ORACLE 外部表
ORACLE 外部表
- 1.前期准备
-
- 1.1 数据文件
- 1.2 解压缩脚本
- 2.编辑sqlldr控制文件
-
- 2.1 按数据文件的内容建表
- 2.2 编辑控制文件
- 3.生成外部表语句
-
- 3.1 使用sqlldr生成log文件
- 3.2 查看log文件
- 3.3 修改log文件
- 4.建表
-
- 4.1 创建log文件中的目录,并授权
- 4.2 删除之前创建的表
- 4.3 执行log文件
- 5. 验证
1.前期准备
-
1.1 数据文件
以，或者其他方式分隔的数据文件
[oracle@host01]$ zcat ceshi.dat.gz
A,AA,1,11,AAA
B,BB,2,22,BBB
C,CC,3,33,CCC
D,DD,4,44,DDD
E,EE,5,55,EEE
F,FF,6,66,FFF
G,GG,7,77,ggg
-
1.2 解压缩脚本
[oracle@host01]$ cat uncompress.sh
/bin/gunzip -c $1
2.编辑sqlldr控制文件
-
2.1 按数据文件的内容建表
create table sh.ceshi(sname varchar2(2000),cname varchar2(2000),sno varchar2(2000),cno varchar2(2000));
-
2.2 编辑控制文件
[oracle@host01]$ cat ceshi.ctl
LOAD DATA
INFILE '/home/oracle/scripts/ceshi.dat.gz'
BADFILE '/home/oracle/scripts/ceshi.bad'
DISCARDFILE '/home/oracle/scripts/ceshi.dsc'
APPEND
INTO TABLE sh.prod_master
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(sname, cname, sno, cno)
3.生成外部表语句
注：这里要使用sqlldr的一个参数:generate_only:sqlldr并不执行加载,而是生成创建外部表的sql和处理数据的sql，并保存在log文件中,用户可
以修改后拿到sqlplus中执行
-
3.1 使用sqlldr生成log文件
[oracle@host01 Skillset3]$ sqlldr sh/sh control=ceshi.ctl log=external.log external_table=generate_only
SQL*Loader: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Sep 19 22:38:58 2022
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Path used: External Table
-
3.2 查看log文件
[oracle@host01 Skillset3]$ cat external.log
SQL*Loader: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Sep 19 22:38:58 2022
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Control File: ceshi.ctl
Data File: /home/oracle/scripts/ceshi.dat.gz
Bad File: /home/oracle/scripts/ceshi.bad
Discard File: /home/oracle/scripts/ceshi.dsc
(Allow all discards)
Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Continuation: none specified
Path used: External Table
Table SH.CESHI, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: APPEND
TRAILING NULLCOLS option in effect
Column Name Position Len Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
SNAME FIRST * , O(") CHARACTER
CNAME NEXT * , O(") CHARACTER
SNO NEXT * , O(") CHARACTER
CNO NEXT * , O(") CHARACTER
CREATE DIRECTORY statements needed for files
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002 AS '/home/oracle/scripts/
CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 AS '/home/oracle/scripts/'
CREATE TABLE statement for external table:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE "SYS_SQLLDR_X_EXT_CESHI"
(
"SNAME" VARCHAR2(2000),
"CNAME" VARCHAR2(2000),
"SNO" VARCHAR2(2000),
"CNO" VARCHAR2(2000)
)
ORGANIZATION external
(
TYPE oracle_loader
DEFAULT DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000
ACCESS PARAMETERS
(
RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET US7ASCII
BADFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000':'ceshi.bad'
DISCARDFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000':'ceshi.dsc'
LOGFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002':'external.log_xt'
READSIZE 1048576
FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LDRTRIM
MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL
REJECT ROWS WITH ALL NULL FIELDS
(
"SNAME" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"',
"CNAME" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"',
"SNO" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"',
"CNO" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
)
)
location
(
'ceshi.dat.gz'
)
)REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED
INSERT statements used to load internal tables:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INSERT /*+ append */ INTO SH.CESHI
(
SNAME,
CNAME,
SNO,
CNO
)
SELECT
"SNAME",
"CNAME",
"SNO",
"CNO"
FROM "SYS_SQLLDR_X_EXT_CESHI"
statements to cleanup objects created by previous statements:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DROP TABLE "SYS_SQLLDR_X_EXT_CESHI"
DROP DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002
DROP DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000
Run began on Mon Sep 19 22:38:58 2022
Run ended on Mon Sep 19 22:38:58 2022
Elapsed time was: 00:00:00.16
CPU time was: 00:00:00.00
-
3.3 修改log文件
[oracle@host01 Skillset3]$ cat external.log
CREATE TABLE sh.ceshi
(
"SNAME" VARCHAR2(2000),
"CNAME" VARCHAR2(2000),
"SNO" VARCHAR2(2000),
"CNO" VARCHAR2(2000)
)
ORGANIZATION external
(
TYPE oracle_loader
DEFAULT DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002
ACCESS PARAMETERS
(
RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET AL32UTF8
PREPROCESSOR 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002':'uncompress.sh'
BADFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002':'ceshi.bad'
DISCARDFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002':'ceshi.dsc'
LOGFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002':'external.log_xt'
READSIZE 1048576
FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LDRTRIM
MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL
REJECT ROWS WITH ALL NULL FIELDS
(
"SNAME" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"',
"CNAME" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"',
"SNO" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"',
"CNO" CHAR(255)
TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
)
)
location
(
'ceshi.dat.gz'
)
)REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
4.建表
-
4.1 创建log文件中的目录,并授权
CREATE DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002 AS '/home/oracle/scripts/';
grant read,write,execute on directory SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00002 to public;
-
4.2 删除之前创建的表
SH@PROD4 >drop table sh.ceshi;
Table dropped.
-
4.3 执行log文件
SH@PROD4 >@external.log
Table created.
5. 验证
SH@PROD4 >set pages 200
SH@PROD4 >col sname for a20
SH@PROD4 >col cname for a20
SH@PROD4 >col sno for a20
SH@PROD4 >col cno for a20
SH@PROD4 >select * from ceshi;
SNAME CNAME SNO CNO
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
A AA 1 11
B BB 2 22
C CC 3 33
D DD 4 44
E EE 5 55
F FF 6 66
G GG 7 77
7 rows selected.
外部表创建成功(注意，外部表只可以做select操作)