Python从人门到实践(五)列表元组与for循环

Python从人门到实践(五)列表

创建列表与使用其中元素

Python内置的一种数据类型是列表:list。
列表是由按照特定顺序排列的元素组成。
可以随时添加和删除其中的元素。
创建一个list

name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(name)
输出:
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

list里面的元素的数据类型也可以不同

L = ['Apple', 123, True]

list元素也可以是另一个list

p = ['asp', 'php']
s = ['python', 'java', p, 'scheme']
print(s)
print(len(s))
输出:
['python', 'java', ['asp', 'php'], 'scheme']
4

访问与使用list的内容

#索引从0开始
name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(name[0])
print(name[2])
#索引-1,直接返回最后一个元素(适用于不知道列表长度的情况)
print(name[-1])
输出:
trek
redline
specialized

修改添加删除list元素

修改
直接赋值给对应的索引位置

name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
#修改列表元素
#直接赋值给对应的索引位置
print(name)
name[1]='xxx'
print(name)
输出:
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
['trek', 'xxx', 'redline', 'specialized']

添加
append()
insert()

name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
#添加到末尾 append()
name.append('lwx')
print(name)
#插入insert()
name.insert(1,'xxx')
print(name)
输出:
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'lwx']
['trek', 'xxx', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'lwx']

删除与弹出
del()

#del删除
name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(name)
del name[0]
print(name)
输出:
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
['cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

注意两种删除方式的使用方法不同

pop()可以删除任意位置的元素

#pop弹出
name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(name)
popped_name_last=name.pop() #将最后一个元素拿出来
print(name)
print(popped_name_last)
popped_name_first=name.pop(0)#将指定的元素拿出来
print(name)
print(popped_name_first)
输出:
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline']
specialized
['cannondale', 'redline']
trek

remove()根据值删除元素
但remove只删除第一个指定的值,如多次出现需要循环来确保每个值都删除

name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(name)
name.remove('trek')
print(name)
输出:
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
['cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

组织list列表

sort()按首字母永久排序

name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(name)
name.sort()
print(name)
#反向排序
name.sort(reverse=True)
print(name)
输出:
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
['cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'trek']
['trek', 'specialized', 'redline', 'cannondale']

sorted()临时排序
不影响列表的原始排列顺序

name=['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print('here is(original):')
print(name)
print('here is(sorted):')
print(sorted(name))
print('now here is(again):')
print(name)
#反向排序另一种方法
name.reverse()
print(name)
输出:
here is(original):
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
here is(sorted):
['cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'trek']
now here is(again):
['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
['specialized', 'redline', 'cannondale', 'trek']

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