NPOI是POI项目的.NET版本,是由@Tony Qu(http://tonyqus.cnblogs.com/)等大侠基于POI开发的,可以从http://npoi.codeplex.com/下载到它的最新版本。它不使用Office COM组件(Microsoft.Office.Interop.XXX.dll),不需要安装Microsoft Office,支持对Office 97-2003的文件格式,功能比较强大。更详细的说明请看作者的博客或官方网站。
它的以下一些特性让我相当喜欢:
本文使用的是它当前的最新版本1.2.4,此版本的程序集缩减至2个:NPOI.dll、Ionic.Zip.dll,直接引用到项目中即可。
对于我们开发者使用的对象主要位于NPOI.HSSF.UserModel空间下,主要有HSSFWorkbook、HSSFSheet、HSSFRow、HSSFCell,对应的接口为位于NPOI.SS.UserModel空间下的IWorkbook、ISheet、IRow、ICell,分别对应Excel文件、工作表、行、列。
简单演示一下创建一个Workbook对象,添加一个工作表,在工作表中添加一行一列:
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using
NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using
NPOI.SS.UserModel;
public
class
NPOIWrite
{
void
CreateSheet()
{
IWorkbook workbook =
new
HSSFWorkbook();
//创建Workbook对象
ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(
"Sheet1"
);
//创建工作表
IRow row = sheet.CreateRow(0);
//在工作表中添加一行
ICell cell = row.CreateCell(0);
//在行中添加一列
cell.SetCellValue(
"test"
);
//设置列的内容
}
}
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相应的读取代码:
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using
System.IO;
using
NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using
NPOI.SS.UserModel;
public
class
NPOIRead
{
void
GetSheet(Stream stream)
{
IWorkbook workbook =
new
HSSFWorkbook(stream);
//从流内容创建Workbook对象
ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0);
//获取第一个工作表
IRow row = sheet.GetRow(0);
//获取工作表第一行
ICell cell = row.GetCell(0);
//获取行的第一列
string
value = cell.ToString();
//获取列的值
}
}
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从DataTable读取内容来创建Workbook对象:
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public
static
MemoryStream RenderToExcel(DataTable table)
{
MemoryStream ms =
new
MemoryStream();
using
(table)
{
using
(IWorkbook workbook =
new
HSSFWorkbook())
{
using
(ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet())
{
IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
// handling header.
foreach
(DataColumn column
in
table.Columns)
headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.Caption);
//If Caption not set, returns the ColumnName value
// handling value.
int
rowIndex = 1;
foreach
(DataRow row
in
table.Rows)
{
IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
foreach
(DataColumn column
in
table.Columns)
{
dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(row[column].ToString());
}
rowIndex++;
}
workbook.Write(ms);
ms.Flush();
ms.Position = 0;
}
}
}
return
ms;
}
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如果看不惯DataTable,那么DataReader也行:
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public
static
MemoryStream RenderToExcel(IDataReader reader)
{
MemoryStream ms =
new
MemoryStream();
using
(reader)
{
using
(IWorkbook workbook =
new
HSSFWorkbook())
{
using
(ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet())
{
IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
int
cellCount = reader.FieldCount;
// handling header.
for
(
int
i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
{
headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader.GetName(i));
}
// handling value.
int
rowIndex = 1;
while
(reader.Read())
{
IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
for
(
int
i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
{
dataRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader[i].ToString());
}
rowIndex++;
}
workbook.Write(ms);
ms.Flush();
ms.Position = 0;
}
}
}
return
ms;
}
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以上代码把创建的Workbook对象保存到流中,可以通过以下方法输出到浏览器,或是保存到硬盘中:
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static
void
SaveToFile(MemoryStream ms,
string
fileName)
{
using
(FileStream fs =
new
FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
byte
[] data = ms.ToArray();
fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
fs.Flush();
data =
null
;
}
}
static
void
RenderToBrowser(MemoryStream ms, HttpContext context,
string
fileName)
{
if
(context.Request.Browser.Browser ==
"IE"
)
fileName = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(fileName);
context.Response.AddHeader(
"Content-Disposition"
,
"attachment;fileName="
+ fileName);
context.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.ToArray());
}
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需要注意的是,sheet.LastRowNum = sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1,这里可能存在BUG:当没有数据或只有一行数据时sheet.LastRowNum为0,PhysicalNumberOfRows 表现正常。
这里读取流中的Excel来创建Workbook对象,并转换成DataTable:
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static
DataTable RenderFromExcel(Stream excelFileStream)
{
using
(excelFileStream)
{
using
(IWorkbook workbook =
new
HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
{
using
(ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0))
//取第一个表
{
DataTable table =
new
DataTable();
IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0);
//第一行为标题行
int
cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum;
//LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells
int
rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum;
//LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1
//handling header.
for
(
int
i = headerRow.FirstCellNum; i < cellCount; i++)
{
DataColumn column =
new
DataColumn(headerRow.GetCell(i).StringCellValue);
table.Columns.Add(column);
}
for
(
int
i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)
{
IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
DataRow dataRow = table.NewRow();
if
(row !=
null
)
{
for
(
int
j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
{
if
(row.GetCell(j) !=
null
)
dataRow[j] = GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j));
}
}
table.Rows.Add(dataRow);
}
return
table;
}
}
}
}
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或者是直接生成SQL语句来插入到数据库:
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public
static
int
RenderToDb(Stream excelFileStream,
string
insertSql, DBAction dbAction)
{
int
rowAffected = 0;
using
(excelFileStream)
{
using
(IWorkbook workbook =
new
HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
{
using
(ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0))
//取第一个工作表
{
StringBuilder builder =
new
StringBuilder();
IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0);
//第一行为标题行
int
cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum;
//LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells
int
rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum;
//LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1
for
(
int
i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)
{
IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
if
(row !=
null
)
{
builder.Append(insertSql);
builder.Append(
" values ("
);
for
(
int
j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
{
builder.AppendFormat(
"'{0}',"
, GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j)).Replace(
"'"
,
"''"
));
}
builder.Length = builder.Length - 1;
builder.Append(
");"
);
}
if
((i % 50 == 0 || i == rowCount) && builder.Length > 0)
{
//每50条记录一次批量插入到数据库
rowAffected += dbAction(builder.ToString());
builder.Length = 0;
}
}
}
}
}
return
rowAffected;
}
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这里的Excel可能没有数据,所以可以加一个方法来检测:
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public
static
bool
HasData(Stream excelFileStream)
{
using
(excelFileStream)
{
using
(IWorkbook workbook =
new
HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
{
if
(workbook.NumberOfSheets > 0)
{
using
(ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0))
{
return
sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows > 0;
}
}
}
}
return
false
;
}
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