如何使用支付宝支付接口

支付宝支付

入门

"""
1）支付宝API：六大接口
https://docs.open.alipay.com/270/105900/

2）支付宝工作流程(见下图)：
https://docs.open.alipay.com/270/105898/

3）支付宝8次异步通知机制(支付宝对我们服务器发送POST请求，索要 success 7个字符)
https://docs.open.alipay.com/270/105902/
"""
# 1、在沙箱环境下实名认证：https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info

# 2、电脑网站支付API：https://docs.open.alipay.com/270/105900/

# 3、完成RSA密钥生成：https://docs.open.alipay.com/291/105971

# 4、在开发中心的沙箱应用下设置应用公钥：填入生成的公钥文件中的内容

# 5、Python支付宝开源框架：https://github.com/fzlee/alipay
# >: pip install python-alipay-sdk --upgrade

# 7、公钥私钥设置
"""
# alipay_public_key.pem
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
支付宝公钥
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

# app_private_key.pem
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
用户私钥
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"""

# 8、支付宝链接
"""
开发：https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do
沙箱：https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do
"""

支付流程

aliapy二次封装包

GitHub开源框架

https://github.com/fzlee/alipay

依赖

>: pip install python-alipay-sdk --upgrade
# 如果抛ssl相关错误，代表缺失该包
>: pip install pyopenssl

结构

libs
    ├── iPay  							# aliapy二次封装包
    │   ├── __init__.py 				# 包文件
    │   ├── pem							# 公钥私钥文件夹
    │   │   ├── alipay_public_key.pem	# 支付宝公钥文件
    │   │   ├── app_private_key.pem		# 应用私钥文件
    │   ├── pay.py						# 支付文件
    └── └── settings.py  				# 应用配置

alipay_public_key.pem

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
拿应用公钥跟支付宝换来的支付宝公钥
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

app_private_key.pem

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
通过支付宝公钥私钥签发软件签发的应用私钥
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

setting.py

import os
# 应用私钥
APP_PRIVATE_KEY_STRING = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'pem', 'app_private_key.pem')).read()

# 支付宝公钥
ALIPAY_PUBLIC_KEY_STRING = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'pem', 'alipay_public_key.pem')).read()

# 应用ID
APP_ID = '2016093000631831'

# 加密方式
SIGN = 'RSA2'

# 是否是支付宝测试环境(沙箱环境)，如果采用真是支付宝环境，配置False
DEBUG = True

# 支付网关
GATEWAY = 'https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do' if DEBUG else 'https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do'

pay.py

from alipay import AliPay
from . import settings

# 支付对象
alipay = AliPay(
    appid=settings.APP_ID,
    app_notify_url=None,
    app_private_key_string=settings.APP_PRIVATE_KEY_STRING,
    alipay_public_key_string=settings.ALIPAY_PUBLIC_KEY_STRING,
    sign_type=settings.SIGN,
    debug=settings.DEBUG
)

# 支付网关
gateway = settings.GATEWAY

*init*.py

# 包对外提供的变量
from .pay import gateway, alipay

补充：在自己项目的配置文件中配置支付宝回调接口：settings.py | dev.py

# 上线后必须换成公网地址
# 后台基URL
BASE_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000'
# 前台基URL
LUFFY_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'
# 支付宝同步异步回调接口配置
# 后台异步回调接口
NOTIFY_URL = BASE_URL + "/order/success/"
# 前台同步回调接口，没有 / 结尾
RETURN_URL = LUFFY_URL + "/pay/success"

后台 - 支付接口

路由：order/urls.py

from django.urls import path, include
from utils.router import router
from . import views

"""
1）支付接口(需要登录认证：是谁)：前台提交商品等信息，得到支付链接
    post方法

分析：支付宝回调
    同步：get给前台 => 前台可以在收到支付宝同步get回调时，ajax异步在给消息同步给后台，也采用get，后台处理前台的get请求
    异步：post给后台 => 后台直接处理支付宝的post请求
2）支付回调接口(不需要登录认证：哪个订单(订单信息中有非对称加密)、支付宝压根不可能有你的token)：
    get方法：处理前台来的同步回调（不一定能收得到，所有不能在该方法完成后台订单状态等信息操作）
    post方法：处理支付宝来的异步回调
    
