NPOI2

  1. 直接导出html,修改后缀名为.xls,这个方法有点像骗人的把戏,而且不能再导入
  2. 使用Jet OLEDB引擎来进行导入导出,完全使用sql语句来进行操作,缺点能控制的东西非常有限,比如格式就难以控制
  3. 使用Office COM组件进行导入导出,对环境依赖性太强(如“检索 COM 类工厂…”错误);且需要通过打开Excel.exe进程进行操作;虽然可以通过关闭工作表以及Marshal.ReleaseComObject方法来释放资源,但依然避免不了性能差。

 

关于NPOI

NPOIPOI项目的.NET版本,是由@Tony Qu(http://tonyqus.cnblogs.com/)等大侠基于POI开发的,可以从http://npoi.codeplex.com/下载到它的最新版本。它不使用Office COM组件(Microsoft.Office.Interop.XXX.dll),不需要安装Microsoft Office,支持对Office 97-2003的文件格式,功能比较强大。更详细的说明请看作者的博客或官方网站。

 

它的以下一些特性让我相当喜欢:

  1. 支持对标准的Excel读写
  2. 支持对流(Stream)的读写 (而Jet OLEDB和Office COM都只能针对文件)
  3. 支持大部分Office COM组件的常用功能
  4. 性能优异 (相对于前面的方法)
  5. 使用简单,易上手

 

使用NPOI

本文使用的是它当前的最新版本1.2.4,此版本的程序集缩减至2个:NPOI.dllIonic.Zip.dll,直接引用到项目中即可。

对于我们开发者使用的对象主要位于NPOI.HSSF.UserModel空间下,主要有HSSFWorkbookHSSFSheetHSSFRowHSSFCell,对应的接口为位于NPOI.SS.UserModel空间下的IWorkbookISheetIRowICell,分别对应Excel文件、工作表、行、列。

 

简单演示一下创建一个Workbook对象,添加一个工作表,在工作表中添加一行一列:

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using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
 
public class NPOIWrite
{
     void CreateSheet()
     {
         IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); //创建Workbook对象
         ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet( "Sheet1" ); //创建工作表
         IRow row = sheet.CreateRow(0); //在工作表中添加一行
         ICell cell = row.CreateCell(0); //在行中添加一列
         cell.SetCellValue( "test" ); //设置列的内容
     }
}

 

相应的读取代码:

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using System.IO;
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
 
public class NPOIRead
{
     void GetSheet(Stream stream)
     {
         IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(stream); //从流内容创建Workbook对象
         ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0); //获取第一个工作表
         IRow row = sheet.GetRow(0); //获取工作表第一行
         ICell cell = row.GetCell(0); //获取行的第一列
         string value = cell.ToString(); //获取列的值
     }
}

 

使用NPOI导出

从DataTable读取内容来创建Workbook对象:

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public static MemoryStream RenderToExcel(DataTable table)
{
     MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
 
     using (table)
     {
         using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook())
         {
             using (ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet())
             {
                 IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
 
                 // handling header.
                 foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns)
                     headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.Caption); //If Caption not set, returns the ColumnName value
 
                 // handling value.
                 int rowIndex = 1;
 
                 foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
                 {
                     IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
 
                     foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns)
                     {
                         dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(row[column].ToString());
                     }
 
                     rowIndex++;
                 }
 
                 workbook.Write(ms);
                 ms.Flush();
                 ms.Position = 0;
             }
         }
     }
     return ms;
}

如果看不惯DataTable,那么DataReader也行:

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public static MemoryStream RenderToExcel(IDataReader reader)
{
     MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
 
     using (reader)
     {
         using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook())
         {
             using (ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet())
             {
                 IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
                 int cellCount = reader.FieldCount;
 
                 // handling header.
                 for ( int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
                 {
                     headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader.GetName(i));
                 }
 
                 // handling value.
                 int rowIndex = 1;
                 while (reader.Read())
                 {
                     IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
 
                     for ( int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
                     {
                         dataRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader[i].ToString());
                     }
 
                     rowIndex++;
                 }
 
                 workbook.Write(ms);
                 ms.Flush();
                 ms.Position = 0;
             }
         }
     }
     return ms;
}

以上代码把创建的Workbook对象保存到流中,可以通过以下方法输出到浏览器,或是保存到硬盘中:

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static void SaveToFile(MemoryStream ms, string fileName)
{
     using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
     {
         byte [] data = ms.ToArray();
 
         fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
         fs.Flush();
 
         data = null ;
     }
}
 
static void RenderToBrowser(MemoryStream ms, HttpContext context, string fileName)
{
     if (context.Request.Browser.Browser == "IE" )
         fileName = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(fileName);
     context.Response.AddHeader( "Content-Disposition" , "attachment;fileName=" + fileName);
     context.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.ToArray());
}

 

使用NPOI导入

需要注意的是,sheet.LastRowNum = sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1,这里可能存在BUG:当没有数据或只有一行数据时sheet.LastRowNum为0,PhysicalNumberOfRows 表现正常

这里读取流中的Excel来创建Workbook对象,并转换成DataTable:

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static DataTable RenderFromExcel(Stream excelFileStream)
{
     using (excelFileStream)
     {
         using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
         {
             using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0)) //取第一个表
             {
                 DataTable table = new DataTable();
 
                 IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); //第一行为标题行
                 int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; //LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells
                 int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum; //LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1
 
                 //handling header.
                 for ( int i = headerRow.FirstCellNum; i < cellCount; i++)
                 {
                     DataColumn column = new DataColumn(headerRow.GetCell(i).StringCellValue);
                     table.Columns.Add(column);
                 }
 
                 for ( int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)
                 {
                     IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
                     DataRow dataRow = table.NewRow();
 
                     if (row != null )
                     {
                         for ( int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
                         {
                             if (row.GetCell(j) != null )
                                 dataRow[j] = GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j));
                         }
                     }
 
                     table.Rows.Add(dataRow);
                 }
                 return table;
 
             }
         }
     }
}

或者是直接生成SQL语句来插入到数据库:

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public static int RenderToDb(Stream excelFileStream, string insertSql, DBAction dbAction)
{
     int rowAffected = 0;
     using (excelFileStream)
     {
         using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
         {
             using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0)) //取第一个工作表
             {
                 StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
 
                 IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); //第一行为标题行
                 int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; //LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells
                 int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum; //LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1
 
                 for ( int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)
                 {
                     IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
                     if (row != null )
                     {
                         builder.Append(insertSql);
                         builder.Append( " values (" );
                         for ( int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
                         {
                             builder.AppendFormat( "'{0}'," , GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j)).Replace( "'" , "''" ));
                         }
                         builder.Length = builder.Length - 1;
                         builder.Append( ");" );
                     }
 
                     if ((i % 50 == 0 || i == rowCount) && builder.Length > 0)
                     {
                         //每50条记录一次批量插入到数据库
                         rowAffected += dbAction(builder.ToString());
                         builder.Length = 0;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
     return rowAffected;
}

这里的Excel可能没有数据,所以可以加一个方法来检测:

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public static bool HasData(Stream excelFileStream)
{
     using (excelFileStream)
     {
         using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
         {
             if (workbook.NumberOfSheets > 0)
             {
                 using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0))
                 {
                     return sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows > 0;
                 }
             }
         }
     }
     return false ;
}

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