C语言与OCI一起操作oracle

一,oci简介:
OCI(Oracle Call Intedace,即0racle调用层接口)是Oracle公司提供的由头文件和库函数等组成的一个访问Oracle数据库的应用程序编程接口(application programming interface API),它允许开发人员在第三代编程语言(包括C, C++, COBOL 与 FORTRAN)中通过SQL(Structure Query Language)来操纵Oracle数据库,而且OCI在一定程度上支持第三代编程语言(诸如C, C++, COBOL 与 FORTRAN)的数据类型、语法等等。OCI的显著特点是全面支持Oracle的面向对象技术,同时OCI还具有如下的一些特点:
1)高度控制应用程序的执行;
2)允许开发人员应用已熟悉的第三代程序设计语言来应用OCI;
3)可以内嵌到C代码中
4)支持动态SQL;
5)几乎所有的Oracle的开发工具都支持OCI;
6)通过回调技术(callbacks)来实现动态绑定与定义;
7)通过OCI的描述函数可以获取Oracle数据库的各种参数;
8)增强了数组在DML(data manipulation language)语言中的应用;
OCI接口支持Windows NT和Windows 95/98/2000/XP操作系统,它所支持的C语言编译器包括Borland C++和MiroSoft VisualC++等。在使用0CI开发Oralce数据库应用程序之前,应首先安装这些操作系统和C语言编译工具。在选择安装OCI开发工具包后,Oracle安装程序将0CI文件拷贝到oracle主目录内的以下子目录中:
头文件oci.h在
/home/oracle_11/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/public/oci.h
二,简单的说一下oci的工作步骤
oci编程所需要的一些数据
typedef struct
{
OCIEnv* phOCIEnv ;//OCI环境句柄
OCIError* phOCIErr;//OCI错误句柄
OCISvcCtx* phOCISvctx;//服务上下文句柄
OCIServer* phOCIServe; /服务器上下文句柄/
OCIStmt* phOCIstmt; //语句句柄
OCISession * phSession; //会话句柄
char* DBName;//数据库服务名
char* UserName;//数据库用户名
char* Pwd;//数据库密码
}OCIHP;
2.1,分配和初始化一些句柄(如图)
C语言与OCI一起操作oracle_第1张图片

2.2,分配初始化好句柄以后进行连接数据库如图
C语言与OCI一起操作oracle_第2张图片
2.3,连接数据库以后就要执行一些sql语句,步骤如下
数据库连接好后可以执行SQL语句:一条SQL语句在OCI应用程序中的执行步骤一般如下:(1)准备SQL语句。(2)在SQL语句中绑定需要输入到SQL语句中的变量。(3)执行SQL语句。(4)获取SQL中的输出描述。(5)定义输出变量。(6)获取数据。具体过程及过程中调用的函数如下图所示。对于SQL中的定义语句(如CREATE,DROP)和控制语句(如GRANT,REVOKE),由于没有数据的输入输出,只需要图2中第一步和第三步即可。操作语句(如INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE)则需要执行前三步。而查询语句(如SELECT)不仅可能有数据输入,而且也有数据的输出,因此需要执行六个步骤。
C语言与OCI一起操作oracle_第3张图片

三,常用函数解析可以到这里下载
http://download.csdn.net/detail/u011573853/9328969

四,案例,本人写了一个很浅显的案例,实现了增删改查操作,使用绑定参数和不绑定两种方式完成的,适合我这样的新手看,高手飘过核心代码如下
全部代码可以到此下载
http://download.csdn.net/detail/u011573853/9328997

//插入数据(不绑定参数的)
void Oci_insert(OCIHP* ph,char *sql)
{
	
	printf("sql =%s\n",sql);
	  char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
	
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
			return ;
			}   		
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}


