使用MFC自动化操作Excel文档
项目中要用到MFC操作Excel文件，在网上搜的结果，有把Excel当数据库处理的，也有直接操作Excel的，最终在MSDN上看到的结果，测试后觉得好用些。
使用基本步骤：
1、创建一个支持MFC的C++项目
2、加入一个从Excel的typelib派生的MFC类，下图为typelib列表：
应用程序 类型库 -------------------------------------------------- Microsoft Access 97 Msacc8.olb Microsoft Jet Database 3.5 DAO350.dll Microsoft Binder 97 Msbdr8.olb Microsoft Excel 97 Excel8.olb Microsoft Graph 97 Graph8.olb Microsoft Office 97 Mso97.dll Microsoft Outlook 97 Msoutl97.olb Microsoft PowerPoint 97 Msppt8.olb Microsoft Word 97 Msword8.olb Microsoft Access 2000 Msacc9.olb Microsoft Jet Database 3.51 DAO360.dll Microsoft Binder 2000 Msbdr9.olb Microsoft Excel 2000 Excel9.olb Microsoft Graph 2000 Graph9.olb Microsoft Office 2000 Mso9.dll Microsoft Outlook 2000 Msoutl9.olb Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 Msppt9.olb Microsoft Word 2000 Msword9.olb Microsoft Access 2002 Msacc.olb Microsoft Excel 2002 Excel.exe Microsoft Graph 2002 Graph.exe Microsoft Office 2002 MSO.dll Microsoft Outlook 2002 MSOutl.olb Microsoft PowerPoint 2002 MSPpt.olb Microsoft Word 2002 MSWord.olb Microsoft Office Access 2003 Msacc.olb Microsoft Office Excel 2003 Excel.exe Microsoft Graph 2003 Graph.exe Microsoft Office 2003 MSO.dll Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 MSOutl.olb Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003 MSPpt.olb Microsoft Office Word 2003 MSWord.olb注意：这些类型库的默认位置是 C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office（在 Office 2002 中，相应的路径为 C:\...\Office10；在 Office 2003 中，相应的路径为 C:\...\Office11），Dao350.dll 或 Dao360.dll 以及 Microsoft Office 10 (MSO.dll) 除外。Dao350.dll/Dao360.dll 的默认位置是 C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Dao。对于 Office 2002，MSO.dll 的默认位置是 C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Office10；对于 Office 2003，其默认位置是 C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Office11。
3、选择需要的Excel自动化接口，常用的有_Application/_Workbook/_Worksheet/Workbooks/Worksheet/Range等，接口类为Excel.h，Excel.cpp
（上述三步主要用来生产MFC的Excel接口类，测试结果，VC2005生成的Excel接口不好用，报了一堆的error，重定义什么的。参考网上的意见，用VC6生成了一个Excel接口，然后在VC2005直接使用这个接口了）
4、修改接口类的头文件，定义一个命名空间Excel，将接口类定义及实现包含起来，便以使用
5、在使用Excel接口的地方，引用Excel.h
使用注意事项：
1、在MFC项目中，如果没有启用COM服务库，启用COM服务库，示例如下：
BOOL CAutoProjectApp::InitInstance() { if(!AfxOleInit()) // Your addition starts here { AfxMessageBox("Could not initialize COM dll"); return FALSE; } // End of your addition AfxEnableControlContainer(); . . . }
2、加入必要的头文件，如<afxdisp.h>
3、Excel接口中有许多默认的Optional参数，对应MFC中的定义为：COleVariant covOptional((long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND, VT_ERROR);
4、部分Excel自动化接口用到的枚举常量，在MFC导出类中并没有，需要用的时候，可以查阅Excel VAB Reference，直接使用这些枚举常量的对应值。
Excel使用封装类：
为了便以使用，对Excel导出类做了简单的封装，代码如下：
//ExcelUtil.h
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <io.h>
#include "..\ExcelWrapper\excel.h"
using namespace Excel;
namespace Excel {
class ExcelUtil {
private:
CString out_file_name;
public:
CString GetOutFileName() { return out_file_name; };
void SetOutFileName(CString new_file_name) { if (new_file_name.GetLength()>0) out_file_name = new_file_name; }
private:
_Application m_excelApp;
Workbooks m_excelBooks;
_Workbook m_excelBook;
Worksheets m_excelSheets;
_Worksheet m_excelSheet;
Range m_excelRange;
public:
void CreateExcel()
{
COleException pError;
if (!m_excelApp.CreateDispatch("Excel.Application", &pError))
{
pError.ReportError();
return;
}
else
{
m_excelBooks = m_excelApp.GetWorkbooks();
m_excelBook = m_excelBooks.Add(COleVariant((short)TRUE));
m_excelSheet = m_excelBook.GetActiveSheet();
}
}
