前沿
数组长度是固定的,那么在很多时候我们并不知道到底有多少数据需要存储,这时候我么就需要一个可变长度的数组来进行存储,在C语言中需要我们自己进行定义,我们称为集合
定义结构
typedef struct charlist {
char **str;
int len;
int capacity;
}CharList;
typedef int boolean;//定义一个布尔类型
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
创建List
//创建一个空节点, 可以指定容量默认为10
CharList *createCharList(int size) {
if (size < 10) {
size = 10;
}
//初始化结构体和一个2级指针
CharList *charList = (CharList *) calloc(1, sizeof(CharList));
charList->str= (char **) calloc(size, sizeof(char *));
charList->len = 0;
charList->capacity = size;
return charList;
}
扩容
//扩容
static void dilatation(CharList **pCharList) {
CharList *charList = *pCharList;
int capacity1 =charList->capacity;//获取当前节点的容积
int size = capacity1 + (capacity1 * 0.75);//容积增加
charList->capacity= size;//更新容积
char **p1 = (char **) realloc(charList->str,size*sizeof(char *));
charList->str=p1;
}
创建数据节点
static char *createData(char *data){
//插入数据
char *pData = (char *) calloc(strlen(data) + 1,sizeof(char) ); //为啥要+1因为字符串结尾需要有一个空字符
strcpy(pData,data);
return pData;
}
给集合添加值
//添加一个值 ,容量不够会自动在原有基础上进行扩容*0.75
void addCharList(CharList **pCharList, char *value) {
CharList *charList = *pCharList;
int len1 = charList->len;//获取当前节点的长度
int capacity1 =charList->capacity;//获取数组的容量
if (len1 == capacity1) {
dilatation(pCharList);//扩容
}
charList->str[len1] = createData(value);//插入数据
charList->len++;
}
删除集合内指定的值
void deleteCharList(CharList **pCharList, char *value) {
CharList *charList = *pCharList;
int len1 = charList->len;//获取当前节点的长度
for (int i = 0; i < len1; ++i) {
if (strcmp(charList->str[i],value)==0) {//找到了
free(charList->str[i]);//释放内存
for (int j = i; j < len1 - 1; ++j) {//后面的节点向前移动
charList->str[j] = charList->str[j + 1];
}
charList->len--;
break;
}
}
}
删除集合内指定下标的值
//删除集合内指定下标的值
void deleteCharListByIndex(CharList **pCharList, int index) {
CharList *charList = *pCharList;
int len1 = charList->len;//获取当前节点的长度
if (index < 0 || index >= len1) {
return;
}
free(charList->str[index]);//释放内存
for (int j = index; j < len1 - 1; ++j) {//后面的节点向前移动
charList->str[j] = charList->str[j + 1];
}
charList->len--;
}
打印集合
//打印所有节点
void printCharList(CharList *pCharList) {
int len1 = pCharList->len;
for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
printf("%s\n", pCharList->str[i]);
}
}
迭代器
先这样简单的使用,如果有需要可以自己定义一套迭代机制
void charListIterator(CharList *pCharList,void (*func)(char *)) {
int len1 = pCharList->len;
for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
func(pCharList->str[i]);
}
}
查询指定元素的下标(第一个)
//查询指定元素的下标 ,没有找到返回-1
int charListIndexOf(CharList *pCharList, char *value) {
int len1 = pCharList->len;
for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
if (strcmp(pCharList->str[i],value)==0) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
末尾查询指定元素下标(第一个)
int charListLastIndexOf(CharList *pCharList, char *value) {
int len1 = pCharList->len;
for (int i = len1 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (strcmp(pCharList->str[i],value)==0) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
判断数组是否有序
/**
* 判断数组是否有序
* @param pCharList
* @param type TRUE: 按照ASCII码排序 FALSE: 安装字符长度排序
* @return
*/
boolean charListIsSorted(CharList *pCharList,boolean type) {
int len1 = pCharList->len;
boolean result; //返回结果
if(type){//按照ASCII码排序方式进行判断
//从小到大
for (int i = 0; i < len1 - 1; i++) {
if (strcmp(pCharList->str[i],pCharList->str[i + 1])>0) {
result=FALSE;
break;
}
}
//从大到小
for (int i = 0; i < len1 - 1; i++) {
if (strcmp(pCharList->str[i],pCharList->str[i + 1])<0) {
result=FALSE;
break;
}
}
}else{
//从小到大
for (int i = 0; i < len1 - 1; i++) {
if (strlen(pCharList->str[i])>strlen(pCharList->str[i + 1])) {
result=FALSE;
break;
}
}
//从大到小
for (int i = 0; i < len1 - 1; i++) {
if (strlen(pCharList->str[i])str[i + 1])) {
result=FALSE;
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}
二分查询
/**
* 二分查询,没有找到返回-1 以ASCII码查询
* @param pCharList
* @param value
* @return 找到返回下标,没有找到返回-1
*/
int charListBinarySearch(CharList *pCharList, char *value) {
if(!charListIsSorted(pCharList,TRUE)){ //判断是否是排序的数组,如果不是那么我们给排序
//二分查询需要是有序的数组,所以需要先排序 以ASCII码进行排序
charListSort(pCharList,1);
}
int len1 = pCharList->len;
int low = 0;
int high = len1 - 1;
while (low <= high) {
int mid = (low + high) / 2;//中间下标
if (strcmp(pCharList->str[mid],value)==0) {//找到了
return mid;
}
if (strcmp(pCharList->str[mid],value)>0) {//中间值比查找值大
high = mid - 1;//向左找
} else {//比中间值比差值值小
low = mid + 1;//向右找
}
}
