Linux shell:嵌入式调试之devmem命令

原文地址:https://www.veryarm.com/44366.html

在Linux开发中着实用到的调试工具并不是很多。devmem的方式是提供给驱动开发人员,在应用层能够侦测内存地址中的数据变化,以此来检测驱动中对内存或者相关配置的正确性验证。

http://blog.csdn.net/hens007/article/details/7268447

这个工具的原理也比较简单,就是应用程序通过mmap函数实现对/dev/mem驱动中mmap方法的使用,映射了设备的内存到用户空间,实现对这些物理地址的读写操作。

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define FATAL do { fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d, file %s (%d) [%s]n", 
  __LINE__, __FILE__, errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } while(0)

#define MAP_SIZE 4096UL
#define MAP_MASK (MAP_SIZE - 1)

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int fd;
    void *map_base, *virt_addr; 
    unsigned long read_result, writeval;
    off_t target;
    int access_type = 'w';

    if(argc < 2) {//若参数个数少于两个则打印此工具的使用方法
        fprintf(stderr, "nUsage:t%s { address } [ type [ data ] ]n"
            "taddress : memory address to act uponn"
            "ttype    : access operation type : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ordn"
            "tdata    : data to be writtennn",
            argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }
    target = strtoul(argv[1], 0, 0);

    if(argc > 2)
        access_type = tolower(argv[2][0]);


    if((fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) == -1) FATAL;
    printf("/dev/mem opened.n"); 
    fflush(stdout);

    /* Map one page */ //将内核空间映射到用户空间
    map_base = mmap(0, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, target & ~MAP_MASK);
    if(map_base == (void *) -1) FATAL;
    printf("Memory mapped at address %p.n", map_base); 
    fflush(stdout);

    virt_addr = map_base + (target & MAP_MASK);
    //针对不同的参数获取不同类型内存数据
		switch(access_type) {
        case 'b':
            read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
            break;
        case 'h':
            read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
            break;
        case 'w':
            read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
            break;
        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "Illegal data type '%c'.n", access_type);
            exit(2);
    }
    printf("Value at address 0x%X (%p): 0x%Xn", target, virt_addr, read_result); 
    fflush(stdout);
        //若参数大于3个,则说明为写入操作,针对不同参数写入不同类型的数据
    if(argc > 3) {
        writeval = strtoul(argv[3], 0, 0);
        switch(access_type) {
            case 'b':
                *((unsigned char *) virt_addr) = writeval;
                read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
                break;
            case 'h':
                *((unsigned short *) virt_addr) = writeval;
                read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
                break;
            case 'w':
                *((unsigned long *) virt_addr) = writeval;
                read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
                break;
        }
        printf("Written 0x%X; readback 0x%Xn", writeval, read_result); 
        fflush(stdout);
    }

    if(munmap(map_base, MAP_SIZE) == -1) FATAL;
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

memdev:直接读写内存。

可以在busybox的杂项中找到:

CONFIG_USER_BUSYBOX_DEVMEM:

devmem is a small program that reads and writes from physical
memory using /dev/mem.

Symbol: USER_BUSYBOX_DEVMEM [=y]
Prompt: devmem
Defined at …/user/busybox/busybox-1.14.3/miscutils/Kconfig:216
Depends on: USER_BUSYBOX_BUSYBOX
Location:
-> BusyBox (USER_BUSYBOX_BUSYBOX [=y])
-> Miscellaneous Utilities

[用法]
Usage: devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]
读取:在地址0x97000000读取32bit值(WIDTH默认等于32, 可选值为[8, 16, 32, 64])
/dev # devmem 0x97000000
0x11111111
读取:在地址0x97000000读取16bit值
/dev # devmem 0x97000000 16
0x1111

写入:在地址0x97000000写入32bit值0x7777ABCD
/dev # devmem 0x97000000 32 0x7777ABCD
/dev # devmem 0x97000000
0x7777ABCD

注意:如果/dev下没有mem这个node,会出现错误:
/dev # devmem 0x97000000
devmem: can’t open ‘/dev/mem’: No such file or directory

这时可以在Host系统中手动创建一个(例如在NFS root filesystem模式):
host@host-laptop:~/embedded/tftpboot/nfsroot/dev$ sudo mknod mem -m666 c 1 1
注意这里的权限是666,允许任何人任意读写,可以很好的配合程序debug。

/dev # devmem 0x97000000
0x7777ABCD


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原文转自:https://blog.csdn.net/eastcnme/article/details/105404892

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