3）订单状态确认接口：随你前台任何时候来校验订单状态的接口
"""
# 支付接口(生成订单)
router.register('pay', views.PayViewSet, 'pay')


urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),

    path('success/', views.SuccessViewSet.as_view({'get': 'get', 'post': 'post'}))
]

模型表：order/models.py

"""
class Order(models.Model):
    # 主键、总金额、订单名、订单号、订单状态、创建时间、支付时间、流水号、支付方式、支付人(外键) - 优惠劵(外键，可为空)
    pass

class OrderDetail(models.Model):
    # 订单号(外键)、商品(外键)、实价、成交价 - 商品数量
    pass
"""
from django.db import models
from user.models import User
from course.models import Course


class Order(models.Model):
    """订单模型"""
    status_choices = (
        (0, '未支付'),
        (1, '已支付'),
        (2, '已取消'),
        (3, '超时取消'),
    )
    pay_choices = (
        (1, '支付宝'),
        (2, '微信支付'),
    )
    subject = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name="订单标题")
    total_amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="订单总价", default=0)
    out_trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name="订单号", unique=True)
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=True, verbose_name="流水号")
    order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0, verbose_name="订单状态")
    pay_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=pay_choices, default=1, verbose_name="支付方式")
    pay_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, verbose_name="支付时间")
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='order_user', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="下单用户")
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')

    class Meta:
        db_table = "luffy_order"
        verbose_name = "订单记录"
        verbose_name_plural = "订单记录"

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s - ￥%s" % (self.subject, self.total_amount)

    @property
    def courses(self):
        data_list = []
        for item in self.order_courses.all():
            data_list.append({
                "id": item.id,
                "course_name": item.course.name,
                "real_price": item.real_price,
            })
        return data_list


class OrderDetail(models.Model):
    """订单详情"""
    order = models.ForeignKey(Order, related_name='order_courses', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="订单")
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, related_name='course_orders', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="课程")
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程原价")
    real_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程实价")

    class Meta:
        db_table = "luffy_order_detail"
        verbose_name = "订单详情"
        verbose_name_plural = "订单详情"

    def __str__(self):
        try:
            return "%s的订单：%s" % (self.course.name, self.order.out_trade_no)
        except:
            return super().__str__()

支付接口类：order/views.py

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet, ViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.response import Response
from . import models, serializers


# 支付接口
class PayViewSet(GenericViewSet, CreateModelMixin):
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
    queryset = models.Order.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.PaySerializer

    # 重写create方法，返回pay_url，pay_url是在serializer对象中，所以要知道serializer
    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data, context={'request': request})
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        self.perform_create(serializer)
        return Response(serializer.context['pay_url'])

支付接口序列化类：model/serializers

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
from course.models import Course
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.conf import settings


class PaySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 要支持单购物和群购物(购物车)，前台要提交 课程主键(们)
    courses = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Course.objects.all(), write_only=True, many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = models.Order
        fields = ('subject', 'total_amount', 'pay_type', 'courses')
        extra_kwargs = {
            'total_amount': {
                'required': True
            },
            'pay_type': {
                'required': True
            },
        }

    # 订单总结校验
    def _check_total_amount(self, attrs):
        courses = attrs.get('courses')
        total_amount = attrs.get('total_amount')
        total_price = 0
        for course in courses:
            total_price += course.price
        if total_price != total_amount:
            raise ValidationError('total_amount error')
        return total_amount

    # 生成订单号
    def _get_out_trade_no(self):
        import uuid
        code = '%s' % uuid.uuid4()
        return code.replace('-', '')

    # 获取支付人
    def _get_user(self):
        return self.context.get('request').user

    # 获取支付链接
    def _get_pay_url(self, out_trade_no, total_amount, subject):
        from libs import iPay
        order_string = iPay.alipay.api_alipay_trade_page_pay(
            out_trade_no=out_trade_no,
            total_amount=float(total_amount),  # 只有生成支付宝链接时，不能用Decimal
            subject=subject,
            return_url=settings.RETURN_URL,
            notify_url=settings.NOTIFY_URL,
        )
        pay_url = iPay.gateway + '?' + order_string
        # 将支付链接存入，传递给views
        self.context['pay_url'] = pay_url