return -1;
}
修改集合指定元素的值
//修改指定元素的值
void charListSet(CharList *pCharList, char *value, int index) {
int len1 = pCharList->len;
if (index < 0 || index >= len1) {
return;
}
free(pCharList->str[index]);
pCharList->str[index] = createData(value);
}
快速排序
//快速排序 (根据ASCII码排序,从小到大)
static void quickSort(char **str, int left, int right) {
if (left >= right) {
return;
}
char *p = str[left];
int i = left;
int j = right;
while (i < j) {
while (i < j && strcmp(str[j],p)>=0) {
j--;
}
str[i] = str[j];
while (i < j && strcmp(str[i],p)<=0) {
i++;
}
str[j] = str[i];
}
str[i] = p;
quickSort(str, left, i - 1);
quickSort(str, i + 1, right);
}
//快速排序(根据长度排序,从小到大)
static void quickSortByLen(char **str, int left, int right) {
if (left >= right) {
return;
}
char *p = str[left];
int i = left;
int j = right;
while (i < j) {
while (i < j && strlen(str[j])>=strlen(p)) {
j--;
}
str[i] = str[j];
while (i < j && strlen(str[i])<=strlen(p)) {
i++;
}
str[j] = str[i];
}
str[i] = p;
quickSortByLen(str, left, i - 1);
quickSortByLen(str, i + 1, right);
}
/**
* 根据ASCII码排序,从小到大,或者根据长度排序,从小到大
* @param pCharList
* @param type TRUE就是ASCII码排序, FALSE就是根据长度排序
*/
void charListSort(CharList *pCharList, boolean type) {
if(type){
quickSort(pCharList->str, 0, pCharList->len-1);
}else{
quickSortByLen(pCharList->str, 0, pCharList->len-1);
}
}
集合去重
//去重
void charListDistinct(CharList *pCharList) {
int len1 = pCharList->len;
for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < len1; j++) {
if (strcmp(pCharList->str[i],pCharList->str[j])==0) {
free(pCharList->str[j]);//释放内存
for (int k = j; k < len1 - 1; ++k) {//将后面的内容向前移动
pCharList->str[k] = pCharList->str[k + 1];
}
//去除结尾的元素
pCharList->str[len1 - 1]=NULL;
len1--;
pCharList->len--;//长度减1
j--;//重新比较
}
}
}
}
集合复制
//集合复制,返回新集合
CharList *charListCopy(CharList *pCharList) {
int len1 = pCharList->len;
CharList *pNewCharList = createCharList(len1);
for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
char *p = createData(pCharList->str[i]);
addCharList(&pNewCharList, p);
}
return pNewCharList;
}
集合合并
//集合合并,返回新集合
CharList *charListMerge(CharList *pCharList1, CharList *pCharList2) {
int len1 = pCharList1->len;
int len2 = pCharList2->len;
CharList *pNewCharList = createCharList(len1 + len2);
for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
char *p = createData(pCharList1->str[i]);
addCharList(&pNewCharList, p);
}
for (int i = 0; i < len2; i++) {
char *p = createData(pCharList2->str[i]);
addCharList(&pNewCharList, p);
}
return pNewCharList;
}
集合差集
记A，B是两个集合 ,A集合中不存在B集合的元素,那么A集合就是B集合的差集
//集合差集,返回新集合
CharList *charListDifference(CharList *pCharList1, CharList *pCharList2) {
int len1 = pCharList1->len;
int len2 = pCharList2->len;
CharList *pNewCharList = charListCopy(pCharList1);
for (int i = 0; i < len2; i++) {
int index = charListIndexOf(pNewCharList, pCharList2->str[i]);
if (index != -1) {
free(pNewCharList->str[index]);//释放内存
for (int j = index; j < len1 - 1; ++j) {//将后面的内容向前移动
pNewCharList->str[j] = pNewCharList->str[j + 1];
}
//去除结尾的元素
pNewCharList->str[len1 - 1]=NULL;
len1--;
pNewCharList->len--;//长度减1
i--;//重新比较
}
}
return pNewCharList;
}
集合补集
对于两个给定集合A、B, 如果A集合中不存在B集合元素,那么B集合就是A集合的补集,当然反过来也可以说A集合是B集合的补集
//集合补集,返回新集合
CharList *charListComplement(CharList *pCharList1, CharList *pCharList2) {
CharList *pCharlist1 = charListDifference(pCharList1, pCharList2);
CharList *pCharlist2 = charListDifference(pCharList2, pCharList1);
CharList *pCharlist = charListMerge(pCharlist1, pCharlist2);
return pCharlist;
}
集合并集
对于两个给定集合A、B，由两个集合所有元素构成的集合,叫做A和B的并集。(需要去重只保留一个)
//集合并集,返回新集合
CharList *charListUnion(CharList *pCharList1, CharList *pCharList2) {
CharList *pCharlist1 = charListDifference(pCharList1, pCharList2);
CharList *pCharlist2 = charListMerge(pCharlist1, pCharList2);
return pCharlist2;
}
集合交集
对于两个给定集合A、B，属于A又属于B的所有元素构成的集合，叫做A和B的交集。
//集合交集,返回新集合
CharList *charListIntersection(CharList *pCharList1, CharList *pCharList2) {
int len2 = pCharList2->len;
CharList *pNewCharList = createCharList(len2/2);
for (int i = 0; i < len2; ++i){
int of = charListIndexOf(pCharList1, pCharList2->str[i]);
if(of!=-1){
addCharList(&pNewCharList, pCharList2->str[i]);
}
}
return pNewCharList;
}
销毁集合
// 释放内存
void charListClean(CharList *pCharList) {
//清理数组内元素
for (int i = 0; i < pCharList->len; ++i) {
free(pCharList->str[i]);
}
//清除数组
free(pCharList);
}
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