mysql-差异备份

MysqL差异备份与恢复

binlog ：日志，记录了所有的写操作

1.开启mysql服务器的二进制日志功能

[root@clq ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
#skip-grant-tables
server-id=1     #服务id
log-bin=mysql-bin #日志服务

2.数据存放的位置/opt/data（二进制安装方式，其它安装路径不同）差异备份实现之前要先进行全量备份再进行差异备份，如下加数据：

#先进行全量备份(二进制日志方式)
mysqldump -uroot -p --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --all-databases --delete-master-logs > all-$(date "+%Y%m%d").sql
[root@clq ~]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 876049 8月  26 09:40 all-20210826.sql

1.查看正在用的日志文件
[root@clq data]# cat mysql-bin.index
./mysql-bin.000001 #误删之前的日志文件信息

2.查看mysql的数据表信息
mysql> select * from student02;
+----+------+------+-------+
| id | name | age  | score |
+----+------+------+-------+
|  5 | tom  | NULL |    80 |
|  6 | xixi | NULL |  89.5 |
|  7 | haha | NULL |    96 |
|  8 | oppo | NULL |    98 |
|  9 | A    |    1 |    99 |
| 10 | B    |    2 |    99 |
| 11 | C    |    1 |    99 |
| 12 | D    |    2 |    99 |
+----+------+------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.实现差异备份之前加点数据到表中(差异备份的数据)
mysql> select * from student02;
+----+------+------+-------+
| id | name | age  | score |
+----+------+------+-------+
|  5 | tom  | NULL |    80 |
|  6 | xixi | NULL |  89.5 |
|  7 | haha | NULL |    96 |
|  8 | oppo | NULL |    98 |
|  9 | A    |    1 |    99 |
| 10 | B    |    2 |    99 |
| 11 | C    |    1 |    99 |
| 12 | D    |    2 |    99 |
| 13 | E    |    1 |    99 |
| 14 | F    |    2 |    99 |
| 15 | G    |    1 |    99 |
| 16 | H    |    2 |    99 |
+----+------+------+-------+

3.进行误删(切记生产环境不要做)

[root@clq data]# mysql -uroot -p -e 'drop database clq;'
[root@clq data]# mysql -uroot -p -e 'show databases;'
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

4.刷新创建新的二进制日志

[root@clq ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p flush-logs
[root@clq data]# cat mysql-bin.index
./mysql-bin.000001
./mysql-bin.000002 #刷新产生的日志=误删日志标识

5.恢复之前完全备份的数据

[root@clq ~]# mysql -uroot -p < all-20210506.sql 
#查看数据
mysql> select * from student02;
+----+------+------+-------+
| id | name | age  | score |
+----+------+------+-------+
|  5 | tom  | NULL |    80 |
|  6 | xixi | NULL |  89.5 |
|  7 | haha | NULL |    96 |
|  8 | oppo | NULL |    98 |
|  9 | A    |    1 |    99 |
| 10 | B    |    2 |    99 |
| 11 | C    |    1 |    99 |
| 12 | D    |    2 |    99 |
+----+------+------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6.查看到误删前一刻的日志信息

mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql_bin.000001';  
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+                
| Log_name         | Pos  | Event_type     | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info  
| mysql-bin.000001 |  972 | Xid            |         1 |        1003 | COMMIT /* xid=446 */                  |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1003 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |        1068 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'  |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1068 | Query (<--要恢复的日志号)         |         1 |        1157 | drop database clq（误删时的日志信息）                  |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1157 | Rotate         |         1 |        1204 | mysql-bin.000002;pos=4  

7通过日志号恢复之前的增量的数据（增量备份恢复）

开始位置–start-position=# 暂停位置–stop-position=#

[root@clq ~]#mysqlbinlog --stop-position=1068（日志号） /opt/data/mysql_bin.000001 |mysql -uroot -p
+----+------+------+-------+
| id | name | age  | score |
+----+------+------+-------+
|  5 | tom  | NULL |    80 |
|  6 | xixi | NULL |  89.5 |
|  7 | haha | NULL |    96 |
|  8 | oppo | NULL |    98 |
|  9 | A    |    1 |    99 |
| 10 | B    |    2 |    99 |
| 11 | C    |    1 |    99 |
| 12 | D    |    2 |    99 |
| 13 | E    |    1 |    99 |
| 14 | F    |    2 |    99 |
| 15 | G    |    1 |    99 |
| 16 | H    |    2 |    99 |
+----+------+------+-------+
完成！！！

8.修改日志备份的文件，来实现增量数据的还原

[root@mysql ~]# mysqlbinlog /opt/data/mysql-bin.000002  > diff.sql
[root@clq ~]# vim diff.sql 
...
COMMIT/*!*/;                   
# at 425
#210826 14:09:03 server id 1  end_log_pos 490 CRC32 0x77739e44  Anonymous_GTID  last_committed=1        sequence_number=2       rbr_only=no
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 490
#210826 14:09:03 server id 1  end_log_pos 579 CRC32 0x570b702e  Query   thread_id=4     exec_time=0     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1629958143/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=4/*!*/;
drop database clq                       #此处为删除库的语句
/*!*/;
# at 579
#210826 14:09:25 server id 1  end_log_pos 626 CRC32 0xe9da1edc  Rotate to mysql-bin.000006  pos: 4
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

#只留这几行
COMMIT/*!*/;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

#进行差异备份的数据恢复
[root@mysql ~]# mysql  -u root -p < diff.sql 
mysql> select * from student02;
+----+------+------+-------+
| id | name | age  | score |
+----+------+------+-------+
|  5 | tom  | NULL |    80 |
|  6 | xixi | NULL |  89.5 |
|  7 | haha | NULL |    96 |
|  8 | oppo | NULL |    98 |
|  9 | A    |    1 |    99 |
| 10 | B    |    2 |    99 |
| 11 | C    |    1 |    99 |
| 12 | D    |    2 |    99 |
| 13 | E    |    1 |    99 |
| 14 | F    |    2 |    99 |
| 15 | G    |    1 |    99 |
| 16 | H    |    2 |    99 |
+----+------+------+-------+