//绑定参数插入
void Oci_insert_bang(OCIHP* ph)
{
	
	  char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
		OCIBind* bhp[10];  
 		char id[5]="11";
 		char sname[15]="liuyupei";
 		int age=20;
 		char sex[]="v";

		 	char sql[]="insert into stu(id,sname,age,sex) values(:Vhid,:Vhname,:Vhage,:Vhsex)";
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
			return ;
			}   
			
				//绑定输入参数变量
			/*
			//把id 和:Vhid绑定在一起
			 if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[0], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhid",strlen(":Vhid"), (ub1 *)id , strlen(id)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","1参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
		      }
		    //把sname 和:Vhname绑定在一起
		  if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[1], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhname",strlen(":Vhname"), (ub1 *)sname , strlen(sname)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","2参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
		      }
		     //把age 和:Vhage绑定在一起 
		 	 if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[2], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhage",-1, (ub1 *)&age , (sword)4, 
			 	      SQLT_INT, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","3参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
		      }
		      
		      
		        //把sex 和:Vhsex绑定在一起 
		 		 if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[3], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhsex",strlen(":Vhsex"), (ub1 *)sex , strlen(sex)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","4参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
		      }*/
		    
		    //第二种绑定的方法
			 OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[0], ph->phOCIErr, 1,
			                  (dvoid *)id, sizeof(id), SQLT_STR,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0,OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[1], ph->phOCIErr, 2,
			                  (dvoid *)sname, sizeof(sname), SQLT_STR,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[2], ph->phOCIErr, 3,
			                  (dvoid *)&age, sizeof(int), SQLT_INT,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT); 
			OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[3], ph->phOCIErr, 4,
			                  (dvoid *)sex, sizeof(sex), SQLT_STR, (dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT); 
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}
//更新数据不绑定
void Oci_update(OCIHP* ph,char *sql)
{
	
	printf("sql =%s\n",sql);
	  char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
	
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
				  if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
			return ;
			}   		
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}

//更新数据绑定参数
void Oci_update_bang(OCIHP* ph)
{
	char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
		OCIBind* bhp[10];  
 		char id[5]="11";
 		char sname[15]="liweieieieei";
;

		 	char sql[]="update stu set sname=':Vhname' where id=':Vhid'";
		 	
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
			return ;
			}   
			
				//绑定输入参数变量
			/*
			//把id 和:Vhid绑定在一起
			 if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[0], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhid",strlen(":Vhid"), (ub1 *)id , strlen(id)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","1参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return 0;
		      }
		    //把sname 和:Vhname绑定在一起
		  if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[1], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhname",strlen(":Vhname"), (ub1 *)sname , strlen(sname)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","2参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return 0;
		      }
		    */
		    
		    //第二种绑定的方法
			 OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[0], ph->phOCIErr, 2,
			                  (dvoid *)id, sizeof(id), SQLT_STR,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0,OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[1], ph->phOCIErr, 1,
			                  (dvoid *)sname, sizeof(sname), SQLT_STR,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT); 
		 
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}

//查询
void Oci_select(OCIHP* ph)
{
	  int nRet = 0;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
 		OCIDefine * bhp[10];  
 		char id[20];
 		char sname[30];
 		int age;
 		char sex[20];

 		
 		char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
   //char sname[10] ={0};

    b2 sb2aIndid[30]; //指示器变量,用于取可能存在空值的字
		   char sql[]="select id,sname,age,sex  from stu  ";

			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql, 
				               (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); //准备SQL语句
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
			return ;
			}   
			
		    //获取数据长度
				ub2 datalen = 0;
			//绑定输出参数
			if(OCIDefineByPos(ph->phOCIstmt,&bhp[0],ph->phOCIErr, 1, (dvoid *)&id, (ub4)sizeof(id),
           SQLT_STR/*LBI long binary type */, &sb2aIndid[0], &datalen, NULL,   OCI_DEFAULT) !=0)
    {
    	
