win10：vscode和nuwen-mingw搭建c环境

c_cpp_properties.json

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "G:\\MySoftware\\scoop\\apps\\nuwen-mingw-without-git\\current\\bin\\gcc.exe",
            "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64",
            "cStandard": "c17",
            "cppStandard": "c++23"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

launch.json

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    // ${workspaceRoot} 当前打开的文件夹的绝对路径+文件夹的名字
    // ${workspaceRootFolderName}   当前打开的文件夹的名字
    // ${file} 当前打开正在编辑的文件名，包括绝对路径，文件名，文件后缀名
    // ${relativeFile} 从当前打开的文件夹到当前打开的文件的路径
    // ${fileBasename}  当前打开的文件名+后缀名，不包括路径
    // ${fileBasenameNoExtension} 当前打开的文件的文件名，不包括路径和后缀名
    // ${fileDirname} 当前打开的文件所在的绝对路径，不包括文件名
    // ${fileExtname} 当前打开的文件的后缀名

    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": 
    [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) 启动",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": true,
            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "G:\\MySoftware\\scoop\\apps\\nuwen-mingw-without-git\\current\\bin\\gdb.exe",
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: gcc.exe 生成活动文件",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                },
                {
                    "description":  "将反汇编风格设置为 Intel",
                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
        }
    ]
}

tasks.json

{
	"version": "2.0.0",
	"tasks": [
		{
			"type": "cppbuild",
			"label": "C/C++: gcc.exe 生成活动文件",
			"command": "G:\\MySoftware\\scoop\\apps\\nuwen-mingw-without-git\\current\\bin\\gcc.exe",
			"args": [
				"-Wall",
				"-fdiagnostics-color=always",
				"-g",
				"${fileDirname}\\*.c",
				"-o",
				"${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
				"-finput-charset=UTF-8",  // 输入编译器文本编码 默认为UTF-8
                "-fexec-charset=UTF-8"    // 编译器输出文本编码 自行选择
			],
			"options": {
				"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
			},
			"problemMatcher": [
				"$gcc"
			],
			"group": {
				"kind": "build",
				"isDefault": true
			},
			"presentation": {
				"echo": true,
				"reveal": "always",
				"focus": false,
				"panel": "shared",
				"showReuseMessage": true,
				"clear": false
			},
			"detail": "编译器: G:\\MySoftware\\scoop\\apps\\nuwen-mingw-without-git\\current\\bin\\gcc.exe"
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"label": "C/C++: 运行活动文件",
			"dependsOn": "C/C++: gcc.exe 生成活动文件",
			"command": [
				"chcp 65001", // chcp 65001 设置终端为utf-8，解决乱码问题
				";",
				"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
			],
			"group": {
				"kind": "test",
				"isDefault": true
			},
			"presentation": {
				"echo": true,
				"reveal": "always",
				"focus": false,
				"panel": "shared",
				"showReuseMessage": true,
				"clear": false
			}
		},
	]
}

一些调试命令

• 格式：-exec + gdb命令
• 查看命令的使用方法：-exec help + gdb命令
  • -exec help breakpoints
  • -exec help backtrace
• 查看当前将要执行指令的汇编
  • -exec display /i $rip
  • -exec display /20i $rip 当前将要执行的20行代码的汇编
• 查看汇编
  • -exec disassemble
  • -exec disassemble /m
  • -exec disassemble /m main
• 查看寄存器/栈帧
  • -exec info registers
  • -exec info frame
• 打印某寄存器的值
  • -exec print $rip
• 执行下一行
  • -exec si

注意

• 记得把编译器路径设成自己电脑安装的mingw路径
• .c文件和.h文件的编码格式为utf-8，否则vscode命令行终端输出中文会乱码

参考

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44465434/article/details/126379978