python123测验9答案程序题_Python-CNN-material/Python测验20题_答案另附文档.ipynb at master · MichaelBeechan/Python-CNN...
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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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" "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"##
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"
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"
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"
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"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Python测验20题"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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">#### 刚开始学Python，基础很重要，告诫自己不要好高骛远，把基础打好才是最重要的。\n",
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"\n",
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">#### 以下我们列出了20个Python基础训练题，来动手试试可以答对多少吧！"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### - 1.以下为学习Python的第一个程序，即如何输出\"Hello World!\"；\n",
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" \n",
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"代码如下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 该实例输出 Hello World!\n",
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"print('Hello World!')"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### - 2.利用Python求和； 以下为通过用户输入两个数字，并计算两个数字之和。\n",
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"\n",
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"代码如下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 用户输入数字\n",
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"num1 = input('输入第一个数字：')\n",
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"num2 = input('输入第二个数字：')\n",
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" \n",
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"# 求和\n",
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"sum = float(num1) + float(num2)\n",
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" \n",
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"# 显示计算结果\n",
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"print('数字 {0} 和 {1} 相加结果为： {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"##### 提示：在该实例中，我们通过用户输入两个数字来求和。使用了内置函数 input() 来获取用户的输入，input() 返回一个字符串，所以我们需要使用 float() 方法将字符串转换为数字。 两数字运算，求和我们使用了加号 (+)运算符，除此外，还有 减号 (-), 乘号 （*），除号（/），地板除 (//) 或 取余 (%)。\n",
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"\n",
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"我们还可以将以上运算，合并为一行代码哦！你可以尝试一下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"## Your Code here"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### - 3.利用Python求平方根。 通过用户输入一个数字，并计算这个数字的平方根：\n",
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"\n",
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"平方根，又叫二次方根，表示为〔√￣〕，如：数学语言为：√￣16=4。语言描述为：根号下16=4。\n",
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"代码如下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"num = float(input('请输入一个数字： '))\n",
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"num_sqrt = num ** 0.5\n",
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"print(' %0.3f 的平方根为 %0.3f'%(num ,num_sqrt))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"##### 提示：在该实例中，我们通过用户输入一个数字，并使用指数运算符 ** 来计算改数的平方根。\n",
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"\n",
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"思考：以上程序只适用于正数。负数和复数应该怎样实现呢？"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 计算实数和复数平方根\n",
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"# 导入复数数学模块\n",
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" \n",
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"import cmath\n",
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" \n",
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"num = int(input(\"请输入一个数字: \"))\n",
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"# your code here\n",
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"print('{0} 的平方根为 {1:0.3f}+{2:0.3f}j'.format(num ,num_sqrt.real,num_sqrt.imag))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"##### 提示：该实例中，我们使用了 cmath (complex math) 模块的 sqrt() 方法。"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### - 4.利用Python求二次方程。 以下为通过用户输入数字，并计算二次方程；\n",
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"\n",
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"代码如下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 二次方程式 ax**2 + bx + c = 0\n",
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"# a、b、c 用户提供\n",
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" \n",
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"# 导入 cmath(复杂数学运算) 模块\n",
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"import cmath\n",
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" \n",
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"a = float(input('输入 a: '))\n",
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"b = float(input('输入 b: '))\n",
