留学Essay写作结构需要怎么构建？

　　无论是什么学科，作为留学生的我们在学习上经常要做的一件事就是写Essay。Essay如何写，Essay结构该怎么构建，如何来计划一篇研究，这些问题看起来很复杂，可是无论任何学科，如何来架构你的Essay，其实也有一定的规律可循。

 

　　No matter what subject it is,as an international student,one thing we often do in our study is to write Essay.How to write Essay,how to construct Essay structure,and how to plan a study seem very complex,but no matter how to structure your Essay in any discipline,there are certain rules to follow.

　　留学生如何正确架构Essay？

　　How do international students structure Essay correctly?

　　完整的学术Essay一般包含以下部分：

　　A complete academic Essay generally includes the following parts:

　　封面

　　cover

　　首页通常书写合作导师、主题、副题、作者、单位、联系方式、撰写时间、及其他必要附注事项。

　　The front page usually includes the co tutor,theme,subtitle,author,organization,contact information,writing time,and other necessary notes.

　　正文内容

　　Body content

　　1.研究目的Specific Objective

　　1.Specific Objective

　　扼要说明研究内容，包括：主要研究问题、附带研究问题，界定研究中主要概念或主要名词的定义、界定研究的范围、及其他必要说明的相关事项。本章名称统称为绪论（Introduction）。

　　Briefly explain the research content,including:main research questions,incidental research questions,defining the main concepts or main terms in the research,defining the scope of the research,and other relevant matters that need to be explained.The title of this chapter is generally called Introduction.

　　2.文献研究/与问题探讨Literature Review

　　2.Literature Review

　　本章名称通常只是「文献研究」，但重点应在「问题探讨」。说明为什么要研究这项问题，以往对这项问题有什么样的资料或评论，有什么值得更进一步探讨的地方。根据以往研究经验，推演本次研究重点。

　　The title of this chapter is usually"literature research",but the focus should be"problem discussion".Explain why this issue should be studied,what kind of data or comments have been made on this issue in the past,and what is worthy of further discussion.Based on previous research experience,deduce the focus of this research.

　　3.研究方法Research Methods/Methodology

　　3.Research Methods/Methodology

　　研究时间、地点、规模、工具、测量及收集资料的方法。一般的Essay写作计划，就是以上3章，再加上参考文献部分。

　　Research time,place,scale,tools,measurement and data collection methods.The general Essay plan is the above three chapters plus the references.

　　4.研究发现/数据分析Findings

　　4.Research findings/data analysis Findings

　　也可命名为：数据分析Data analysis。具体是指将收集到的数据整理、检验、统计、分析，最好以表格、图形的方式辅助视觉表现。在管理研究领域，数据分析几乎必以统计方法为之。

　　It can also be named Data analysis.Specifically,it refers to the sorting,inspection,statistics and analysis of the collected data.It is better to use tables and graphs to assist visual performance.In the field of management research,statistical methods are almost necessary for data analysis.

　　5.与建议Conclusion and Future Study

　　5.Discussion and Future Study

　　对研究的意义作正反解释，并说明研究的贡献与重要性。结论非常重要的是：必须与第一章研究目的完全密切呼应。研究问题的每一项条目，均应在此相应回答。当然，结论中也可能纳入考验过程中发现的新事实。

　　Explain the significance of the study both positively and negatively,and explain the contribution and importance of the study.The conclusion is very important:it must be completely consistent with the research purpose of Chapter I.Each item of the research question should be answered here.Of course,new facts discovered during the test may also be included in the conclusion.

　　6.参考文献References

　　6.References

　　最后，把所参考的文献篇目以标准格式列在文末。如果没有规定的格式，自己的格式必须一致。从「参考文献」的格式要件，大致可以看出作者到底有没有「真正找资料、研究资料」，还是「抄资料、凑资料」。所以，国际Essay审查，第一步就是阅览摘要、和书目格式审查。

　　Finally,the references are listed at the end of the paper in a standard format.If there is no specified format,its own format must be consistent.From the format elements of"references",we can roughly see whether the author has"really found data,research data"or"copied data,collected data".Therefore,the first step of international Essay review is to review the summary and bibliographic format.