void OpenExcel(CString fileName)
{
COleException pError;
if (!m_excelApp.CreateDispatch("Excel.Application", &pError))
{
pError.ReportError();
return;
}
else
{
COleVariant covOptional((long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND, VT_ERROR);
m_excelBooks = m_excelApp.GetWorkbooks();
m_excelBook = m_excelBooks.Open(fileName,covOptional, covOptional, covOptional,
covOptional, covOptional, covOptional, covOptional, covOptional,
covOptional, covOptional, covOptional, covOptional, covOptional, covOptional);
m_excelSheet = m_excelBook.GetActiveSheet();
out_file_name = fileName;
}
}
bool SaveExcel()
{
if (out_file_name.GetLength()==0)
{
AfxMessageBox("Excel路径未指定,无法保存");
return false;
}
else
{
TRY
{
if (_access(out_file_name, 0) == 0)
remove(out_file_name);
COleVariant covOptional((long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND, VT_ERROR);
m_excelBook.SaveAs(COleVariant(out_file_name), covOptional, covOptional,
covOptional, covOptional, covOptional,
0,covOptional, covOptional, covOptional, covOptional, covOptional);
}
CATCH (CException, e)
{
return false;
}
END_CATCH
}
return false;
}
void CloseExcel()
{
COleVariant covOptional((long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND, VT_ERROR);
m_excelBook.Close(COleVariant((short)FALSE), covOptional, covOptional);
m_excelBooks.Close();
m_excelApp.Quit();
}
// <summary>
// 取得特定的Worksheet
//</summary>
// <param name="SheetName">worksheet的名字</param>
//<returns></returns>
_Worksheet GetSheet(CString SheetName)
{
bool has_the_sheet = false;
Worksheets sheets = m_excelBook.GetWorksheets();
for (int si=1; si<=sheets.GetCount(); si++)
{
_Worksheet sheet = sheets.GetItem(COleVariant((long)si));
if (sheet.GetName().Compare(SheetName) == 0)
{
has_the_sheet = true;
break;
}
}
if (!has_the_sheet)
{
AfxMessageBox("Sheet名字不对，请检查");
return NULL;
}
TRY
{
m_excelSheet = sheets.GetItem(COleVariant(SheetName));
}
CATCH (CException, e)
{
return NULL;
}
END_CATCH
return m_excelSheet;
}
/// <summary>
/// 取得特定的Worksheet
/// </summary>
/// <param name="index">worksheet的索引，从1开始</param>
/// <returns></returns>
_Worksheet GetSheet(int index)
{
Worksheets sheets = m_excelBook.GetWorksheets();
int sheet_num = sheets.GetCount();
if (index <= 0 || index > sheet_num)
{
char buf[BUFSIZ] = "";
sprintf_s(buf, "索引必须大于0且小于等于%d", sheet_num);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
return NULL;
}
TRY
{
m_excelSheet = sheets.GetItem(COleVariant((long)(index)));
}
CATCH (CException, e)
{
return NULL;
}
END_CATCH
return m_excelSheet;
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加特定的Worksheet
/// </summary>
/// <param name="SheetName">新添加的worksheet的名字</param>
/// <returns>成功返回创建的worksheet，否则控制台打印相应的出错信息</returns>
_Worksheet AddSheet(CString SheetName)
{
if( SheetName.Trim().GetLength() == 0 )
{
AfxMessageBox("sheet名字非法");
return NULL;
}
bool has_the_sheet = false;
Worksheets sheets = m_excelBook.GetWorksheets();
for (int si=1; si<=sheets.GetCount(); si++)
{
_Worksheet sheet = sheets.GetItem(COleVariant((long)si));
if (sheet.GetName().Compare(SheetName) == 0)
{
has_the_sheet = true;
break;
}
}
if( has_the_sheet )
{
AfxMessageBox("excel文件中已有该sheet");
return NULL;
}
_Worksheet new_sheet;
TRY
{
COleVariant covOptional((long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND, VT_ERROR);
new_sheet = sheets.Add(covOptional, covOptional, COleVariant((short)1), covOptional);
new_sheet.SetName(SheetName);
}
CATCH (CException, e)
{
return NULL;
}
END_CATCH
return new_sheet;
}
/// <summary>
/// 取得sheet的数量
/// </summary>
