BASE64编码算法不算是真正的加密算法。
MD5、
SHA、
HMAC这三种加密算法,可谓是非可逆加密,就是不可解密的加密方法,我们称之为单向加密算法。我们通常只把他们作为加密的基础。单纯的以上三种的加密并不可靠。
BASE64
按照RFC2045的定义,Base64被定义为:Base64内容传送编码被设计用来把任意序列的8位字节描述为一种不易被人直接识别的形式。(The Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding is designed to represent arbitrary sequences of octets in a form that need not be humanly readable.)
常见于邮件、http加密,截取http信息,你就会发现登录操作的用户名、密码字段通过BASE64加密的。
通过java代码实现如下:
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- public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {
- return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
- }
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- public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {
- return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key);
- }
/**
* BASE64解密
*
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {
return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
}
/**
* BASE64加密
*
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {
return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key);
}
主要就是BASE64Encoder、BASE64Decoder两个类,我们只需要知道使用对应的方法即可。另,BASE加密后产生的字节位数是8的倍数,如果不够位数以
=符号填充。
MD5
MD5 -- message-digest algorithm 5 (信息-摘要算法)缩写,广泛用于加密和解密技术,常用于文件校验。校验?不管文件多大,经过MD5后都能生成唯一的MD5值。好比现在的ISO校验,都是MD5校验。怎么用?当然是把ISO经过MD5后产生MD5的值。一般下载linux-ISO的朋友都见过下载链接旁边放着MD5的串。就是用来验证文件是否一致的。
通过java代码实现如下:
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- public static byte[] encryptMD5(byte[] data) throws Exception {
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- MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_MD5);
- md5.update(data);
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- return md5.digest();
-
- }
/**
* MD5加密
*
* @param data
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptMD5(byte[] data) throws Exception {
MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_MD5);
md5.update(data);
return md5.digest();
}
通常我们不直接使用上述MD5加密。通常将MD5产生的字节数组交给BASE64再加密一把,得到相应的字符串。
SHA
SHA(Secure Hash Algorithm,安全散列算法),数字签名等密码学应用中重要的工具,被广泛地应用于电子商务等信息安全领域。虽然,SHA与MD5通过碰撞法都被破解了, 但是SHA仍然是公认的安全加密算法,较之MD5更为安全。
通过java代码实现如下:
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- public static byte[] encryptSHA(byte[] data) throws Exception {
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- MessageDigest sha = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_SHA);
- sha.update(data);
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- return sha.digest();
-
- }
- }
/**
* SHA加密
*
* @param data
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptSHA(byte[] data) throws Exception {
MessageDigest sha = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_SHA);
sha.update(data);
return sha.digest();
}
}
HMAC
HMAC(Hash Message Authentication Code,散列消息鉴别码,基于密钥的Hash算法的认证协议。消息鉴别码实现鉴别的原理是,用公开函数和密钥产生一个固定长度的值作为认证标识,用这个标识鉴别消息的完整性。使用一个密钥生成一个固定大小的小数据块,即MAC,并将其加入到消息中,然后传输。接收方利用与发送方共享的密钥进行鉴别认证等。
通过java代码实现如下:
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- public static String initMacKey() throws Exception {
- KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_MAC);
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- SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
- return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded());
- }
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- public static byte[] encryptHMAC(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
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- SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(decryptBASE64(key), KEY_MAC);
- Mac mac = Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
- mac.init(secretKey);
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- return mac.doFinal(data);
-
- }
/**
* 初始化HMAC密钥
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String initMacKey() throws Exception {
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_MAC);
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded());
}
/**
* HMAC加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptHMAC(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(decryptBASE64(key), KEY_MAC);
Mac mac = Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
mac.init(secretKey);
return mac.doFinal(data);
}
给出一个完整类,如下:
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.Mac;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
/**
* 基础加密组件
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public abstract class Coder {
public static final String KEY_SHA = "SHA";
public static final String KEY_MD5 = "MD5";
/**
* MAC算法可选以下多种算法
*
* <pre>
* HmacMD5
* HmacSHA1
* HmacSHA256
* HmacSHA384
* HmacSHA512
* </pre>
*/
public static final String KEY_MAC = "HmacMD5";
/**
* BASE64解密
*
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {
return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
}
/**
* BASE64加密
*
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {
return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key);
}
