 字段用来跳过、忽略导入数据文件中的字段.如: LOAD DATA TRUNCATE INTO TABLE T1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ( field1, field2 FILLER, field3 )
导入多行记录:
可以使用下面两个选项之一来实现将多行数据导入为一个记录:
CONCATENATE: - use when SQL*Loader should combine the same number of physical records together to form one logical record.
CONTINUEIF - use if a condition indicates that multiple records should be treated as one. Eg. by having a '#' character in column 1.
SQL*Loader 数据的提交:
一般情况下是在导入数据文件数据后提交的。 也可以通过指定 ROWS= 参数来指定每次提交记录数。
提高 SQL*Loader 的性能:
1) 一个简单而容易忽略的问题是,没有对导入的表使用任何索引和/或约束(主键)。如果这样做,甚至在使用ROWS=参数时,会很明显降低数据库导入性能。 2) 可以添加 DIRECT=TRUE来提高导入数据的性能。当然,在很多情况下,不能使用此参数。 3) 通过指定 UNRECOVERABLE选项,可以关闭数据库的日志。这个选项只能和 direct 一起使用。 4) 可以同时运行多个导入任务.
常规导入与direct导入方式的区别:
常规导入可以通过使用 INSERT语句来导入数据。Direct导入可以跳过数据库的相关逻辑(DIRECT=TRUE),而直接将数据导入到数据文件中。 |