/// <returns>sheet的数量</returns>
int GetSheetNum()
{
Worksheets sheets = m_excelBook.GetWorksheets();
return sheets.GetCount();
}
//操作单元格/合并单元格
/// <summary>
/// 返回特定的单元格
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ColNum">列号,从1开始,不大于255</param>
/// <param name="RowNum">行号,从1开始,不大于255</param>
/// <returns></returns>
CString GetCell(int ColNum, int RowNum)
{
char buf[BUFSIZ] = "";
//单元格列号数组
CString m_colString[] = {
"",
"A","B","C","D","E",
"F","G","H","I","J",
"K","L","M","N","O",
"P","Q","R","S","T",
"U","V","W","X","Y",
"Z" };
int row = RowNum;
if (ColNum <= 0 || ColNum > 255)
{
AfxMessageBox("行号错误");
return "";
}
if (ColNum <= 26)
{
sprintf_s(buf, "%s%d", m_colString[ColNum], RowNum);
return CString(buf);
}
else
{
int i0 = 0, i1 = 0;
i0 = (int)(ColNum / 26);
i1 = ColNum % 26;
if (i1 != 0)
{
sprintf_s(buf, "%s%s%d", m_colString[i0], m_colString[i1], row);
return CString(buf);
}
else //如果ColNum = 52、78、104
{
sprintf_s(buf, "%s%s%d", m_colString[i0-1], m_colString[i1+26], row);
return CString(buf);
}
}
}
//取得一个单元格
void SetRange(int ColNum, int RowNum)
{
COleVariant covOptional((long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND, VT_ERROR);
m_excelRange = m_excelSheet.GetRange(COleVariant(GetCell(ColNum, RowNum)), covOptional);
}
//取得一个单元格区域
void SetRange(int StartColNum, int StartRowNum, int EndColNum, int EndRowNum)
{
m_excelRange = m_excelSheet.GetRange(COleVariant(GetCell(StartColNum, StartRowNum)),
COleVariant(GetCell(EndColNum, EndRowNum)));
}
//合并一个单元格区域
void Merge(int startRowIndex, int startColIndex, int endRowIndex, int endColIndex)
{
SetRange(startColIndex, startRowIndex, endColIndex, endRowIndex);
m_excelRange.Merge(COleVariant((short)FALSE));
}
//单元格赋值/单元格区域赋值
void SetCellValue(CString value)
{
if (m_excelRange == NULL) { AfxMessageBox("没有设定单元格"); return; }
m_excelRange.SetValue2(COleVariant(value));
}
void SetCellValue(int row, int col, CString value)
{
SetRange(col, row);
m_excelRange.SetNumberFormatLocal(COleVariant("@"));
m_excelRange.SetValue2(COleVariant(value));
}
void SetCellStringFormat()
{
m_excelRange.SetNumberFormatLocal(COleVariant("@"));
}
void SetCellValue( int startRow,int startCol, int endRow, int endCol, CString value )
{
Merge(startRow, startCol, endRow, endCol);
m_excelRange.SetNumberFormatLocal(COleVariant("@"));
m_excelRange.SetValue2(COleVariant(value));
}
CString GetCellValue( int row, int col )
{
SetRange(col, row);
return (CString)m_excelRange.GetText();
}
//设置单元格样式
void SetBoldFontAndSize( int size )
{
Font font = m_excelRange.GetFont();
font.SetBold(COleVariant((short)TRUE));
font.SetSize(COleVariant((short)size));
}
//设置报表表格为最适应宽度
//设置报表表格为最适应宽度
void SetAutoFitColumns( int startRow, int startCol, int endRow, int endCol )
{
SetRange(startCol, startRow, endCol, endRow);
Range cols = m_excelRange.GetEntireColumn();
cols.AutoFit();
}
void SetCenterAlign()
{
m_excelRange.SetHorizontalAlignment(COleVariant((short)0));
}
void SetBorder()
{
Borders borders = m_excelRange.GetBorders();
borders.SetLineStyle(COleVariant((short)1));
Border border = borders.GetItem(7);
border.SetWeight(COleVariant((short)4));
border = borders.GetItem(8);
border.SetWeight(COleVariant((short)4));
border = borders.GetItem(10);
border.SetWeight(COleVariant((short)4));
border = borders.GetItem(9);
border.SetWeight(COleVariant((short)4));
}
};}
（代码应用的excel.h为MFC导出类）
更多示例代码，参考：
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/178783/zh-cn
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=KB;EN-US;Q179706&ID=KB;EN-US;Q179706
内容参考来源于MSDN