    	//获取错误信息
    	 if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg,
    	 	       sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
               printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
      OCIHandleFree(ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
      	printf("%s\n","1参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
      
    }
    if(OCIDefineByPos(ph->phOCIstmt,&bhp[1],ph->phOCIErr, 2,(dvoid *)&sname, (ub4)sizeof(sname),
        SQLT_STR/*LBI long binary type */, &sb2aIndid[1], &datalen, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT) !=0)
    {
    	//获取错误信息
    	 if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*)sErrorMsg,
    	 	     sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
         OCIHandleFree(ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
      	printf("%s\n","2参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;

    }
   if(OCIDefineByPos(ph->phOCIstmt,&bhp[2],ph->phOCIErr, 3,(dvoid *)&age, (ub4)4,
        SQLT_INT/*LBI long binary type */, NULL, &datalen, NULL,  OCI_DEFAULT) !=0)
    {
    	//获取错误信息
    	 if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
    	 	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
     printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
      OCIHandleFree(ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
      	printf("%s\n","3参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
    
    }
   if(OCIDefineByPos(ph->phOCIstmt,&bhp[3],ph->phOCIErr, 4,(dvoid *)&sex, (ub4)sizeof(sex),
        SQLT_STR/*LBI long binary type */, &sb2aIndid[3], &datalen, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT) !=0)
    {
    	//获取错误信息
    	 if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*)sErrorMsg,
    	 	    sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
     printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
      OCIHandleFree(ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
      	printf("%s\n","4参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;

    }
    //获取执行语句类型
    ub2 stmt_type;
	  OCIAttrGet ((dvoid *)ph->phOCIstmt, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (dvoid *)&stmt_type, (ub4 *)0, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE, ph->phOCIErr);
     printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)(stmt_type==OCI_STMT_SELECT?1:0), 
                      (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				 printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				 printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				
          if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
           printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		    	return ;
			} 
	
		// 利用游标提取信息
	int rows_fetched;
  do
	  {
			printf("id=%s,sname=%s,age=%d,sex =%s\n",id,(sb2aIndid[1]==-1?"NULL":sname),age,sex);
			printf("%d\n",sb2aIndid[0]);
			printf("%d\n",sb2aIndid[1]);

	  }
	   while(OCIStmtFetch2(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_NO_DATA);
	
	// 获得记录条数
  OCIAttrGet((CONST void *)ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (void *)&rows_fetched, (ub4 *)sizeof(rows_fetched),
              OCI_ATTR_ROW_COUNT, ph->phOCIErr);
  printf("总共记录数 %d\n",rows_fetched);
}

   //删除数据
void Oci_delete(OCIHP* ph,char *sql)
{
		printf("sql =%s\n",sql);
	  char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
	
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
				  if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
			return ;
			}   		
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}

简单的makefile://插入数据(不绑定参数的)
void Oci_insert(OCIHP* ph,char *sql)
{
	
	printf("sql =%s\n",sql);
	  char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
	
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
			return ;
			}   		
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}


//绑定参数插入
void Oci_insert_bang(OCIHP* ph)
{
	
	  char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
		OCIBind* bhp[10];  
 		char id[5]="11";
 		char sname[15]="liuyupei";
 		int age=20;
 		char sex[]="v";

		 	char sql[]="insert into stu(id,sname,age,sex) values(:Vhid,:Vhname,:Vhage,:Vhsex)";
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
			return ;
			}   
			
				//绑定输入参数变量
			/*
			//把id 和:Vhid绑定在一起
			 if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[0], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhid",strlen(":Vhid"), (ub1 *)id , strlen(id)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","1参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
		      }
		    //把sname 和:Vhname绑定在一起
		  if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[1], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhname",strlen(":Vhname"), (ub1 *)sname , strlen(sname)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","2参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
		      }
		     //把age 和:Vhage绑定在一起 
		 	 if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[2], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhage",-1, (ub1 *)&age , (sword)4, 
			 	      SQLT_INT, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","3参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
		      }
		      