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"c = float(input('输入 c: '))\n",
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" \n",
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"# 计算\n",
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"d = (b**2) - (4*a*c)\n",
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" \n",
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"# 两种求解方式\n",
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"sol1 = (-b-cmath.sqrt(d))/(2*a)\n",
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"# your code here: sol2 = \n",
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" \n",
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"print('结果为 {0} 和 {1}'.format(sol1,sol2))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"##### 提示：该实例中，我们使用了 cmath (complex math) 模块的 sqrt() 方法 来计算平方根。"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### - 5.利用Python求三角形的面积。以下为通过用户输入三角形三边长度，并计算三角形的面积；\n",
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"\n",
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"代码如下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"a = float (input ('输入三角形第一边长：'))\n",
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"b = float (input ('输入三角形第二边长：'))\n",
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"c = float (input ('输入三角形第三边长：'))\n",
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"while a+b
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" print ('输入的边构不成三角形，请重新输入！')\n",
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" a = float (input ('输入三角形第一边长：'))\n",
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" b = float (input ('输入三角形第二边长：'))\n",
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" c = float (input ('输入三角形第三边长：'))\n",
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"\n",
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"# your code here: s = \n",
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"# your code here: area = \n",
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"print ('三角形面积为：%0.2f'%area)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### - 6.利用Python生成随机数。以下演示了如何生成一个随机数；\n",
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"\n",
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"代码如下："
245
]
246
},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 生成 0 ~ 9 之间的随机数\n",
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" \n",
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"# 导入 random(随机数) 模块\n",
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"import random\n",
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" \n",
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"print(random.randint(0,9))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"##### 提示：以上实例我们使用了 random 模块的 randint() 函数来生成随机数，你每次执行后都返回不同的数字（0 到 9）"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### - 7.利用Python将摄氏温度转化为华氏温度。以下演示了如何将摄氏温度转华氏温度；\n",
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"\n",
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"代码如下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 用户输入摄氏温度\n",
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" \n",
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"# 接收用户输入\n",
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"celsius = float(input('输入摄氏温度: '))\n",
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" \n",
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"# 计算华氏温度\n",
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"# your code here: fahrenheit = \n",
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"print('%0.1f 摄氏温度转为华氏温度为 %0.1f ' %(celsius,fahrenheit))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"##### 提示：以上实例中，摄氏温度转华氏温度的公式为 celsius * 1.8 = fahrenheit - 32。所以得到以下式子："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### - 8.利用Python进行变量交换。以下通过用户输入两个变量，并相互交换；\n",
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"\n",
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"代码如下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 用户输入\n",
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"\n",
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"x = input('输入 x 值: ')\n",
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"y = input('输入 y 值: ')\n",
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"\n",
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"# 创建临时变量，并交换\n",
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"# your code here: temp = \n",
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"# your code here: \n",
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"# your code here: \n",
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"\n",
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"print('交换后 x 的值为: {}'.format(x))\n",
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"print('交换后 y 的值为: {}'.format(y))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"##### 提示：以上实例中，我们创建了临时变量 temp ，并将 x 的值存储在 temp 变量中，接着将 y 值赋给 x，最后将 temp 赋值给 y 变量。 我们也可以不创建临时变量，用一个非常优雅的方式来交换变量。"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"x,y = y,x"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"所以上述实例可以修改为："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-\n",
