爬虫Robots协议

Robots协议是互联网爬虫的一项公认的道德规范，它的全称是“网络爬虫排除标准”（Robots exclusion protocol），这个协议用来告诉爬虫，哪些页面是可以抓取的，哪些不可以。

如何查看网站的robots协议呢，很简单，在网站的域名后加上/robots.txt就可以了。

如百度https://www.baidu.com/robots.txt

User-agent: Baiduspider     #  百度爬虫
Disallow: /baidu         #disallow禁止访问，allow允许访问
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Googlebot
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: MSNBot
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Baiduspider-image
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: YoudaoBot
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Sogou web spider
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Sogou inst spider
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Sogou spider2
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Sogou blog
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Sogou News Spider
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Sogou Orion spider
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: ChinasoSpider
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: Sosospider
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh


User-agent: yisouspider
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: EasouSpider
Disallow: /baidu
Disallow: /s?
Disallow: /shifen/
Disallow: /homepage/
Disallow: /cpro
Disallow: /ulink?
Disallow: /link?
Disallow: /home/news/data/
Disallow: /bh

User-agent: *
Disallow: /

虽然Robots协议只是一个道德规范，和爬虫相关的法律也还在建立和完善之中，但我们在爬取网络中的信息时，也应该有意识地去遵守这个协议。

网站的服务器被爬虫爬得多了，也会受到较大的压力，因此，各大网站也会做一些反爬虫的措施。不过呢，有反爬虫，也就有相应的反反爬虫。

恶意消耗别人的服务器资源，是一件不道德的事，恶意爬取一些不被允许的数据，还可能会引起严重的法律后果。

工具在你手中，如何利用它是你的选择。当你在爬取网站数据的时候，别忘了先看看网站的Robots协议是否允许你去爬取。

同时，限制好爬虫的速度，对提供数据的服务器心存感谢，避免给它造成太大压力，维持良好的互联网秩序，也是我们该做的事。