/**
* MD5加密
*
* @param data
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptMD5(byte[] data) throws Exception {
MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_MD5);
md5.update(data);
return md5.digest();
}
/**
* SHA加密
*
* @param data
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptSHA(byte[] data) throws Exception {
MessageDigest sha = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_SHA);
sha.update(data);
return sha.digest();
}
/**
* 初始化HMAC密钥
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String initMacKey() throws Exception {
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_MAC);
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded());
}
/**
* HMAC加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptHMAC(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(decryptBASE64(key), KEY_MAC);
Mac mac = Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
mac.init(secretKey);
return mac.doFinal(data);
}
}
再给出一个测试类:
- import static org.junit.Assert.*;
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- import org.junit.Test;
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- public class CoderTest {
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- @Test
- public void test() throws Exception {
- String inputStr = "简单加密";
- System.err.println("原文:\n" + inputStr);
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- byte[] inputData = inputStr.getBytes();
- String code = Coder.encryptBASE64(inputData);
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- System.err.println("BASE64加密后:\n" + code);
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- byte[] output = Coder.decryptBASE64(code);
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- String outputStr = new String(output);
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- System.err.println("BASE64解密后:\n" + outputStr);
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- assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
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- assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptMD5(inputData), Coder
- .encryptMD5(inputData));
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- assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptSHA(inputData), Coder
- .encryptSHA(inputData));
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- String key = Coder.initMacKey();
- System.err.println("Mac密钥:\n" + key);
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- assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptHMAC(inputData, key), Coder.encryptHMAC(
- inputData, key));
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- BigInteger md5 = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptMD5(inputData));
- System.err.println("MD5:\n" + md5.toString(16));
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- BigInteger sha = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptSHA(inputData));
- System.err.println("SHA:\n" + sha.toString(32));
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- BigInteger mac = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptHMAC(inputData, inputStr));
- System.err.println("HMAC:\n" + mac.toString(16));
- }
- }
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public class CoderTest {
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
String inputStr = "简单加密";
System.err.println("原文:\n" + inputStr);
byte[] inputData = inputStr.getBytes();
String code = Coder.encryptBASE64(inputData);
System.err.println("BASE64加密后:\n" + code);
byte[] output = Coder.decryptBASE64(code);
String outputStr = new String(output);
System.err.println("BASE64解密后:\n" + outputStr);
// 验证BASE64加密解密一致性
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
// 验证MD5对于同一内容加密是否一致
assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptMD5(inputData), Coder
.encryptMD5(inputData));
// 验证SHA对于同一内容加密是否一致
assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptSHA(inputData), Coder
.encryptSHA(inputData));
String key = Coder.initMacKey();
System.err.println("Mac密钥:\n" + key);
// 验证HMAC对于同一内容,同一密钥加密是否一致
assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptHMAC(inputData, key), Coder.encryptHMAC(
inputData, key));
BigInteger md5 = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptMD5(inputData));
System.err.println("MD5:\n" + md5.toString(16));
BigInteger sha = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptSHA(inputData));
System.err.println("SHA:\n" + sha.toString(32));
BigInteger mac = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptHMAC(inputData, inputStr));
System.err.println("HMAC:\n" + mac.toString(16));
}
}
控制台输出:
- 原文:
- 简单加密
- BASE64加密后:
- 566A5Y2V5Yqg5a+G
-
- BASE64解密后:
- 简单加密
- Mac密钥:
- uGxdHC+6ylRDaik++leFtGwiMbuYUJ6mqHWyhSgF4trVkVBBSQvY/a22xU8XT1RUemdCWW155Bke
- pBIpkd7QHg==
-
- MD5:
- -550b4d90349ad4629462113e7934de56
- SHA:
- 91k9vo7p400cjkgfhjh0ia9qthsjagfn
- HMAC:
- 2287d192387e95694bdbba2fa941009a