C#在Excel与Word中写入上角标与下角标
C#在Excel与Word中写入上角标与下角标
- 一、简介
- 二、实现过程
- 三、导出PDF字符错位
一、简介
使用C#语言操作Word与Excel文件一般分为两种方式，一种为在项目中引用Microsoft Office组件，一种为使用NPOI等外部组件。两种方式的优缺点这里不多介绍，而包括一些如插入图片、合并单元格、插入公式公式等操作已在本博客其他文章中有所介绍，由于近期遇到新的问题，即文章题目所说需要写入上角标与下角标，实现过程踩了一个不大不小的坑，所以将一些实现细节记录在本文中。
二、实现过程
使用搜索引擎搜索在Excel与Word中写入上角标与下角标，大部分搜索结果的实现方式是通过NPOI方式实现，而本文计划使用Office组件进行文件操作。当搜索无果时打算通过在Excel中开启宏录制，然后手动写入上下角标，操作完成后查看对应宏代码，将宏代码（即VB语言）再转换为C#语言。实际录制之后发现代码较为繁琐，于是继续进行搜索，在一篇文章中发现一种通用方式写入上下角标，即使用转义字符来实现。
如写入SO₄²⁻：“SO\x2084\x00B2\x207B(mg/L)”。其中x2084为 ₄（注意：此处为4的下标） 的Unicode HexEntity，x00B2为 ²（注意：此处为2的上标） 的Unicode HexEntity，x207B为 ⁻（注意：此处为-的上标） 的Unicode HexEntity。
上下角标字符记录如下：
上角标字符
| 字符名称 | 字符 | Num Entity | Hex Entity |
|---|---|---|---|
| SUPERSCRIPT ZERO | ⁰ | 8304 | \x2070 |
| SUPERSCRIPT ONE | ¹ | 185 | \x00B9 |
| SUPERSCRIPT TWO | ² | 178 | \x00B2 |
| SUPERSCRIPT THREE | ³ | 179 | \x00B3 |
| SUPERSCRIPT FOUR | ⁴ | 8308 | \x2074 |
| SUPERSCRIPT FIVE | ⁵ | 8309 | \x2075 |
| SUPERSCRIPT SIX | ⁶ | 8310 | \x2076 |
| SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN | ⁷ | 8311 | \x2077 |
| SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT | ⁸ | 8312 | \x2078 |
| SUPERSCRIPT NINE | ⁹ | 8313 | \x2079 |
| SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN | ⁺ | 8314 | \x207A |
| SUPERSCRIPT MINUS | ⁻ | 8315 | \x207B |
| SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN | ⁼ | 8316 | \x207C |
| SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS | ⁽ | 8317 | \x207D |
| SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS | ⁾ | 8318 | \x207E |
| SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER I | ⁱ | 8305 | \x2071 |
| SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N | ⁿ | 8319 | \x207F |
下角标字符
| 字符名称 | 字符 | Num Entity | Hex Entity |
|---|---|---|---|
| SUBSCRIPT ZERO | ₀ | 8320 | \x2080 |
| SUBSCRIPT ONE | ₁ | 8321 | \x2081 |
| SUBSCRIPT TWO | ₂ | 8322 | \x2082 |
| SUBSCRIPT THREE | ₃ | 8323 | \x2083 |
| SUBSCRIPT FOUR | ₄ | 8324 | \x2084 |
| SUBSCRIPT FIVE | ₅ | 8325 | \x2085 |
| SUBSCRIPT SIX | ₆ | 8326 | \x2086 |
| SUBSCRIPT SEVEN | ₇ | 8327 | \x2087 |
| SUBSCRIPT EIGHT | ₈ | 8328 | \x2088 |
| SUBSCRIPT NINE | ₉ | 8329 | \x2089 |
| SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN | ₊ | 8330 | \x208A |
| SUBSCRIPT MINUS | ₋ | 8331 | \x208B |
| SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN | ₌ | 8332 | \x208C |
| SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS | ₍ | 8333 | \x208D |
| SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS | ₎ | 8334 | \x208E |
| LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A | ₐ | 8336 | \x2090 |
| LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER E | ₑ | 8337 | \x2091 |
| LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O | ₒ | 8338 | \x2092 |
| LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER I | ᵢ | 7522 | \x1D62 |
| LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER R | ᵣ | 7523 | \x1D63 |
| LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER U | ᵤ | 7524 | \x1D64 |
| LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER V | ᵥ | 7525 | \x1D65 |
| LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER X | ₓ | 8339 | \x2093 |
| GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER BETA | ᵦ | 7526 | \x1D66 |
| GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER GAMMA | ᵧ | 7527 | \x1D67 |
| GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER RHO | ᵨ | 7528 | \x1D68 |
| GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER PHI | ᵩ | 7529 | \x1D69 |
| GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER CHI | ᵪ | 7530 | \x1D6A |
其他一些常用字符记录如下：
数学符号字符：
| 字符名称 | 字符 | Num Entity | Hex Entity |
|---|---|---|---|
| LESS THAN | < | 60 | \x3C |
| GREATER THAN | > | 62 | \x3E |
| LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO | ≤ | 8804 | \x2264 |
| GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO | ≥ | 8805 | \x2265 |
| PLUS OR MINUS | ± | 177 | \xB1 |
| NOT EQUALS | ≠ | 8800 | \x2260 |
| DIVISION SIGN | ÷ | 247 | \xF7 |
| TIMES X | × | 215 | \x00D7 |
| MINUS | − | 8722 | \x2212 |
| DIVISION SLASH | ∕ | 8725 | \x2215 |
| FRACTION SLASH | ⁄ | 8260 | \x2044 |
| SQUARE ROOT RADICAL | √ | 8730 | \x221A |
| CUBE ROOT | ∛ | 8731 | \x221B |
| FOURTH ROOT | ∜ | 8732 | \x221C |
| INFINITY | ∞ | 8734 | \x221E |
| ALEF INFINITY SYMBOL | ℵ | 8501 | \x2135 |
| FUNCTION ITALIC F | ƒ | 402 | \x192 |
| PRIME (single quote) | ′ | 8242 | \x2032 |
| DOUBLE PRIME (double quote) | ″ | 8243 | \x2033 |
| TRIPLE PRIME (triple quote) | ‴ | 8244 | \x2034 |
| THEREFORE (Triangular Dots) | ∴ | 8756 | \x2234 |
| DOT OPERATOR | ⋅ | 8901 | \x22C5 |
| SUPERSCRIPT TWO | ¹ | 185 | \xB9 |
| SUPERSCRIPT TWO | ² | 178 | \xB2 |
| SUPERSCRIPT THREE | ³ | 179 | \xB3 |
| LEFT ANGLE BRACKET | 〈 | 9001 | \x2329 |
| RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET | 〉 | 9002 | \x232A |
| LEFT CEILING BRACKET | ⌈ | 8968 | \x2308 |
| RIGHT CEILING BRACKET | ⌉ | 8969 | \x2309 |
| LEFT FLOOR BRACKET | ⌊ | 8970 | \x230A |
| RIGHT FLOOR BRACKET | ⌋ | 8971 | \x230B |
| CIRCLED PLUS (Direct Sum) | ⊕ | 8853 | \x2295 |
| CIRCLED TIMES (Vector Product) | ⊗ | 8855 | \x2297 |
其他一些符号字符：
| 字符名称 | 字符 | Num Entity | Hex Entity |
|---|---|---|---|
| VULGAR FRACTION 1/4 | ¼ | 188 | \xBC |
| VULGAR FRACTION 1/2 | ½ | 189 | \xBD |
| VULGAR FRACTION 3/4 | ¾ | 190 | \xBE |
| VULGAR FRACTION 1/3 | ⅓ | 8531 | \x2153 |
| VULGAR FRACTION 2/3 | ⅔ | 8532 | \x2154 |
| VULGAR FRACTION 1/5 | ⅕ | 8533 | \x2155 |
| VULGAR FRACTION 2/5 | ⅖ | 8354 | \x2156 |
| VULGAR FRACTION 3/5 | ⅗ | 8535 | \x2157 |
| VULGAR FRACTION 4/5 | ⅘ | 8536 | \x2158 |
| VULGAR FRACTION 1/6 | ⅙ | 8537 | \x2159 |
| VULGAR FRACTION 5/6 | ⅚ | 8538 | \x215A |
| VULGAR FRACTION 1/8 | ⅛ | 8539 | \x215B |
| VULGAR FRACTION 3/8 | ⅜ | 8540 | \x215C |
| VULGAR FRACTION 5/8 | ⅝ | 8541 | \x215D |
| VULGAR FRACTION 7/8 | ⅞ | 8342 | \x215E |
| LOWER CASE MU (Mean) | μ | 956 | \x3BC |