    # 入库(两个表)的信息准备
    def _before_create(self, attrs, user, out_trade_no):
        attrs['user'] = user
        attrs['out_trade_no'] = out_trade_no

    def validate(self, attrs):
        # 1）订单总价校验
        total_amount = self._check_total_amount(attrs)
        # 2）生成订单号
        out_trade_no = self._get_out_trade_no()
        # 3）支付用户：request.user
        user = self._get_user()
        # 4）支付链接生成
        self._get_pay_url(out_trade_no, total_amount, attrs.get('subject'))
        # 5）入库(两个表)的信息准备
        self._before_create(attrs, user, out_trade_no)

        # 代表该校验方法通过，进入入库操作
        return attrs



    # 重写入库方法的目的：完成订单与订单详情两个表入库操作
    def create(self, validated_data):
        courses = validated_data.pop('courses')
        # 订单表入库，不需要courses
        order = models.Order.objects.create(**validated_data)

        # 订单详情表入库：只需要订单对象，课程对象(courses要拆成一个个course)
        for course in courses:
            models.OrderDetail.objects.create(order=order, course=course, price=course.price, real_price=course.price)

        # 先循环制造数据列表[{}, ..., {}]，用群增完成入库 bulk_create()，效率高

        return order

前台 - 支付生成页面

课程主页或是详情页或者搜索页

<template>
	...
	<span class="buy-now" @click="buy_course(course)">立即购买</span>
</template>
<script>
 	export default {
    	methods: {
            // 购买课程
            buy_course(course) {
                // es6语法下，变量必须定义才能使用
                let token = this.$cookies.get('token');
                if (!token) {
                    this.$message({
                        message: '请先登录',
                        type: 'warning'
                    });
                    return false
                }
                this.$axios({
                    url: this.$settings.base_url + '/order/pay/',
                    method: 'post',
                    headers: {
                        authorization: 'luffy ' + token,
                    },
                    data: {
                        subject: course.name,
                        total_amount: course.price,
                        pay_type: 1,  // 现在只能默认1，为支付宝
                        courses: [course.id]  // 后台完成的是基于购物车情况下的接口，所以单购物为群购1个
                    }
                }).then(response => {
                    let pay_url = response.data;
                    // console.log(pay_url)
                    // 本页面标签调整：可以选择 _self 或 _blank
                    open(pay_url, '_self');
                }).catch(error => {
                    console.log(error.response.data)
                })
            },
        }
    }
</script>

前台 - 支付成功的回调页面

router/index.js

import PaySuccess from '../views/PaySuccess.vue'
// ...
const routes = [
    // ...
    {
        path: '/pay/success',
        name: 'pay-success',
        component: PaySuccess
    },
];

同步回调的参数

`
charset=utf-8&

out_trade_no=7f7c7d12d57d45b693e1b49a6b01e1dd&

method=alipay.trade.page.pay.return&

total_amount=39.00&

sign=FUmceqiNMWvxcD%2BUPCHiOTaEwlJ%2FXIXL5UwZWOSI1TwRjPIZVzjRLB4j2G5CQpn472JO8X%2BwMx04dHqjLxqLcY3TRu0XurQ%2FwKTNpyfDrtNuNv0rfGPuVHw52y3blbS7%2FKFVsWryw4%2BBuF2fCrJ4qWH8Zg14Rct7qoMbu73N74WkQtDyzXefiKDbkMMRMfLbelE9TFyeIeygeMId8%2B58mcJMUOh6aQqwpr9bzuBbfJ17fkqU%2F0ys9zGr%2FlDtLL7aAh6BPViqZN%2F9T7byCoferD1BhcSzJNR6V6VuhOdTq8iEaH2XgJT9aIiyHgg3GT1taBBvZX2gK41FSmkguk%2BfsA%3D%3D&

trade_no=2020030722001464020500585462&

auth_app_id=2016093000631831&

version=1.0&

app_id=2016093000631831&

sign_type=RSA2&

seller_id=2088102177958114&

timestamp=2020-03-07%2014%3A47%3A48
`
// 同步回调没与订单状态

views/PaySuccess.vue

<template>
    <div class="pay-success">
        <!--如果是单独的页面，就没必要展示导航栏(带有登录的用户)-->
        <Header/>
        <div class="main">
            <div class="title">
                <div class="success-tips">
                    <p class="tips">您已成功购买 1 门课程！</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="order-info">
                <p class="info"><b>订单号：</b><span>{{ result.out_trade_no }}</span></p>
                <p class="info"><b>交易号：</b><span>{{ result.trade_no }}</span></p>
                <p class="info"><b>付款时间：</b><span><span>{{ result.timestamp }}</span></span></p>
            </div>
            <div class="study">
                <span>立即学习</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import Header from "@/components/Header"

