在做python练习的时候,有个例子是直接使用zip命令去备份一个文件,我是用WINXP系统,中间发生了很多问题,log下来做backup.
例子程序是这样的:
#
!/usr/bin/python
#
Filename: backup_ver1.py
import
os
import
time
#
1. The files and directories to be backed up are specified in a list.
source
=
[
'
/home/swaroop/byte
'
,
'
/home/swaroop/bin
'
]
#
If you are using Windows, use source = [r'C:\Documents', r'D:\Work'] or something like that
#
2. The backup must be stored in a main backup directory
target_dir
=
'
/mnt/e/backup/
'
#
Remember to change this to what you will be using
#
3. The files are backed up into a zip file.
#
4. The name of the zip archive is the current date and time
target
=
target_dir
+
time.strftime(
'
%Y%m%d%H%M%S
'
)
+
'
.zip
'
#
5. We use the zip command (in Unix/Linux) to put the files in a zip archive
zip_command
=
"
zip -qr '%s' %s
"
%
(target,
'
'
.join(source))
#
Run the backup
if
os.system(zip_command)
==
0:
print
'
Successful backup to
'
, target
else
:
print
'
Backup FAILED
'
由于上面例子是在Unix/Linux下的,需要改成windows
#
!/usr/bin/python
#
Filename: backup_ver1.py
import
os
import
time
source
=
[r
'
C:\My Documents
'
, r
'
D:\Work
'
]
target_dir
= r'F:\back up\'
#
Remember to change this to what you will be using
target
=
target_dir
+
time.strftime(
'
%Y%m%d%H%M%S
'
)
+
'
.zip
'
zip_command
=
"
zip -qr '%s' %s
"
%
(target,
'
'
.join(source))
#
Run the backup
if
os.system(zip_command)
==
0:
print
'
Successful backup to
'
, target
else
:
print
'
Backup FAILED
'
问题一:
当改好后,运行会发生异常,提示:"EOL while scanning single-quoted string",该异常出现在上面代码的粗体行
target_dir
= r'F:\back up\'
发生错误主要是因为转义符与自然符号串间的问题,看Python的介绍:
如上所说,
target_dir的值应该被视作 '
F:\back up\',可是这里的转义符却被处理了。如果换成
r'F:\\back up\\' 转义符却没被处理,于是
target_dir的值变为'F:\\back up\\'.将单引号变成双引号,结果还是如此。而如果给它加中括号【】,变成【
r'F:\back up\'】,则程序又没问题...
于是,解决方法有2个:1)如上所说,加中括号;2)不使用前缀r,直接用转义符‘\’,定义变成
target_dir
= 'F:\\back up\\'.
问题二:
解决完问题一后,运行module,会提示backup fail. 检查如下:
1. 于是试着将source和target字符串打印出来检验是否文件路径出错,发现没问题
2. 怀疑是windows没有zip命令,在命令行里打‘zip’, 却出现提示帮助,证明可以用zip命令,而且有参数q,r;
3. 想起sqlplus里命令不接受空格符,于是试着将文件名换成没空格的, module成功运行...
现在问题换成如何能让zip命令接受带空格路径,google了一下,看到提示:“
带有空格的通配符或文件名必须加上引号”
于是对
zip_command稍做修改
将
zip_command
=
"
zip -qr '%s' %s
"
%
(target,
'
'
.join(source))
改成:
zip_command
=
"
zip -qr \"%s\" \"%s\"
"
%
(target,
'\" \"
'
.join(source))
改后,module成功运行...
正确的script应为:
Code
#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: backup_ver1.py
import os
import time
source =[r'C:\My Documents', r'D:\Work']
target_dir = 'F:\\back up\\' # Remember to change this to what you will be using
target = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S') + '.zip'
zip_command = "zip -qr \"%s\" \"%s\"" % (target, ' '.join(source))
# Run the backup
if os.system(zip_command) == 0:
print 'Successful backup to', target
else:
print 'Backup FAILED'