数学建模--K-近邻算法

K-近邻算法(KNN)是最简单的的分类算法,采用测量不同特征值之间的距离方法进行分类,精度高,对异常数据不敏感,但是缺点也很明显,计算复杂度高 ,空间复杂度高。

import numpy as np
import operator
def classify0(inX, dataSet, labels, k):
    dataSetSize = dataSet.shape[0]#读取dataSet的列数

    #计算欧式距离
    diffMat = np.tile(inX, (dataSetSize,1)) - dataSet
    sqDiffMat = diffMat**2
    sqDistances = sqDiffMat.sum(axis=1)
    distances = sqDistances**0.5

    sortedDistIndicies = distances.argsort()#返回数组从小到大的索引值      
    classCount={}          
    for i in range(k):
        voteIlabel = labels[sortedDistIndicies[i]]#从小到大的距离的对应标签
        classCount[voteIlabel] = classCount.get(voteIlabel,0) + 1#记录不同标签的出现次数 
    sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.iteritems(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
    return sortedClassCount[0][0]#返回距离最近的标签
def createDataSet():
    group = np.array([[1.0,1.1],[1.0,1.0],[0,0],[0,0.1],[1,0],[1.0,0.1],[0,1.1],[0,1]])
    labels = ['A','A','B','B','C','C','D','D']
    return group, labels
if __name__ == '__main__':
    print 'example:'
    g,l=createDataSet()   
    print classify0([0.2,1],g,l,3)

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