Matplotlib画图
文章目录
-
- 添加子图
- 设置中文正常显示
- 画图中的各种属性，标题，坐标轴等
- 图例 plt.legend()
-
- 图例位置 参数 loc
- 动态参数 rc
-
- rc参数设置
- 3 设置x轴的刻度标签旋转 ax.set_xticklabels()
- 4 添加文本注解
- 折线图 plot()
- color常用颜色缩写
- 6.1 简单的折线图绘制
- 6.2 带点的折线图
- 散点图
- 8 直方图
- 饼图
- 10 箱线图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax1=fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax1.plot([1.5,2,3.5,-1,1.6])
添加子图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax1=fig.add_subplot(2,3,1)
ax2=fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
ax1.plot([1.5,2,3.5,-1,1.6])
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig,axes = plt.subplots(2,3)
fig
axes
array([[, , ],
[, , ]], dtype=object)
import numpy as np
fig,axes = plt.subplots(2,2, sharex=True, sharey=True)
# sharex=True, sharey=True 表明子图分别拥有相同的X轴和Y 轴
for i in range(2):
for j in range(2):
axes[i,j].hist(np.random.randn(500), bins=50, color='k', alpha=0.5)
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0,hspace=0) # 调整子图布局
np.random.randn(500)
array([ 1.40173830e-01, -1.51707350e+00, 1.39185937e+00, -1.97640383e+00,
-3.39519794e-02, -7.16051300e-01, -1.96734297e+00, 4.41397803e-01,
-3.54249851e-02, -1.23419437e+00, -2.07707373e+00, 1.45725074e+00,
-1.82340411e+00, 1.24400616e+00, 2.23019501e+00, 9.53141573e-01,
1.91924455e-01, -9.83934817e-01, 7.45528318e-01, 3.58465779e-01,
8.58476940e-01, -1.56643312e+00, -4.78568440e-01, 8.43609530e-01,
5.67833515e-01, -4.13951905e-01, 6.92299425e-02, 6.68577581e-03,
9.66596726e-01, 1.18542118e+00, 1.33405347e+00, -3.92810749e-01,
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1.40217758e+00, -1.93750128e-01, 2.84038233e+00, -3.00424900e-01,
1.88014534e-01, -3.56695825e-01, -2.23229769e+00, -6.43761120e-01,
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1.44127852e+00, -2.44671162e-01, 1.78313271e-01, 2.75102897e-02,
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8.52415722e-01, 3.90489830e-02, 9.01047808e-01, 6.83755806e-01,
3.91369193e-01, 1.31077752e+00, 1.21891079e-01, 4.66536926e-01,
-3.50250862e-01, 2.53381508e-01, 1.02039159e+00, 7.82985967e-01,
1.00394917e+00, -2.84213625e-01, -7.38342411e-01, -2.02938881e+00,
-8.46142541e-01, 6.67226228e-01, -7.01643465e-01, -1.34897851e+00,
6.46612918e-01, -5.05918261e-01, 9.26586152e-01, -1.54236685e-01,
1.64474379e+00, 7.40270479e-01, 1.48544058e-02, 2.42920809e-01,
-1.95947981e-01, -6.39190766e-01, -1.89380917e+00, -2.57628192e-01,
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-1.32822823e-01, -2.23917187e-01, -1.84379470e+00, 3.71468121e-01,
-9.53087370e-01, -1.52043979e+00, 1.29639193e+00, -1.69206086e+00,
6.37719505e-01, -5.28327277e-01, -4.33223713e-01, -8.01389653e-02,
1.47721629e-01, -1.26488061e-01, 4.80136836e-01, -1.29702898e+00,
-1.94955933e-01, 8.10646524e-02, 9.35967855e-01, 5.75921826e-01,
-9.82295898e-01, 4.51714285e-01, -8.39439214e-01, 4.29242381e-01,
-2.16920830e+00, -2.68864198e-01, 6.67019711e-01, 1.42447461e+00,
-3.77065041e-01, 1.83294881e+00, 7.23357866e-02, -8.86110822e-01,
9.89552206e-01, 1.57651171e+00, -3.23554852e-01, -6.18937866e-01,
4.89144312e-01, 3.88055668e-02, -1.21078447e-01, -1.39714587e-01,
-4.79526802e-01, 2.05420489e+00, -5.32661900e-01, 1.77948567e+00,
1.12146646e+00, -5.72678536e-01, 1.41646719e+00, -4.82750042e-01,
