本文将介绍常见的线程池的使用方法,介绍线程池的参数、拒绝策略、返回参数获取以及定时调度。
利用多线程我们可以合理的利用cpu资源,更加高效的完成工作,不过如果我们频繁的创建、销毁线程,也会对系统的资源造成消耗。
因此,我们也可以利用池化技术,就像数据库的连接池一样,使用线程池来管理多个线程,不对这些线程进行销毁,然后反复的使用这些线程。在Tomcat
服务器中,可能同一时间服务器会收到大量的请求,频繁的创建、销毁线程肯定不可行,因此就使用了线程池技术。
线程池一般具有容量限制,如果所有的线程都处于工作状态,在接受到新的多线程请求时,将会进入阻塞状态,直到有可用的空闲线程,实际上就是使用阻塞队列处理的。
我们可以使用ThreadPoolExecutor
对象来创建线程池,先看看它的构造方法。
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?
null :
AccessController.getContext();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
解释下上面的参数。
corePoolSize
:核心线程容量,如果需要使用一个线程,当未达到线程池核心线程容量前,不管有没有空闲的线程,都会创建一个新的线程。也可以使用prestartCoreThread
在一开始就一次性完成所有核心线程的创建。workQueue
:等待队列,如果需要使用一个线程,当corePoolSize的线程满了,而且没有空闲线程时,线程将会进入等待队列。maximumPoolSize
:最大线程池容量,如果等待队列满了,需要使用一个线程时,会直接创建一个新的非核心线程,但创建的线程不可以超过maximumPoolSize
。handler
:如果又来一个新的任务,此时连最大线程池容量也满了,就需要使用handler来值性拒绝策略。keepAliveTime
:非核心线程空闲后的存活时间,当非核心线程空闲超过这个时间后就会被销毁。unit
:keepAliveTime的时间单位。threadFactory
:线程创建工厂,我们可以干涉线程创建的过程,自定义线程的创建。了解了ThreadPoolExecutor
的构造方法后,我们会发现,线程池大小的限定是很重要的,合理的线程池大小的设置会使线程池的执行效率事半功倍。如何合理设置呢?
首先,线程任务有两种类型:cpu密集型任务和I/O密集型任务。
好了,万事俱备,只欠东风,现在我们来正式创建一个线程池看看效果吧。我们这里使用一个参数少点的构造方法。
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
}
来。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//corePoolSize:2 ;maximumPoolSize:4; keepAliveTime:3s;workQueueSize:2
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2));
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread :" + finalI);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread :" + finalI);
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize()); //查看当前线程池中线程数,此时应该最多有4个线程,因为线程池最大容量是4
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); //keepAliveTime已过
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
}
其输出如下。
我们看看i的输出顺序,似乎有点奇怪,我们来分析下。首先i为0,1的线程会先执行,其次i为3,4的线程进入等待队列,最后i为5,6的线程直接对线程池扩容执行,此时线程池满,i为3,4的线程等待有空闲线程时才会执行。所以就是0145先执行,23后执行。至于0,1,4,5或2,3两组内部的执行顺序这里留个坑。
我们还会发现,上面的程序怎么不退出呢?这是因为我们没有销毁线程池。里面的核心线程会一直处于等待状态。来关闭下。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2));
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread " + finalI);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI);
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow(); //关闭线程池,取消等待队列中的任务,试图终止正在执行的任务,不再接收新的任务
// executor.shutdown(); 执行完等待队列中的任务再关闭
}
上面我们等待队列使用的是容量为2的ArrayBlockingQueue
,我们把它换成SynchronousQueue
看看会发生什么?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>());
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread " + finalI);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI);
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
}
输出如下。
在线程0,1,2,3执行完后,报出来的异常信息是java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
,它执行了拒绝策略。我们来分析下,首先1,2执行没问题,3,4首先想要进入等待队列,不过SynchronousQueue
根本没有容量,相当于等待队列满了,因此开始进行创建新的线程池,等5,6来时,线程池已经达到最大的线程数,因此执行了拒绝策略。这里的默认拒绝策略使用的是抛出异常。我们也可以修改。并且上面的程序不会退出,原因是啥笔者还没有弄明白,如果有大佬知道欢迎在评论区不吝赐教哟。
线程池的拒绝策略有以下几个。
AbortPolicy
: 直接抛出异常CallerRunsPolicy
:让提交任务的线程去执行任务(比如上面的线程任务都是主线程提交的)。DiscardOldestPolicy
:将最早进入等待队列中的任务丢弃。DiscardPolicy
:啥也不做,直接拒绝先来测试下CallerRunsPolicy
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:"+ finalI + " ,name:"+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI + " ,name:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
}
其执行结果如下。
可以看到i为4的线程确实是由主线程执行的哟。等它在主线程执行完的时候,正好线程池也有空闲线程了,因此就又可以让线程池的线程执行任务了。
接下来演示下DiscardOldestPolicy
。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2), new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:"+ finalI );
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI );
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
}
其输出如下。
Thread2没有执行,这是因为它是最早进入等待队列的,在最后一个任务提交时,使用拒绝策略DiscardOldestPolicy
将其取消了。
如果使用SynchronousQueue
做等待队列,DiscardOldestPolicy
做拒绝策略,会出现什么情况呢?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:"+ finalI );