| LOWER CASE SIGMA (Standard Deviation) | σ | 963 | \x3C3 |
| LOWER CASE CHI | χ | 967 | \x3C7 |
| CAPITAL PI N-ARY PRODUCT | ∏ | 8721 | \x2211 |
| N-ARY COPRODUCT (upside down capital pi) | ∐ | 8720 | \x2210 |
| DEGREE SYMBOL | ° | 176 | \xB0 |
| MICRO MU SYMBOL | µ | 181 | \xB5 |
| SINGLE PRIME (feet, degree minutes) | ′ | 8242 | \2032 |
| DOUBLE PRIME (feet, degree minutes) | ″ | 8242 | \2032 |
| PER MILLE (1/1000th) | ‰ | 8240 | \2030 |
| INTEGRAL | ∫ | 8747 | \x222B |
| PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL | ∂ | 8706 | \2202 |
| INCREMENT (Difference or capital Delta) | Δ | 8710 | \x2206 |
| NABLA (Backward Difference, Grad or upside down triangle) | ∇ | 8711 | \x2207 |
| DOUBLE INTEGRAL | ∬ | 8748 | \x222C |
| TRIPLE INTEGRAL | ∭ | 8749 | \x222D |
| QUADRUPLE INTEGRAL | ⨌ | 10764 | \x2A0C |
| CONTOUR INTEGRAL | ∮ | 8750 | \x222E |
| SURFACE INTEGRAL | ∯ | 8751 | \x222F |
| VOLUME INTEGRAL | ∰ | 8752 | \x2230 |
| CLOCKWISE INTEGRAL | ∱ | 8753 | \x2231 |
| ANTICCLOCKWISE INTEGRAL | ⨑ | 10769 | \x2A11 |
| CLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL | ∲ | 8754 | \x2232 |
| ANTICLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL | ∳ | 8755 | \x2233 |
| INFINITY (Sideways 8) | ∞ | 8734 | \x221E |
| ALEF INFINITY SYMBOL | ℵ | 8501 | \x2135 |
| WEIERSTRASS POWER SET (Script Capital P) | ℘ | 8472 | \x2118 |
| IMAGINARY NUMBER (Blackletter I) | ℑ | 8242 | \x2032 |
| REAL NUMBER (Blackletter I) | ℜ | 8242 | \x2032 |
| DOUBLE-STRUCK REAL NUMBER (Double R) | ℝ | 8477 | \x211D |
| COMPLEX NUMBERS (Double C) | ℂ | 8450 | \x2102 |
| NATURAL NUMBERS (Double N) | ℕ | 8469 | \x2115 |
| PRIME NUMBERS (Double P) | ℙ | 8473 | \x2119 |
| RATIONAL NUMBERS (Double Q) | ℚ | 8474 | \x211A |
| INTEGERS (Double Z) | ℤ | 8484 | \x2124 |
| FOR ALL (Upside-down A) | ∀ | 8704 | \x2200 |
| COMPLEMENT (Thin C) | ∁ | 8705 | \x2201 |
| THERE EXISTS (Backwards E) | ∃ | 8707 | \x2203 |
| THERE DOES NOT EXIST (Backwards E with slash) | ∄ | 8708 | \x2204 |
| EMPTY SET (O slash) | ∅ | 8709 | \x2205 |
| NOT SYMBOL (Corner) | ¬ | 172 | \xAC |
| TILDE (Alternate Not Symbol) | ˜ | – | – |
| LOGICAL AND (Wedge or Upside down V Symbol) | ∧ | 8743 | \x2227 |
| LOGICAL OR (V Symbol) | ∨ | 8744 | \x2228 |
| XOR | ⊻ | 8891 | \x22BB |
| NAND | ⊼ | 8892 | \x22BC |
| NOR | ⊽ | 8893 | \x22BD |
| INTERSECTION (Cap or Upside Down U) | ∩ | 8745 | \x2229 |
| UNION (Cup or U Symbol) | ∪ | 8746 | \x222A |
| ELEMENT OF | ∈ | 8712 | \x2208 |
| NOT AN ELEMENT OF | ∉ | 8713 | \x2209 |
| SMALL ELEMENT OF | ∊ | 8714 | \x220A |
| CONTAINS AS MEMBER | ∋ | 8715 | \x220B |
| DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER | ∌ | 8716 | \x220C |
| SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER | ∍ | 8717 | \x220D |
| SET MINUS | ∖ | 8726 | \x2216 |
| SUBSET OF (Sideways U with cap to left) | ⊂ | 8834 | \x2282 |
| SUPERSET OF (Sideways U with cap to right) | ⊃ | 8835 | \x2283 |
| NOT A SUBSET OF (Subset with Slash) | ⊄ | 8836 | \x2284 |
