通过100个单词掌握英语语法(十一)been

[be的过去分词]   
(1)实义动词： It has been a nice day. It must have been terrible.
(2)助动词: Have you been waiting long? The photocopier hasn't been fixed.

语法结构
1  名词短语 | + have/has | + been
   I've been really busy lately.
   Has Eric been a good boy?
   谈论从过去持续到现在的状态。(这是现在完成时的一个用法。)

   1a 名词短语 | +have/has   | +been   | + to  | + 名词短语
      Why are you late ? ~ I've been to the dentist.
      This week the Prime Minister has been to Brussels and Rome,and next week
      he is going to Moscow.
      表示某人去过某个地方且已经回来。
     
   1b there | + have/has | + been  | + 名词短语
      There have been reports of an accident on the M5.
      I can't issue your ticket yet. There has been a problem with the computer.
      Has there been any news from home?
      宣布(或询问)从过去到现在的某段时间里已经发生的事件。

2   have/has | + been | + -ing
    The boys have been playing all morning.
    The phone hasn't been working since last week.
    谈论从过去某个时间直到现在或最近一直在进行的活动或情况。(这叫做
    现在完成进行时。)

3   had | + been | + -ing
    It had been raining and the roads were slippery...
    When she arrived,we had been waiting nearly an hour.
    谈论到过去某个时间点之前一直在进行的活动或情况。(这叫做过去完成进行时。)

4   have/has | + been | + 过去分词
    A man and a woman have been arrested.
    The old post office has been pulled down.
    Have my shirts been washed?
    谈论从过去到现在的某段时间里发生的事情，无需表明施动者是谁(这叫做
    现在完成时的被动语态。)

5   情态动词 | + have | + been
    Who ate all the plums? ~I don't know.It might have been Sara. Or it could have been Leo.
    You should have been at the meeting.It was really interesting.
    My dad would have been furious,if he'd known.
    谈论过去的可能性、或然性或意愿。

搭配
    常见的与(过去和现在)完成进行时相关的表示时间的单词包括:all,for,lately,since和just.
    He said,'What have you been doing all this time?'
    They had been trying to contact her for several days.
    She's been getting terribly restless lately.
    Tom has been training people in the use of business software since 1983.
    I've just been speaking to him on the phone.
   
固定短语
    'it's been one of those days' 倒霉的一天
    You look tired.~ Yes,it's been one of those days.
    表示你度过了忙碌而又疲劳的一天。
    'it's been ages since' 很久没做...
    It's been ages since I saw a good film.
    强调自上次某事发生之后时间的长度。