		      
		        //把sex 和:Vhsex绑定在一起 
		 		 if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[3], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhsex",strlen(":Vhsex"), (ub1 *)sex , strlen(sex)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","4参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
		      }*/
		    
		    //第二种绑定的方法
			 OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[0], ph->phOCIErr, 1,
			                  (dvoid *)id, sizeof(id), SQLT_STR,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0,OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[1], ph->phOCIErr, 2,
			                  (dvoid *)sname, sizeof(sname), SQLT_STR,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[2], ph->phOCIErr, 3,
			                  (dvoid *)&age, sizeof(int), SQLT_INT,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT); 
			OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[3], ph->phOCIErr, 4,
			                  (dvoid *)sex, sizeof(sex), SQLT_STR, (dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT); 
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}
//更新数据不绑定
void Oci_update(OCIHP* ph,char *sql)
{
	
	printf("sql =%s\n",sql);
	  char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
	
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
				  if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
			return ;
			}   		
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}

//更新数据绑定参数
void Oci_update_bang(OCIHP* ph)
{
	char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
		OCIBind* bhp[10];  
 		char id[5]="11";
 		char sname[15]="liweieieieei";
;

		 	char sql[]="update stu set sname=':Vhname' where id=':Vhid'";
		 	
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
			return ;
			}   
			
				//绑定输入参数变量
			/*
			//把id 和:Vhid绑定在一起
			 if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[0], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhid",strlen(":Vhid"), (ub1 *)id , strlen(id)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","1参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return 0;
		      }
		    //把sname 和:Vhname绑定在一起
		  if ((nRet= OCIBindByName(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[1], ph->phOCIErr, (text *) ":Vhname",strlen(":Vhname"), (ub1 *)sname , strlen(sname)+1, 
			 	     SQLT_STR, (void *) 0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT))!=OCI_SUCCESS)
			 	   {
			 	        	printf("%s\n","2参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return 0;
		      }
		    */
		    
		    //第二种绑定的方法
			 OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[0], ph->phOCIErr, 2,
			                  (dvoid *)id, sizeof(id), SQLT_STR,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0,OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  OCIBindByPos(ph->phOCIstmt, &bhp[1], ph->phOCIErr, 1,
			                  (dvoid *)sname, sizeof(sname), SQLT_STR,(dvoid*)0,(ub2 *) 0, (ub2) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT); 
		 
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}

//查询
void Oci_select(OCIHP* ph)
{
	  int nRet = 0;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
 		OCIDefine * bhp[10];  
 		char id[20];
 		char sname[30];
 		int age;
 		char sex[20];

 		
 		char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
   //char sname[10] ={0};

    b2 sb2aIndid[30]; //指示器变量,用于取可能存在空值的字
		   char sql[]="select id,sname,age,sex  from stu  ";

			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql, 
				               (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); //准备SQL语句
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
			return ;
			}   
			
		    //获取数据长度
				ub2 datalen = 0;
			//绑定输出参数
			if(OCIDefineByPos(ph->phOCIstmt,&bhp[0],ph->phOCIErr, 1, (dvoid *)&id, (ub4)sizeof(id),
           SQLT_STR/*LBI long binary type */, &sb2aIndid[0], &datalen, NULL,   OCI_DEFAULT) !=0)
    {
    	
    	//获取错误信息
    	 if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg,
    	 	       sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
               printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
      OCIHandleFree(ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
      	printf("%s\n","1参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
      
    }
    if(OCIDefineByPos(ph->phOCIstmt,&bhp[1],ph->phOCIErr, 2,(dvoid *)&sname, (ub4)sizeof(sname),
        SQLT_STR/*LBI long binary type */, &sb2aIndid[1], &datalen, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT) !=0)
    {
    	//获取错误信息
    	 if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*)sErrorMsg,
    	 	     sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
         OCIHandleFree(ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
      	printf("%s\n","2参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;

