PYTHON 操作 XML
读取XML文件
关于XML的介绍
与 是一对标签的开始与结束
name=“cat”，name是标签的一个属性，cat是name属性的值
description here …是标签的内容，这里是一段文本。当然也可以是xml的嵌套
description here ...
准备一个demo.xml文件
1980
male
Math
2000
female
skating
rocks
90
95
2001
female
reading
guitar
2000
male
football
surfing
80
92
读取xml文件内容
# Read the .xml file
tree = ET.parse("demo.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root)
结果
遍历XML元素
for … in … 可以遍历当前元素的所有直接子节点
for n in root:
# items() returns all pairs of the tag
print(n, n.tag , n.attrib, n.items())
结果
(
, 'teacher', {'name': 'Albert'}, [('name', 'Albert')])
(, 'student', {'name': 'Becky'}, [('name', 'Becky')])
(, 'student', {'name': 'Cindy'}, [('name', 'Cindy')])
(, 'student', {'name': 'Duke'}, [('name', 'Duke')])
想要迭代遍历当前元素的所有子节点（包括子孙节点）
for n in root.iter():
print(n, n.tag)
结果
(
, 'data')
(, 'teacher')
(, 'birthday')
(, 'gender')
(, 'subject')
(, 'student')
(, 'birthday')
(, 'gender')
(, 'hobbies')
(, 'hobby')
(, 'hobby')
(, 'exam')
(, 'math')
(, 'english')
(, 'music')
(, 'student')
(, 'birthday')
(, 'gender')
(, 'hobbies')
(, 'hobby')
(, 'hobby')
(, 'exam')
(, 'student')
(, 'birthday')
(, 'gender')
(, 'hobbies')
(, 'hobby')
(, 'hobby')
(, 'exam')
(, 'math')
(, 'english')
(, 'music')
想要选择性地迭代直接子节点
for n in root.iter('teacher'):
print(n, n.tag)
(, 'teacher')
查找XML元素
find与findall查找xml元素
# find the first element
print(root.find('student'))
# find all elements
print(root.findall('student'))
[ , , ]
demo
for n in root:
if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Becky':
exam_node = n.find('exam')
for subject in exam_node:
print(subject.tag + " " + subject.text)
结果
math 90
english 90
music 95
添加XML元素
p = ET.Element(tag_name)
demo
for n in root:
if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Cindy':
exam_node = n.find('exam')
exam_node.set("absence", "no")
for subject in ['math', 'music']:
p = ET.Element(subject)
p.text = '90'
exam_node.append(p)
if os.path.exists('new.xml'):
os.remove('new.xml')
tree.write('new.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
结果
2001
female
reading
guitar
90
修改XML元素
demo
for n in root:
if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Cindy':
exam_node = n.find('exam')
exam_node.set("absence", "no")
exam_node.set("date", "2022-11-11")
for subject in ['math', 'music']:
p = ET.Element(subject)
p.text = '90'
exam_node.append(p)
hobbies_node = n.find('hobbies').findall("hobby")
hobbies_node[0].text = 'piano'
p = ET.Element("hobby")
p.set("old_hobby", 'yes')
p.text = 'reading'
n.find('hobbies').remove(hobbies_node[1])
n.find('hobbies').append(p)
结果
2001
female
piano
reading
90
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