Oracle 常用的经典SQL查询

/*1、查看表空间的名称及大小*/ 

select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes / (1024 * 1024)), 0) ts_size
  from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
 where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
 group by t.tablespace_name;

 /*2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小*/

select tablespace_name,
       file_id,
       file_name,
       round(bytes / (1024 * 1024), 0) total_space
  from dba_data_files
 order by tablespace_name;

3,查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name,
       tablespace_name,
       r.status,
       (initial_extent / 1024) InitialExtent,
       (next_extent / 1024) NextExtent,
       max_extents,
       v.curext CurExtent
  From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
 Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
 order by segment_name;

4、查看控制文件 

select name from v$controlfile;

5、查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile;

 6.查看表空间的使用情况

select sum(bytes) / (1024 * 1024) as free_space, tablespace_name
  from dba_free_space
 group by tablespace_name;

SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,
       A.BYTES TOTAL,
       B.BYTES USED,
       C.BYTES FREE,
       (B.BYTES * 100) / A.BYTES "% USED",
       (C.BYTES * 100) / A.BYTES "% FREE"
  FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A, SYS.SM$TS_USED B, SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
 WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME = B.TABLESPACE_NAME
   AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME = C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

 

 

 7.查看数据库对象

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count#
  from all_objects
 group by owner, object_type, status;

8. 查看数据库的版本

select version
  from Product_Component_Version
 where substr(product, 1, 6) = 'Oracle';

 

9. 查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

select Created, Log_Mode From V$DATABASE;

 

 

10.捕捉运行很久的SQL

column username format a12
column opname format a16
column progress format a8

select username,
       sid,
       opname,
       round(sofar * 100 / totalwork, 0) || '%' as progress,
       time_remaining,
       sql_text
  from v$session_longops, v$sql
 where time_remaining <> 0
   and sql_address = address
   and sql_hash_value = hash_value

11. 查看数据表的参数信息

SELECT partition_name,
       high_value,
       high_value_length,
       tablespace_name,
       pct_free,
       pct_used,
       ini_trans,
       max_trans,
       initial_extent,
       next_extent,
       min_extent,
       max_extent,
       pct_increase,
       FREELISTS,
       freelist_groups,
       LOGGING,
       BUFFER_POOL,
       num_rows,
       blocks,
       empty_blocks,
       avg_space,
       chain_cnt,
       avg_row_len,
       sample_size,
       last_analyzed
  FROM dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
 ORDER BY partition_position

12.查看还没提交的事务

select * from v$locked_object;

13.查看object为哪些进程所用。

select p.spid,
       s.sid,
       s.serial# serial_num,
       s.username user_name,
       a.type object_type,
       s.osuser os_user_name,
       a.owner,
       a.object object_name,
       decode(sign(48 - command),
              1,
              to_char(command),
              'Action Code #' || to_char(command)) action,
       p.program oracle_process,
       s.terminal terminal,
       s.program program,
       s.status session_status
  from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
 where s.paddr = p.addr
   and s.type = 'USER'
   and a.sid = s.sid
   and a.object = 'SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
 order by s.username, s.osuser

14.回滚段查看

select rownum,
       sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name,
       v$rollstat.extents                 Extents,
       v$rollstat.rssize                  Size_in_Bytes,
       v$rollstat.xacts                   XActs,
       v$rollstat.gets                    Gets,
       v$rollstat.waits                   Waits,
       v$rollstat.writes                  Writes,
       sys.dba_rollback_segs.status       status
  from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname
 where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name
   and v$rollstat.usn(+) = v$rollname.usn
 order by rownum

15.耗资源的进程（top session）

select s.schemaname schema_name,
       decode(sign(48 - command),
              1,
              to_char(command),
              'Action Code #' || to_char(command)) action,
       status session_status,
       s.osuser os_user_name,
       s.sid,
       p.spid,
       s.serial# serial_num,
       nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,
       s.terminal terminal,
       s.program program,
       st.value criteria_value
  from v$sesstat st, v$session s, v$process p
 where st.sid = s.sid
   and st.statistic# = to_number('38')
   and ('ALL' = 'ALL' or s.status = 'ALL')
   and p.addr = s.paddr
 order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc

