MacBook M1安装Numpy,Pandas,Matplotlib

我的环境

MacBook M1 + Python3.9 + Pycharm 2021

安装遇到的问题

当我们尝试使用 pip3 install numpy 或者 pip3 install pandas 时，它会显示以下的错误

错误 ①

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting numpy
  Using cached numpy-1.19.4.zip (7.3 MB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
  Getting requirements to build wheel: started
  Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
    Preparing wheel metadata: started
    Preparing wheel metadata: finished with status 'done'
Building wheels for collected packages: numpy
  Building wheel for numpy (PEP 517): started
  Building wheel for numpy (PEP 517): finished with status 'error'
Failed to build numpy

错误 ②

ERROR: Could not build wheels for scipy which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

常见的Numpy、Pandas安装方法总结

方法一 ：通过 Miniforge 安装

这种方法是目前最普遍的方法，但是在我使用了该方法安装后，Pycharm 中无法 import ，运行后找不到 numpy 和 pandas 模块，这种方法可以直接去搜，不再赘述，贴个链接：

macos - Trouble installing Pandas on new MacBook Air M1 - Stack Overflow

方法二：通过 tensflow 安装

通过 tensflow_macos 安装，但是仅限于 Python3.8 ，否则会遇到版本不兼容的错误，找了一个视频教学，但是这个方法对我不适用，我在安装的时候再次遇到了错误，贴个教学视频链接

Install tensorflow, matplotlib, pandas, jupyter notebook on MacBook with M1 chip - YouTube

方法三：通过 Rosetta 安装

下载 iterm ，依次点击 应用程序 -> 右键显示简介-> 使用Rosetta打开 ，打开后直接使用以下命令安装亲测没问题，但是如果你在 arm 的应用例如 Pycharm 中使用该模块依旧报错，说到底：X86 编译后只能使用 X86 ，arm 编译后只能使用 arm ，这种方法对我不适用，贴个教学视频链接：

Install Python with NumPy SciPy Matplotlib on macOS Big Sur Apple Silicon M1 - YouTube

简单粗暴，直接安装Numpy、Pandas，亲测高效（终极方法）

啥都不说了，直接肝，简单粗暴，安装测试

① 安装 Cython

kylewhite@kyledeMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 install cython --no-use-pep517 
Collecting cython
  Using cached Cython-0.29.22-py2.py3-none-any.whl (980 kB)
Installing collected packages: cython
Successfully installed cython-0.29.22                                                                                                                                       

② 安装 Numpy

kylewhite@kyledeMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 install numpy --no-use-pep517
Collecting numpy
  Using cached numpy-1.20.1.zip (7.8 MB)
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for numpy, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: numpy
    Running setup.py install for numpy ... done
Successfully installed numpy-1.20.1

③ 安装 Pandas

kylewhite@kyledeMacBook-Pro ~ % pip3 install pandas --no-use-pep517
Collecting pandas
  Using cached pandas-1.2.4.tar.gz (5.5 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7.3 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from pandas) (2.8.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2017.3 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from pandas) (2021.1)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.16.5 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from pandas) (1.20.3)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.7.3->pandas) (1.15.0)
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for pandas, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: pandas
    Running setup.py install for pandas ... done
Successfully installed pandas-1.2.4

使用 Pycharm 测试一波：

安装Matplotlib

直接安装，没什么问题，可能要警告或者错误但是没关系，只要显示 Successful installed 就可以了

 pip3 install matplotlib

测试一波