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"\n",
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"# Filename : test.py\n",
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"# author by : www.runoob.com\n",
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"\n",
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"# 用户输入\n",
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"\n",
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"x = input('输入 x 值: ')\n",
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"y = input('输入 y 值: ')\n",
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"\n",
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"# 不使用临时变量\n",
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"# your code here: \n",
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"\n",
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"print('交换后 x 的值为: {}'.format(x))\n",
382
"print('交换后 y 的值为: {}'.format(y))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"source": [
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"### - 9.编程，找出10000之内的所有完数，并输出该完数及对应的因子。\n",
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"- 一个数如果恰好等于它的因子之和，这个数就称为“完数”。\n",
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"- 例如，6的因子为1、2、3，而6=1+2+3，因此6是完数。\n",
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"\n",
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"代码如下："
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def wanshu(N):\n",
407
" factors = []\n",
408
" for i in range(1, N):\n",
409
" if N % i == 0:\n",
410
" factors.append(i) # find all factors\n",
411
" if sum(factors) == N:\n",
412
" return True, factors\n",
413
" return False, []\n",
414
"\n",
415
"for i in range(1, 10000): # 请加注释\n",
416
" isW, facs = wanshu(i) # 请加注释\n",
417
" if isW: # 请加注释\n",
418
" print (i, facs)"
419
]
420
},
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{
422
"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
425
"### - 10.摘录网页HTML源码，粘贴到input.txt，统计其中英文字母、空格、数字和其他字符的个数并输出。\n",
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"\n",
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"代码如下："
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]
429
},
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{
431
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": true
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"counts = {\"letter\": 0, \"blank\": 0, \"number\": 0, \"other\": 0}\n",
439
"\n",
440
"f = open('./input_1.txt', 'r') #代码完整且正确，请使用自己准备的文档完成作业\n",
441
"contents = f.readlines()\n",
442
"f.close()\n",
443
"for coni in contents:\n",
444
" tmp = coni.strip()\n",
445
" for ci in tmp:\n",
446
" if ci.isalpha(): # is letter?\n",
447
" counts[\"letter\"] += 1\n",
448
" elif ci.isspace(): # is space?\n",
449
" counts[\"blank\"] += 1\n",
450
" elif ci.isdigit(): # is number?\n",
451
" counts[\"number\"] += 1\n",
452
" else: # other\n",
453
" counts[\"other\"] += 1\n",
454
"for item in counts.items():\n",
455
" print (item[0] + \": \" + str(item[1]))"
456
]
457
},
458
{
459
"cell_type": "markdown",
460
"metadata": {},
461
"source": [
462
"### - 11.在网上摘录一段英文文本(尽量长一些)，粘贴到input.txt，统计其中每个单词的词频(出现的次数)，并按照词频的顺序写入out.txt文件，每一行的内容为“单词:频次”\n",
463
"\n",
464
"代码如下："
465
]
466
},
467
{
468
"cell_type": "code",
469
"execution_count": null,
470
"metadata": {
471
"collapsed": true
472
},
473
"outputs": [],
474
"source": [
475
"import re\n",
476
"\n",
477
"f = open('./input_2.txt', 'r') #代码完整且正确，请使用自己准备的文档完成作业\n",
478
"contents = f.read()\n",
479
"f.close()\n",
480
"words = re.findall(r'\\w+', contents)\n",
481
"counts = {}\n",
482
"for wordi in words:\n",
483
" if wordi in counts:\n",
484
" counts[wordi] += 1\n",
485
" else:\n",
486
" counts[wordi] = 1\n",
487
"tmp = sorted(counts.items(), key = lambda item:item[1], reverse = True)\n",
488
"\n",
489
"fw = open('./out.txt', 'w')\n",
490
"for ti in tmp:\n",
491
" fw.write(ti[0] + \": \" + str(ti[1]) + \"\\n\")\n",
492
"fw.close()"
493
]
494
},
495
{
496
"cell_type": "markdown",
497
"metadata": {},
498
"source": [
499
"### - 12.调出字符串'AV is largest Analytics community of India'中每个字母Extract each character\n",
500
"\n",
501
"代码如下："
502
]
503
},
504
{
505
"cell_type": "code",
506
"execution_count": null,
507
"metadata": {
508
"collapsed": true
509
},
510
"outputs": [],
511
"source": [
512
"import re\n",
513
"result=re.findall(r'\\w','AV is largest Analytics community of India')\n",
514
"print(result)"
515
]
516
},
517
{
518
"cell_type": "markdown",
519
"metadata": {},
520
"source": [
521
"##### 提示：用“\\w“"
522
]
523
},
524
{
525
"cell_type": "markdown",
526
"metadata": {},
527
"source": [
528
"### - 13.获取昨天日期\n",
529
"\n",
530
"代码如下："
531
]
532
},
533
{
534
"cell_type": "code",
535
"execution_count": null,
536
"metadata": {
537
"collapsed": true
538
},
539
"outputs": [],
540