16.查看锁（lock）情况

select /*+ RULE */
 ls.osuser os_user_name,
 ls.username user_name,
 decode(ls.type,
        'RW',
        'Row wait enqueue lock',
        'TM',
        'DML enqueue lock',
        'TX',
        'Transaction enqueue lock',
        'UL',
        'User supplied lock') lock_type,
 o.object_name object,
 decode(ls.lmode,
        1,
        null,
        2,
        'Row Share',
        3,
        'Row Exclusive',
        4,
        'Share',
        5,
        'Share Row Exclusive',
        6,
        'Exclusive',
        null) lock_mode,
 o.owner,
 ls.sid,
 ls.serial# serial_num,
 ls.id1,
 ls.id2
  from sys.dba_objects o,
       (select s.osuser,
               s.username,
               l.type,
               l.lmode,
               s.sid,
               s.serial#,
               l.id1,
               l.id2
          from v$session s, v$lock l
         where s.sid = l.sid) ls
 where o.object_id = ls.id1
   and o.owner <> 'SYS'
 order by o.owner, o.object_name

17.查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT v$waitstat.class,
       v$waitstat.count count,
       SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
  FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat
 WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets')
 group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count

18.查看sga情况

SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC

 19.查看catached object

select owner,
       name,
       db_link,
       namespace,
       type,
       sharable_mem,
       loads,
       executions,
       locks,
       pins,
       kept
  from v$db_object_cache;

20.查看V$SQLAREA
 

SELECT SQL_TEXT,
       SHARABLE_MEM,
       PERSISTENT_MEM,
       RUNTIME_MEM,
       SORTS,
       VERSION_COUNT,
       LOADED_VERSIONS,
       OPEN_VERSIONS,
       USERS_OPENING,
       EXECUTIONS,
       USERS_EXECUTING,
       LOADS,
       FIRST_LOAD_TIME,
       INVALIDATIONS,
       PARSE_CALLS,
       DISK_READS,
       BUFFER_GETS,
       ROWS_PROCESSED
  FROM V$SQLAREA

数据字典

############### 数据字典 ##########
set wrap off
select * from v$dba_users;
grant select on table_name to user/rule;
select * from user_tables;
select * from all_tables;
select * from dba_tables;
revoke dba from user_name;
shutdown immediate
startup nomount
select * from v$instance;
select * from v$sga;
select * from v$tablespace;
alter session set nls_language=american;
alter database mount;
select * from v$database;
alter database open;
desc dictionary
select * from dict;
desc v$fixed_table;
select * from v$fixed_table;
set oracle_sid=foxconn
select * from dba_objects;
set serveroutput on
execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');

############# 控制文件 ########### 

select * from v$database;
select * from v$tablespace;
select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$log;
select * from v$backup;

备份用户表空间

alter tablespace users begin backup

select * from v$archived_log;

alter system set control_file='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl','$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;

cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl

startup pfile='../initSID.ora'

select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;

show parameter control;

select * from v$controlfile_record_section;

select * from v$tempfile

备份控制文件

alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';

/*备份控制文件，并将二进制控制文件变为了 asc 的文本文件*/

 alter database backup controlfile to trace;

######redo log###########

archive log list;
alter system archive log start; -- 启动自动存档
alter system switch logfile; -- 强行进行一次日志switch
alter system checkpointl -- 强行进行一次checkpoint
alter tablespace users begin backup;
alter tablespace offline;


/*checkpoint同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高，系统恢复所需时间越短*/

show parameter fast;

show parameter log_checkpoint;


/*加入一个日志组*/
alter database add logfile group 3('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M);

/*加入日志组的一个成员*/

alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;

/*删除日志组中的某个成员，但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除*/
alter database drop logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo'

/*清除在线日志*/
alter database clear logfile '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';

alter database clear logfile group 3;

/*清除非归档日志*/
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;

/*重命名日志文件*/
alter database rename file '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6a.rdo';

show parameter db_create;

alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';

select * from v$log;
select * from v$logfile;

/*数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换，要启动到mount状态下才能改变，startup mount,然后再打开数据库*/
alter database noarchivelog/archivelog;
achive log start; -- 启动自动归档
alter system archive all; --手工归档所有日志文件
select * from v$archived_log;
show parameter log_archive;

###############分析日志文件logmnr################# 

1） 在init.ora 中set utl_file_dir 参数
2） 重新启动oracle
3) create 目录文件
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
dbms_logmnr_d.build;
4)加入日志文件 add/remove log file
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile
dbms_logmnr.removefile
5)start logmnr
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr
6)分析出来的内容查询 v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo