目录
多表查询概述
内连接
外连接
1). 左外连接
2). 右外连接
自连接
联合查询
子查询
标量子查询
列子查询
行子查询
表子查询
多表查询练习
隐式内连接
显式内连接
去重distinct
左外连接
between ... and ...
三表查询
函数AVG
标量子查询
命名引用
内连接:相当于查询 A 、 B 交集部分数据外连接:外连接分为两种,分别是:左外连接 和 右外连接左外连接:查询左表所有数据,以及两张表交集部分数据右外连接:查询右表所有数据,以及两张表交集部分数据自连接:当前表与自身的连接查询,自连接必须使用表别名
drop table dept;
drop table emp;
-- 创建dept表,并插入数据
create table dept(
id int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
)comment '部门表';
INSERT INTO dept (id, name) VALUES (1, '研发部'), (2, '市场部'),(3, '财务部'), (4,
'销售部'), (5, '总经办'), (6, '人事部');
-- 创建emp表,并插入数据
create table emp(
id int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
name varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
age int comment '年龄',
job varchar(20) comment '职位',
salary int comment '薪资',
entrydate date comment '入职时间',
managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
dept_id int comment '部门ID'
)comment '员工表';
-- 添加外键
alter table emp add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references
dept(id);
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, age, job,salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id)
VALUES
(1, '金庸', 66, '总裁',20000, '2000-01-01', null,5),
(2, '张无忌', 20, '项目经理',12500, '2005-12-05', 1,1),
(3, '杨逍', 33, '开发', 8400,'2000-11-03', 2,1),
(4, '韦一笑', 48, '开发',11000, '2002-02-05', 2,1),
(5, '常遇春', 43, '开发',10500, '2004-09-07', 3,1),
(6, '小昭', 19, '程序员鼓励师',6600, '2004-10-12', 2,1),
(7, '灭绝', 60, '财务总监',8500, '2002-09-12', 1,3),
(8, '周芷若', 19, '会计',48000, '2006-06-02', 7,3),
(9, '丁敏君', 23, '出纳',5250, '2009-05-13', 7,3),
(10, '赵敏', 20, '市场部总监',12500, '2004-10-12', 1,2),
(11, '鹿杖客', 56, '职员',3750, '2006-10-03', 10,2),
(12, '鹤笔翁', 19, '职员',3750, '2007-05-09', 10,2),
(13, '方东白', 19, '职员',5500, '2009-02-12', 10,2),
(14, '张三丰', 88, '销售总监',14000, '2004-10-12', 1,4),
(15, '俞莲舟', 38, '销售',4600, '2004-10-12', 14,4),
(16, '宋远桥', 40, '销售',4600, '2004-10-12', 14,4),
(17, '陈友谅', 42, null,2000, '2011-10-12', 1,null);
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表 1 , 表 2 WHERE 条件 ... ;
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表 1 [ INNER ] JOIN 表 2 ON 连接条件 ... ;
select emp.name , dept.name from emp , dept where emp.dept_id = dept.id ;
-- 为每一张表起别名,简化SQL编写
select e.name,d.name from emp e , dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;
select e.name, d.name from emp e inner join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
-- 为每一张表起别名,简化SQL编写
select e.name, d.name from emp e join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
注意:一旦为表起了别名,就不能再使用表名来指定对应的字段了,此时只能够使用别名来指定字段
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表 1 LEFT [ OUTER ] JOIN 表 2 ON 条件 ... ;
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表 1 RIGHT [ OUTER ] JOIN 表 2 ON 条件 ... ;
select e.*, d.name from emp e left outer join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
select e.*, d.name from emp e left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
select d.*, e.* from emp e right outer join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
select d.*, e.* from dept d left outer join emp e on e.dept_id = d.id;
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表 A 别名 A JOIN 表 A 别名 B ON 条件 ... ;
select a.name , b.name from emp a , emp b where a.managerid = b.id;
select a.name '员工', b.name '领导' from emp a left join emp b on a.managerid = b.id;
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表 A ...UNION [ ALL ]SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表 B ....;
select * from emp where salary < 5000
union all
select * from emp where age > 50;
select * from emp where salary < 5000
union
select * from emp where age > 50;
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = ( SELECT column1 FROM t2 );
select * from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '销售部');
select * from emp where entrydate > (select entrydate from emp where name = '方东白');
select * from emp where dept_id in (select id from dept where name = '销售部' or name = '市
场部');
select * from emp where salary > all ( select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id
from dept where name = '财务部') );
select * from emp where salary > any ( select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '研发部') );
select * from emp where (salary,managerid) = (select salary, managerid from emp where name = '张无忌');
select * from emp where (job,salary) in ( select job, salary from emp where name = '鹿杖客' or name = '宋远桥' );
select e.*, d.* from (select * from emp where entrydate > '2006-01-01') e left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id ;
create table salgrade(
grade int,
losal int,
hisal int
) comment '薪资等级表';
insert into salgrade values (1,0,3000);
insert into salgrade values (2,3001,5000);
insert into salgrade values (3,5001,8000);
insert into salgrade values (4,8001,10000);
insert into salgrade values (5,10001,15000);
insert into salgrade values (6,15001,20000);
insert into salgrade values (7,20001,25000);
insert into salgrade values (8,25001,30000);
select e.name , e.age , e.job , d.name from emp e , dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;
select e.name , e.age , e.job , d.name from emp e inner join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id where e.age < 30;
select distinct d.id , d.name from emp e , dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;
select e.*, d.name from emp e left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id where e.age > 40 ;
-- 方式一
select e.* , s.grade , s.losal, s.hisal from emp e , salgrade s where e.salary >=
s.losal and e.salary <= s.hisal;
-- 方式二
select e.* , s.grade , s.losal, s.hisal from emp e , salgrade s where e.salary
between s.losal and s.hisal;
select e.* , s.grade from emp e , dept d , salgrade s where e.dept_id = d.id and ( e.salary
between s.losal and s.hisal ) and d.name = '研发部';
select avg(e.salary) from emp e, dept d where e.dept_id = d.id and d.name = '研发部';
select * from emp where salary > ( select salary from emp where name = '灭绝' );
select * from emp where salary > ( select avg(salary) from emp );
select * from emp e2 where e2.salary < ( select avg(e1.salary) from emp e1 where e1.dept_id
= e2.dept_id );
select d.id, d.name , ( select count(*) from emp e where e.dept_id = d.id ) '人数' from dept d;
select s.name , s.no , c.name from student s , student_course sc , course c where s.id =
sc.studentid and sc.courseid = c.id ;