1.什么是RTC
RTC是个独立的定时器。RTC模块拥有一个连续计数的计数器,在相应的软件配置下,可以提供时钟日历的功能。修改计数器的值可以重新设置当前时间和日期 RTC还包含用于管理低功耗模式的自动唤醒单元。
在断电情况下 RTC仍可以独立运行 只要芯片的备用电源一直供电,RTC上的时间会一直走。RTC实质是一个掉电后还继续运行的定时器,从定时器的角度来看,相对于通用定时器TIM外设,它的功能十分简单,只有计时功能(也可以触发中断)。但其高级指出也就在于掉电之后还可以正常运行。两个 32 位寄存器包含二进码十进数格式 (BCD) 的秒、分钟、小时( 12 或 24小时制)、星期几、日期、月份和年份。此外,还可提供二进制格式的亚秒值。系统可以自动将月份的天数补偿为 28、29(闰年)、30 和 31天。上电复位后,所有RTC寄存器都会受到保护,以防止可能的非正常写访问。无论器件状态如何(运行模式、低功耗模式或处于复位状态),只要电源电压保持在工作范围内,RTC使不会停止工作
2.RCT特征:
可编程的预分频系数:分频系数高为220。
32位的可编程计数器,可用于较长时间段的测量。
2个分离的时钟:用于APB1接口的PCLK1和RTC时钟(RTC时钟的频率必须小于PCLK1时钟 频率的四分之一以上)。
可以选择以下三种RTC的时钟源:
HSE时钟除以128;
LSE振荡器时钟;
SI振荡器时钟
2个独立的复位类型:
APB1接口由系统复位;
RTC核心(预分频器、闹钟、计数器和分频器)只能由后备域复位
3个专门的可屏蔽中断:
1.闹钟中断,用来产生一个软件可编程的闹钟中断
2.秒中断,用来产生一个可编程的周期性中断信号(长可达1秒)。
3.溢出中断,指示内部可编程计数器溢出并回转为0的状态。
RTC时钟源:
三种不同的时钟源可被用来驱动系统时钟(SYSCLK):
HSI振荡器时钟
HSE振荡器时钟
PLL时钟
这些设备有以下2种二级时钟源:
40kHz低速内部RC,可以用于驱动独立看门狗和通过程序选择驱动RTC。 RTC用于从停机/待机模式下自动唤醒系统。
32.768kHz低速外部晶体也可用来通过程序选择驱动RTC(RTCCLK)。
1.SYS
2.RCC
3.RTC
4.USERT1
5.时钟树配置
6.创建项目
main.c
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* © Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "rtc.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "stdio.h"
int fputc(int ch,FILE *f){
uint8_t temp[1]={ch};
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,temp,1,2);
return ch;
}
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
RTC_DateTypeDef GetData; //获取日期结构体
RTC_TimeTypeDef GetTime; //获取时间结构体
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_RTC_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* Get the RTC current Time */
HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &GetTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);
/* Get the RTC current Date */
HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &GetData, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);
/* Display date Format : yy/mm/dd */
printf("%02d/%02d/%02d\r\n",2000 + GetData.Year, GetData.Month, GetData.Date);
/* Display time Format : hh:mm:ss */
printf("%02d:%02d:%02d\r\n",GetTime.Hours, GetTime.Minutes, GetTime.Seconds);
printf("\r\n");
HAL_Delay(1000);
/* Display date Format : weekday */
if(GetData.WeekDay==1){
printf("星期一\r\n");
}else if(GetData.WeekDay==2){
printf("星期二\r\n");
}else if(GetData.WeekDay==3){
printf("星期三\r\n");
}else if(GetData.WeekDay==4){
printf("星期四\r\n");
}else if(GetData.WeekDay==5){
printf("星期五\r\n");
}else if(GetData.WeekDay==6){
printf("星期六\r\n");
}else if(GetData.WeekDay==7){
printf("星期日\r\n");
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState = RCC_LSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;
PeriphClkInit.RTCClockSelection = RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
结果图
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/393918577
https://blog.csdn.net/as480133937/article/details/105026033