- R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP
- R3-R5/R6/R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
- 整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;
- 所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
- 减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
- 全网可达
划分思路:
一、先基于网络协议来划分,有几个大概分几个。
二、如果有用户网段一般给到 24 、 25、26个主机位
172.16.0.0/16:大概划分八个区域,剩下的两个区域拿来当做备用区域
区域0---- 172.16.0.0/19
172.16.0.0/24-----P2P的骨干
172.16.0.0/30
172.16.0.4/30
172.16.0.8/30
.....
172.16.0.63/30
172.16.1.0/24----MA的骨干
172.16.1.0/29
172.168.1.8/29
172.16.1.16/29
....
172.16.2.0/24----用户网段
.......
172.16.31.0/24
区域1---- 172.16.32.0/19
172.16.32.0/24-----P2P的骨干
172.16.32.0/30
172.16.32.4/30
172.16.32.8/30
172.16.33.0/24----MA的骨干
172.16.33.0/29
172.16.33.8/29
172.16.33.16/29
172.16.34.0/24
......
172.16.63.0/24
区域2---- 172.16.64.0/19
区域3---- 172.16.96.0/19
区域4---- 172.16.128.0/19
RIP区域---- 172.16.160.0/19
备用区域:
172.16.192.0/19
172.16.224.0/19
然后分别在以上6个区域依次划分,这里我就不描述了,划分结果如下图所示:
R1
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 29
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24
R2
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.1 24
R3
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.1 24
[r3-Serial4/0/0]
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2----缺省
R4
[isp]int Serial 4/0/0
[isp-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[isp-Serial4/0/1]ip address 54.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/1]int s 3/0/0
[isp-Serial3/0/0]ip address 64.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial3/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 74.0.0.2 24
R5
[r5]int s 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 54.0.0.1 24
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 54.0.0.2----缺省
R6
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 64.0.0.1 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]
[r6-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 29
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 64.0.0.2---缺省
R7
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 74.0.0.1 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[r7]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 29
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 74.0.0.2---缺省
R8
[r8]int g 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.9 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
R9
[r9]int g 0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.10 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.1 24
[r9-LoopBack0]
R10
[r10]int g 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 29
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.1 24
[r10-LoopBack0]
R11
[r11]int g 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 29
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.1 24
[r11-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.9 29
R12
[r12]int g 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.10 29
[r12-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.176.1 20
[r12-LoopBack1]int lo0
[r12-LoopBack0]undo ip address 172.16.160.1 24
[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.1 20
R3
[r3]int t 0/0/0---隧道接口、定义封装类型,R3作为站点
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp---定义封装类型
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic----开启伪广播
R5
[r5]int t 0/0/0-----定义隧道接口
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp---定义封装类型
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register---向R3进行注册
[r5]int lo0----模拟用户网段(环回)
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
R6
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp----定义封装类型
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24---环回
R7
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
[r7-LoopBack0]
R1
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
R2
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
R3
[r3]ospf 1 ro
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.36.1 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.1 0.0.0.0
[r3]int t 0/0/0-----更改接口类型---因为我们的MGRE环境是P2P类型,
它无法和其他路由器建立邻居关系,所以说我们需要修改网络接口类型,
如果改了其中一个,其他所有的接口都要改
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
R5
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]int t 0/0/0-----更改接口类型
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
R6
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]int t 0/0/0-----更改接口类型
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
R7
[r7]ospf 1 ro
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 74.0.0.1 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.1 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]int t 0/0/0-----更改接口类型
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
R8
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.9 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.98.1 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]
R9
[r9]ospf 1 ro
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.130.1 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]
R10
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]a 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.131.1 0.0.0.0
R11
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.9 0.0.0.0
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.66.1 0.0.0.0
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
R12
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
RIP
[r12]rip
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[r12-rip-1]
进行重发布过程,,将rip网络导入到ospf中,让两个不同的网络进行通信
因为路由器缺少area 4区域和rip区域路由,可以使用重发布将导入。
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
[r12-ospf-1]
删除区域4,重新创建OSPF2区域
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 19.19.19.19
[r9-ospf-2]a 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.130.1 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0
重发布ospf2
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]
汇总可以减少骨干区域收到的路由信息。
为了避免线路回环,我们可以配置空接口路由。
域间路由汇总:
R3
骨干区域发送路由信息时,将LSA汇总成一条3类LSA
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0-----空接口防环
R6
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
R7
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
R9
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
R12
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
区域1配置完全末梢区域:
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
区域2 :
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
区域3:
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
结果截图:
因为R10里面没有任何路由信息,所以我们可以在R9上配置一条缺省路由,由此可以全网可达。
[r9]os
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r5]int t 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]
[r6]int t 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r7]int t 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
因为R4周围只有R3、R6、R7三个设备,所以只需要在这三个设备上做NAT端口映射即可,源地址为R4的网段
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255----R4环回的地址
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r3-Serial4/0/0]
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
1、手工认证
2、虚链路认证
3、区域认证
三种方法里面随便选一个即可,这里我选择区域认证,也就是接口认证。
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]