    }
   if(OCIDefineByPos(ph->phOCIstmt,&bhp[2],ph->phOCIErr, 3,(dvoid *)&age, (ub4)4,
        SQLT_INT/*LBI long binary type */, NULL, &datalen, NULL,  OCI_DEFAULT) !=0)
    {
    	//获取错误信息
    	 if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
    	 	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
     printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
      OCIHandleFree(ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
      	printf("%s\n","3参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;
    
    }
   if(OCIDefineByPos(ph->phOCIstmt,&bhp[3],ph->phOCIErr, 4,(dvoid *)&sex, (ub4)sizeof(sex),
        SQLT_STR/*LBI long binary type */, &sb2aIndid[3], &datalen, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT) !=0)
    {
    	//获取错误信息
    	 if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*)sErrorMsg,
    	 	    sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
     printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
      OCIHandleFree(ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
      	printf("%s\n","4参数绑定失败");
			 	        	return ;

    }
    //获取执行语句类型
    ub2 stmt_type;
	  OCIAttrGet ((dvoid *)ph->phOCIstmt, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (dvoid *)&stmt_type, (ub4 *)0, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE, ph->phOCIErr);
     printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)(stmt_type==OCI_STMT_SELECT?1:0), 
                      (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				 printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				 printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				
          if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
           printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		    	return ;
			} 
	
		// 利用游标提取信息
	int rows_fetched;
  do
	  {
			printf("id=%s,sname=%s,age=%d,sex =%s\n",id,(sb2aIndid[1]==-1?"NULL":sname),age,sex);
			printf("%d\n",sb2aIndid[0]);
			printf("%d\n",sb2aIndid[1]);

	  }
	   while(OCIStmtFetch2(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_NO_DATA);
	
	// 获得记录条数
  OCIAttrGet((CONST void *)ph->phOCIstmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (void *)&rows_fetched, (ub4 *)sizeof(rows_fetched),
              OCI_ATTR_ROW_COUNT, ph->phOCIErr);
  printf("总共记录数 %d\n",rows_fetched);
}

   //删除数据
void Oci_delete(OCIHP* ph,char *sql)
{
		printf("sql =%s\n",sql);
	  char sErrorMsg[1024];
		sb4 sb4ErrorCode;
		ub4 ub4RecordNo = 1;
		 	int nRet = 0;
	
	//准备SQL语句
			nRet=	OCIStmtPrepare(ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (text*)sql,  (ub4) strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT); 
		  if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","准备SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtPrepare() error:%d\n",nRet);
				  if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
			return ;
			}   		
			  printf("%s\n","kaishi执行SQL语句");
     nRet = OCIStmtExecute( ph->phOCISvctx, ph->phOCIstmt, ph->phOCIErr, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *) NULL,(OCISnapshot *) NULL, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT); //执行SQL语句
     if(nRet)
			{
				printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句错误");
				printf("OCIStmtExecute() error:%d\n",nRet);

				//获取错误信息
        if (OCIErrorGet(ph->phOCIErr, ub4RecordNo++, NULL, &sb4ErrorCode, (OraText*) sErrorMsg, 
     	  sizeof(sErrorMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR) == OCI_SUCCESS) 
        printf("error msg:%s\n", sErrorMsg);
		  	return ;
			} 
     printf("%s\n","执行SQL语句 OK");
     Oci_commit( ph);
     return ;
}

简单的makefile:gcc myocitext.c  -o myocitext -I$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/demo -I$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/public -lclntsh

应注意库lclntsh的位置




本人也是新手,下面有不错的资料
http://www.cnblogs.com/ychellboy/archive/2010/04/16/1713884.html
http://kulong0105.blog.163.com/blog/static/174406191201162145944574/

你可能感兴趣的:(C/C++相关学习,数据库相关学习,oracle,oci-数据库)