"source": [
541
"# 引入 datetime 模块\n",
542
"import datetime\n",
543
"def getYesterday(): \n",
544
" today=datetime.date.today() # 请加注释\n",
545
" oneday=datetime.timedelta(days=1) # 请加注释\n",
546
" yesterday=today-oneday # 请加注释\n",
547
" return yesterday\n",
548
" \n",
549
"# 输出\n",
550
"print(getYesterday())"
551
]
552
},
553
{
554
"cell_type": "markdown",
555
"metadata": {},
556
"source": [
557
"##### 提示：以上代码通过导入 datetime 模块来获取昨天的日期"
558
]
559
},
560
{
561
"cell_type": "markdown",
562
"metadata": {},
563
"source": [
564
"### - 14.生成日历\n",
565
"\n",
566
"代码如下："
567
]
568
},
569
{
570
"cell_type": "code",
571
"execution_count": null,
572
"metadata": {
573
"collapsed": true
574
},
575
"outputs": [],
576
"source": [
577
"# 引入日历模块\n",
578
"import calendar\n",
579
" \n",
580
"# 输入指定年月\n",
581
"yy = int(input(\"输入年份: \"))\n",
582
"mm = int(input(\"输入月份: \"))\n",
583
" \n",
584
"# 显示日历\n",
585
"print(calendar.month(yy,mm))"
586
]
587
},
588
{
589
"cell_type": "markdown",
590
"metadata": {},
591
"source": [
592
"### - 15.最大公约数算法\n",
593
"\n",
594
"代码如下："
595
]
596
},
597
{
598
"cell_type": "code",
599
"execution_count": null,
600
"metadata": {
601
"collapsed": true
602
},
603
"outputs": [],
604
"source": [
605
"# 定义一个函数\n",
606
"def hcf(x, y):\n",
607
" \"\"\"该函数返回两个数的最大公约数\"\"\"\n",
608
" \n",
609
" # 获取最小值\n",
610
" if x > y:\n",
611
" smaller = y\n",
612
" else:\n",
613
" smaller = x\n",
614
" \n",
615
" for i in range(1,smaller + 1):\n",
616
" if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):\n",
617
" hcf = i\n",
618
" \n",
619
" return hcf\n",
620
" \n",
621
" \n",
622
"# 用户输入两个数字\n",
623
"num1 = int(input(\"输入第一个数字: \"))\n",
624
"num2 = int(input(\"输入第二个数字: \"))\n",
625
" \n",
626
"print( num1,\"和\", num2,\"的最大公约数为\", hcf(num1, num2))"
627
]
628
},
629
{
630
"cell_type": "markdown",
631
"metadata": {},
632
"source": [
633
"### - 16.任意定义三个数(有整型和浮点型)，通过比较判断，输出其最大者。\n",
634
"\n",
635
"代码如下："
636
]
637
},
638
{
639
"cell_type": "code",
640
"execution_count": null,
641
"metadata": {
642
"collapsed": true
643
},
644
"outputs": [],
645
"source": [
646
"nums = [3, 12.5, 5.562] # input\n",
647
"maxNum = nums[0]\n",
648
"for i in range(1, len(nums)):\n",
649
" # your code here\n",
650
" # your code here\n",
651
"print (\"The maximum value is\", maxNum)"
652
]
653
},
654
{
655
"cell_type": "markdown",
656
"metadata": {},
657
"source": [
658
"### - 17.用list comprehension生成1-20000之间所有能被3整除不能被5整除的数\n",
659
"\n",
660
"代码如下："
661
]
662
},
663
{
664
"cell_type": "code",
665
"execution_count": null,
666
"metadata": {
667
"collapsed": true
668
},
669
"outputs": [],
670
"source": [
671
"nums = [num for num in range(1, 20001) if num % 3 == 0 and num % 5 != 0]\n",
672
"print nums\n",
673
"# 程序有个小bug，请找出并更正"
674
]
675
},
676
{
677
"cell_type": "markdown",
678
"metadata": {},
679
"source": [
680
"### - 18.练习切片，取出上述列表中前10个数，最后5个数，下标为偶数的数，并把列表逆序。\n",
681
"\n",
682
"代码如下："
683
]
684
},
685
{
686
"cell_type": "code",
687
"execution_count": null,
688
"metadata": {
689
"collapsed": true
690
},
691
"outputs": [],
692
"source": [
693
"nums = [num for num in range(1, 20001) if num % 3 == 0 and num % 5 != 0]\n",
694
"print (nums[:10]) # 请加注释\n",
695
"print (nums[-5:]) # 请加注释\n",
696
"print (nums[::2]) # 请加注释\n",
697
"print (sorted(nums, reverse = True)) # 请加注释"
698
]
699
},
700
{
701
"cell_type": "markdown",
702
"metadata": {
703
"collapsed": true
704
},
705
"source": [
706
"### -19.定义一个函数，完成一个小任务：对于给定的银行定期利率(输入)，计算多少年后可以连本带息翻番。\n",
707
"\n",
708
"代码如下："
709
]
710
},
711
{
712
"cell_type": "code",
713
"execution_count": null,
714
"metadata": {
715
"collapsed": true
716
},
717
"outputs": [],
718
"source": [
719
"def helper(rates):\n",
720
" n = 1\n",
721
" while True:\n",
722
" if (1 + rates) ** n >= 2:\n",
723
" break\n",
724
" n += 1\n",
725
" print (n, \"years\")\n",
726
"\n",
727
"helper(0.26)"
728
]
729
},
730
{
731
"cell_type": "markdown",
732
"metadata": {
733
"collapsed": true
734
},
735
"source": [
736
"### - 20.九九乘法表\n",
737
"\n",
738
"代码如下："
739
]
740
},
741
{
742
"cell_type": "code",
743
"execution_count": null,
744
"metadata": {
745
"collapsed": true
746
},
747
"outputs": [],
748
"source": [
749
"# 九九乘法表\n",
750
"for i in range(1, 10):\n",
751
" for j in range(1, i+1):\n",
752
" print('{}x{}={}\\t'.format(i, j, i*j), end='')\n",
753
" print()"
754
]
755
},
756
{
757
"cell_type": "markdown",
758
"metadata": {},
759
"source": [
760
"----------\n",
761
"\n",
762
"## 更多福利\n",
763
"\n",
764
"微信扫描下面二维码，加404妹纸，可以获取更多福利哦！\n",
765
" "
766
]
767
}
768
],
769
"metadata": {
770
"kernelspec": {
771
"display_name": "Python 3",
772
"language": "python",
773
"name": "python3"
774
},
775
"language_info": {
776
"codemirror_mode": {
777
"name": "ipython",
778
"version": 3
779
},
780
"file_extension": ".py",
781
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
782
"name": "python",
783
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
784
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
785
"version": "3.5.2"
786
}
787
},
788
"nbformat": 4,
789
"nbformat_minor": 2
790
}