| NOT A SUPERSET OF (Superset with slash) | ⊅ | 8837 | \x2285 |
| SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO (Subset with line below) | ⊆ | 8838 | \x2286 |
| SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO (Superset with line below) | ⊇ | 8839 | \x2287 |
| NEITHER A SUBSET OF NOR EQUAL TO | ⊈ | 8840 | \x2288 |
| NEITHER A SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO | ⊉ | 8841 | \x2289 |
| SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO | ⊊ | 8842 | \x228A |
| SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO | ⊋ | 8843 | \x228B |
| DIAMOND OPERATOR | ⋄ | 8900 | \x22C4 |
| ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO | ≃ | 8771 | \x2243 |
| NOT ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO | ≄ | 8772 | \x2244 |
| MULTISET (U with arrow) | ⊌ | 8844 | \x228C |
| MULTISET MULTIPLICATION (U with dot in center) | ⊍ | 8845 | \x228D |
| MULTISET UNION (U with plus in center) | ⊎ | 8846 | \x228E |
| DOUBLE SUBSET | ⋐ | 8912 | \x22D0 |
| DOUBLE SUPERSET | ⋑ | 8913 | \x22D1 |
| DOUBLE INTERSECTION | ⋒ | 8914 | \x22D2 |
| DOUBLE UNION | ⋓ | 8915 | \x22D3 |
| N-ARY LOGICAL AND | ⋀ | 8896 | \x22C0 |
| N-ARY LOGICAL OR | ⋁ | 8897 | \x22C1 |
| N-ARY INTERSECTION&cu | ⋂ | 8898 | \x22C2 |
| N-ARY UNION | ⋃ | 8899 | \x22C3 |
| CURLY LOGICAL OR | ⋎ | 8910 | \x22CE |
| CURLY LOGICAL AND | ⋏ | 8911 | \x22CF |
| CIRCLED PLUS (Direct Sum) | ⊕ | 8853 | \x2295 |
| CIRCLED TIMES (Vector Product) | ⊗ | 8855 | \x2297 |
| CIRCLED MINUS | ⊖ | 8854 | \x2296 |
| CIRCLED DIVISION SLASH | ⊘ | 8856 | \x2298 |
| ELEMENT OF WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE | ⋲ | 8946 | \x22F2 |
| ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE | ⋳ | 8947 | \x22F3 |
| SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE | ⋴ | 8948 | \x22F4 |
| ELEMENT OF WITH DOT ABOVE | ⋵ | 8949 | \x22F5 |
| ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR | ⋶ | 8950 | \x22F6 |
| SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR | ⋷ | 8951 | \x22F7 |
| ELEMENT OF WITH UNDERBAR | ⋸ | 8952 | \x22F8 |
| ELEMENT OF WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES | ⋹ | 8953 | \x22F9 |
| CONTAINS WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE | ⋺ | 8954 | \x22FA |
| CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE | ⋻ | 8955 | \x22FB |
| SMALL CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE | ⋼ | 8956 | \x22FC |
| CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR | ⋽ | 8957 | \x22FD |
| SMALL CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR | ⋾ | 8958 | \x22FE |
| NOTATION BAG MEMBERSHIP | ⋿ | 8959 | \x22FF |
| Character Name | Character | Num | Hex |
| RIGHT ANGLE | ∟ | 8735 | \x221F |
| ANGLE | ∠ | 8736 | \x2220 |
| MEASURED ANGLE | ∡ | 8737 | \x2221 |
| SPHERICAL ANGLE | ∢ | 8738 | \x2222 |
| DIVIDES | ∣ | 8739 | \x2223 |
| DOES NOT DIVIDE | ∤ | 8740 | \x2224 |
| PARALLEL TO | ∥ | 8741 | \x2225 |
| NOT PARALLEL TO | ∦ | 8742 | \x2226 |