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI );
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
}
输出结果如下。
居然直接爆栈了。为什么呢?我们得看看它的源码了。
public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) { //如果线程池没有关闭
e.getQueue().poll(); //将等待队列队顶中元素出队
e.execute(r); //再调用线程池的execute方法
}
}
}
原因找到了,原来e.getQueue().poll()
对于SynchronousQueue
没有任何的意义,它会陷入死循环,一遍遍的执行execute
,再执行拒绝策略,最后导致栈溢出。
最后演示下DiscardPolicy
。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:"+ finalI );
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI );
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
}
结果如下。真的太简单了,不讲解了。
除了官方提供的拒绝策略外,我们也可以使用自定义的拒绝策略哟。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(), (r, e) -> {
System.out.println("full,full,full!");
r.run(); //直接在当前的(调用提交方法所在)线程运行
});
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:" + finalI + " ,name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI + " ,name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
}
我们之前也提到过,我们可以利用线程创建工厂干涉线程的创建过程。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2), new ThreadFactory() {
int count = 0;
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { //改变了线程的命名
return new Thread(r,"thread" + count++);
}
});
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:" + finalI + " ,name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI + " ,name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
}
如果线程池中的线程遇到异常会出现什么情况呢,会不会被销毁呢?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>());
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
throw new RuntimeException("error");
});
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
});
}
executor.shutdown();
输出如下,两次输出的线程名字不同。看来线程池中抛异常的确实会被销毁哟。
除了使用new一个ThreadPoolExecutor的方法,我们还可以使用Executors
创建一个线程池。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
// 创建容量固定为10的线程池
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); //ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService, AbstractExecutorService implements ExecutorService
service.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("hello.word");
});
service.shutdown();
}
对比下之前的创建方式。即使是参数最少的构造方法,Executors创建也比new一个ThreadPoolExecutor更加简洁。
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2));
再看看源码。就是说包装是yyds。
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
上面是创建容量固定为10的线程池,还可以创建使用newSingleThreadExecutor
容量为1的线程,有点单例的感觉。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); //ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService, AbstractExecutorService implements ExecutorService
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
service.submit(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "execute");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "finished");
});
}
service.shutdown();
}
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
里面返回的是FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
,并且其构造方法的参数是ThreadPoolExecutor
对象,点进去看看到底是什么?
static class FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
extends DelegatedExecutorService {
FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) {
super(executor);
}
protected void finalize() {
super.shutdown();
}
}
原来里面重写了finalize
,当线程池被gc时会调用shutdown方法。将传过来的ThreadPoolExecutor
又传给了其父类DelegatedExecutorService
.点 super(executor)
看看里面做了什么?
static class DelegatedExecutorService extends AbstractExecutorService {
private final ExecutorService e;
DelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) { e = executor; }
public void execute(Runnable command) { e.execute(command); }
public void shutdown() { e.shutdown(); }
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() { return e.shutdownNow(); }
public boolean isShutdown() { return e.isShutdown(); }
public boolean isTerminated() { return e.isTerminated(); }
...