    export default {
        name: "Success",
        data() {
            return {
                result: {},
            };
        },
        created() {
            // url后拼接的参数：?及后面的所有参数 => ?a=1&b=2
            // console.log(location.search);

            // 解析支付宝回调的url参数
            let params = location.search.substring(1);  // 去除? => a=1&b=2
            let items = params.length ? params.split('&') : [];  // ['a=1', 'b=2']
            //逐个将每一项添加到args对象中
            for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {  // 第一次循环a=1，第二次b=2
                let k_v = items[i].split('=');  // ['a', '1']
                //解码操作，因为查询字符串经过编码的
                if (k_v.length >= 2) {
                    // url编码反解
                    let k = decodeURIComponent(k_v[0]);
                    this.result[k] = decodeURIComponent(k_v[1]);
                    // 没有url编码反解
                    // this.result[k_v[0]] = k_v[1];
                }

            }
            // 解析后的结果
            // console.log(this.result);


            // 把地址栏上面的支付结果，再get请求转发给后端
            this.$axios({
                url: this.$settings.base_url + '/order/success/' + location.search,
                method: 'get',
            }).then(response => {
                console.log(response.data);
            }).catch(() => {
                console.log('支付结果同步失败');
            })
        },
        components: {
            Header,
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .main {
        padding: 60px 0;
        margin: 0 auto;
        width: 1200px;
        background: #fff;
    }

    .main .title {
        display: flex;
        -ms-flex-align: center;
        align-items: center;
        padding: 25px 40px;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
    }

    .main .title .success-tips {
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .title img {
        vertical-align: middle;
        width: 60px;
        height: 60px;
        margin-right: 40px;
    }

    .title .success-tips {
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .title .tips {
        font-size: 26px;
        color: #000;
    }


    .info span {
        color: #ec6730;
    }

    .order-info {
        padding: 25px 48px;
        padding-bottom: 15px;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
    }

    .order-info p {
        display: -ms-flexbox;
        display: flex;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .order-info p b {
        font-weight: 400;
        color: #9d9d9d;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .study {
        padding: 25px 40px;
    }

    .study span {
        display: block;
        width: 140px;
        height: 42px;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 42px;
        cursor: pointer;
        background: #ffc210;
        border-radius: 6px;
        font-size: 16px;
        color: #fff;
    }
</style>

后台 - 支付成功的回调接口

from utils.logging import logger
# 支付回调接口
class SuccessViewSet(ViewSet):
    authentication_classes = ()
    permission_classes = ()

    # 支付宝同步回调给前台，在同步通知给后台处理
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # return Response('后台已知晓，Over！！！')

        # 不能在该接口完成订单修改操作
        # 但是可以在该接口中校验订单状态(已经收到支付宝post异步通知，订单已修改)，告诉前台
        # print(type(request.query_params))  # django.http.request.QueryDict
        # print(type(request.query_params.dict()))  # dict

        out_trade_no = request.query_params.get('out_trade_no')
        try:
            models.Order.objects.get(out_trade_no=out_trade_no, order_status=1)
            return APIResponse(result=True)
        except:
            return APIResponse(1, 'error', result=False)


    # 支付宝异步回调处理
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            result_data = request.data.dict()
            out_trade_no = result_data.get('out_trade_no')
            signature = result_data.pop('sign')
            from libs import iPay
            result = iPay.alipay.verify(result_data, signature)
            if result and result_data["trade_status"] in ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "TRADE_FINISHED"):
                # 完成订单修改：订单状态、流水号、支付时间
                models.Order.objects.filter(out_trade_no=out_trade_no).update(order_status=1)
                # 完成日志记录
                logger.warning('%s订单支付成功' % out_trade_no)
                return Response('success')
            else:
                logger.error('%s订单支付失败' % out_trade_no)
        except:
            pass
        return Response('failed')