| RIGHT ANGLE WITH ARC | ⊾ | 8894 | \x22BE |
| RIGHT TRIANGLE | ⊿ | 8895 | \x22BF |
| UP TACK (Perpendicular) | ⊥ | 8869 | \x22A5 |
| RIGHT TACK | ⊢ | 8866 | \x22A2 |
| LEFT TACK | ⊣ | 8867 | \x22A3 |
| DOWN TACK | ⊤ | 8868 | \x22A4 |
| THEREFORE (Triangular Dots) | ∴ | 8756 | \x2234 |
| BECAUSE (Upside down Triangular Dots) | ∵ | 8757 | \x2235 |
| PROPORTIONAL TO | ∝ | 8733 | \x221D |
| END OF PROOF (solid rectangle) | ∎ | 8718 | \x220E |
| NOT EQUALS | ≠ | 8800 | \x2260 |
| APPROXIMATELY EQUAL | ≅ | 8773 | \x2245 |
| ALMOST EQUAL (ASYMPTOTIC) | ≈ | 8776 | \x2248 |
| NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO | ≉ | 8777 | \x2249 |
| TILDE SIMILAR TO | ∼ | 8764 | \x223C |
| IDENTICAL TO (three lines) | ≡ | 8801 | \x2261 |
| NOT IDENTICAL TO | ≢ | 8802 | \x2262 |
| STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO | ≣ | 8803 | \x2263 |
| NOT IDENTICAL TO | ≢ | 8802 | \x2262 |
| LESS-THAN OVER EQUAL TO | ≦ | 8806 | \x2266 |
| GREATER-THAN OVER EQUAL TO | ≧ | 8807 | \x2267 |
| LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO | ≨ | 8808 | \x2268 |
| GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO | ≩ | 8809 | \x2269 |
| MUCH LESS-THAN | ≪ | 8810 | \x226A |
| MUCH GREATER-THAN | ≫ | 8811 | \x226B |
| BETWEEN | ≬ | 8812 | \x226C |
| NOT EQUIVALENT TO | ≭ | 8813 | \x226D |
| NOT LESS-THAN | ≮ | 8814 | \x226E |
| NOT GREATER-THAN | ≯ | 8815 | \x226F |
| NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUAL TO | ≰ | 8816 | \x2270 |
| NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUAL TO | ≱ | 8817 | \x2271 |
| LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO | ≲ | 8818 | \x2272 |
| GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO | ≳ | 8819 | \x2273 |
| NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO | ≴ | 8820 | \x2274 |
| NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO | ≵ | 8821 | \x2275 |
| LESS-THAN OR GREATER-THAN | ≶ | 8822 | \x2276 |
| GREATER-THAN OR LESS-THAN | ≷ | 8823 | \x2277 |
| NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR GREATERTHAN | ≸ | 8824 | \x2278 |
| NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR LESSTHAN | ≹ | 8825 | \x2279 |
| NOT TILDE | ≁ | 8769 | \x2241 |
| MINUS TILDE | ≂ | 8770 | \x2242 |
| ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO | ≃ | 8771 | \x2243 |
| NOT ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO | ≄ | 8772 | \x2244 |
| APPROXIMATELY BUT NOT ACTUALLY EQUAL TO | ≆ | 8774 | \x2246 |
| NEITHER APPROXIMATELY NOR ACTUALLY EQUAL TO | ≇ | 8775 | \x2247 |
| NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO | ≉ | 8777 | \x2249 |
| ALMOST EQUAL OR EQUAL TO | ≊ | 8778 | \x224A |
| TRIPLE TILDE | ≋ | 8779 | \x224B |
| ALL EQUAL TO | ≌ | 8780 | \x224C |
三、导出PDF字符错位
使用上述Unicode转义字符方式实现了写入上下角标，但在将Excel转换为PDF时，在Windows10系统下转换后显示正常，在Windows7系统下发现下角标错位，跑到了其他单元格上方，经过一番检查发现，win7系统下字体比win10系统多了一种BaTang字体，而win7系统将转义字符识别为了这种字体导致导出PDF后字符错位，解决方法为将要写入上下角标的单元格字体格式统一设置为Arial Unicode MS字体，这样导出PDF后字符是正常的。