}
原来最后还是调用ExecutorService
来实现的逻辑呀。有没有代理的感觉?包装的目的主要是为了安全性。我们看看将它创建的对象强转成ThreadPoolExecutor
。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
}
报错。这是因为它根本不是ThreadPoolExecutor类型的对象。
如果是newFixedThreadPool
强转运行就不会报错。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
}
输出如下。
强转以后可以干什么,当然是动态修改参数了。比如。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
}
这样我们线程池的核心容量就改变了。想象要是newSingleThreadExecutor
创建的对象也可以改变容量大小,它还可以称之为单线程线程池么?我们使用它来编码,不就有可能因为不知道其容量发生了变化出错吗?
看看源码,newCachedThreadPool是做什么的?
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory);
}
可以看出来,其核心线程数是0,最大线程数是Integer.MAX_VALUE
,空闲等待时间是60s,等待队列没有容量。由于其最大线程数几乎可以让你想创建多少线程就创建多少线程,并且空闲线程等待时间是很长的,有60s,因此可能存在许多隐患,建议谨慎使用。
使用submit
方法(而不是execute
)提交任务可以获取任务执行的返回。
先使用下面带Callable
传参的版本的submit
<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
来
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> future = service.submit(() -> "hello,world");
System.out.println(future.get()); //注意get方法不带时间参数是默认阻塞等待结果的
}
执行结果如下。
也可以使用submit
的下面这个带Runnable
和result
重载方法。
<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
来。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> future = service.submit(() ->{
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}, "hello,world");
System.out.println(future.get());
}
还可以使用带FutureTask
参数的构造方法。这种方式在get
时是不是更加简洁一点点?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask(() -> "hello,world");
service.submit(task);
System.out.println(task.get());
service.shutdown();
}
上面三种方法都可以获取任务执行的返回结果。我们还可以通过Future
对象获取当前任务的执行状态。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask(() -> "hello,world");
service.submit(task);
System.out.println(task.get());
System.out.println(task.isDone());
System.out.println(task.isCancelled());
service.shutdown();
}
输出结果如下哟。
如果我们不用get来阻塞的等待执行结果,输出结果还会一样吗?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask(() -> "hello,world");
service.submit(task);
System.out.println(task.isDone());
System.out.println(task.isCancelled());
service.shutdown();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> task = service.submit(() -> {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
return "hello";
});
task.cancel(true);
System.out.println(task.isDone());
System.out.println(task.isCancelled());
service.shutdown();
}
jdk5以后,可以使用ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
来执行定时任务,它继承自ThreadPoolExecutor
。看看它的构造方法吧。可以发现其最大容量都是Integer.MAX_VALUE
,并且使用的等待队列都是DelayedWorkQueue
,是不是有种恍然大悟的感觉。
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue());
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory);
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue(), handler);
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory, handler);
}
来使用下吧。太简单了,是不是?
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1); //核心线程数1
executor.schedule(() ->System.out.println("hello,world!"), 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
executor.shutdown();
}
还可以设置按照一定的频率周期来执行任务。看看源码就会用。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(() ->System.out.println("hello,world!"), 1,3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //初始delay1s,之后每3s执行一次
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(20);
executor.shutdown();
}
它还有一个和上面方法很相似的方法scheduleWithFixedDelay
。它们甚至连参数都是一毛一样。你运行下看看,会发现好像效果也是一样的。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
executor.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() ->System.out.println("hello,world!"), 1,3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(20);
executor.shutdown();
}
那它们到底有什么其区别呢?您再运行下下面的代码。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
executor.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() ->{
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("hello,world!");
}, 1,3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(20);
executor.shutdown();
}
原来scheduleAtFixedRate
是按一定的频率去执行任务,不管任务有没有执行完,而scheduleWithFixedDelay
是在任务执行结束的基础上再delay一定时间去执行任务。