1.19242772e+00, -1.08907406e+00, -1.92452026e-01, -3.22658227e-01,
9.93559623e-01, -1.00060053e+00, 1.55075787e-01, 5.87648235e-01,
1.42004876e+00, -3.81087976e-01, -6.17061837e-01, -4.78625097e-01,
6.65056775e-01, 2.56750583e-01, -7.05506146e-01, 8.55169453e-01,
-2.71371804e-01, 1.27981455e+00, -5.83262865e-01, 8.72871755e-01,
1.31627980e+00, 7.44079065e-01, 1.39709418e+00, 6.78621377e-01,
9.16608874e-01, -5.11824140e-01, 1.39683883e+00, -1.05923408e+00,
6.19613758e-01, -3.35308359e-01, -4.63985106e-01, -8.43537425e-01,
-5.34153858e-01, -1.11492655e+00, 2.06846022e+00, 1.11077907e+00,
3.55366148e-01, 1.14077862e+00, 4.32859795e-01, -6.47302017e-02,
2.20713962e+00, -6.58588166e-01, -5.21634203e-01, 3.21029121e-01,
-5.92876698e-01, -4.38580717e-02, 2.11007451e-01, -1.50444112e+00,
8.67769904e-01, 9.02262230e-01, 7.60216884e-01, -5.73595684e-01,
1.26579682e+00, -3.02726525e-01, -2.82805398e-01, -1.45951674e+00,
1.35539828e+00, 3.59132010e-01, 3.60376618e-01, 9.63350561e-01,
-6.50351390e-01, 5.49832163e-01, -6.17158600e-01, -6.12879848e-01,
1.38910043e+00, -8.94261697e-01, -4.35654143e-01, -9.84024929e-01,
1.79842346e+00, -4.89121879e-01, -2.46011145e+00, 9.81701177e-02,
-4.33935971e-01, -2.79862436e-01, 6.52278780e-01, -2.72287379e-01,
7.79994859e-01, 9.15203018e-01, -3.43617629e-01, -5.16454805e-01,
9.48946292e-01, -7.92274293e-02, 9.17096772e-01, -7.87327345e-01,
-3.99078367e-01, 1.99140985e-01, -1.11169577e+00, 5.82789806e-01,
-7.75615790e-01, -8.21897546e-01, -9.17825973e-02, 9.93783098e-01,
-1.15840557e+00, 3.01200596e-01, -2.78132053e+00, -9.96414984e-01,
3.74045417e-01, -9.15466797e-01, -1.77845011e-02, 5.80132319e-01,
6.41505345e-01, -2.04006481e-01, -1.19168495e+00, -8.99354716e-01,
-5.70895072e-01, 5.61370392e-01, 7.01906307e-01, -7.52595021e-01,
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5.83482231e-01, -5.37452924e-01, 8.14967666e-01, -5.13946183e-01,
1.72800050e+00, 2.04186017e-01, -1.46971629e-01, 1.91908253e-01,
6.12634170e-01, 2.43602136e-01, 4.12558201e-01, 1.11403056e+00,
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-2.69034502e-01, -1.30358808e+00, -2.22810412e+00, 1.40527886e+00,
9.58755068e-01, 9.43299046e-01, -2.21732440e-01, 1.13783547e-01,
6.95779230e-01, 6.20395878e-01, -2.23809244e-01, 3.93429604e-01,
2.67255758e-01, 1.01038798e+00, -1.82677062e-01, 1.21753062e+00,
-2.18383503e+00, 2.65688472e-01, 5.59807344e-01, 2.09562270e-01,
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-1.54449542e+00, -1.19147736e-01, 8.83266157e-01, -5.05017472e-01,
9.07356273e-01, 1.81582650e+00, -1.83048330e+00, 2.69011332e-01,
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-2.85271061e-01, -4.30500128e-01, -1.02798532e+00, -2.14394495e-01,
-6.00414865e-01, 1.69886258e+00, 1.18870726e+00, 1.89418201e+00,
6.63537416e-01, -6.57356993e-01, 5.84888588e-01, -4.69303164e-02,
-1.51263440e+00, 3.28483996e-01, 3.71085271e-01, -1.98180074e+00,
5.10608466e-01, 9.93623372e-01, 3.63206695e-01, 1.76026189e+00,
4.16945609e-01, 4.60340010e-01, -3.34587242e-01, 7.81247958e-02,
6.29644065e-01, -1.44753168e+00, 1.59994018e+00, 2.49900805e-01,
-7.92160927e-01, -1.58140809e+00, -1.17218129e+00, 4.46667409e-01,
-1.57085977e+00, -3.77197012e-01, 7.37113075e-01, -7.10252211e-01,
4.91564807e-02, 1.43777758e-01, -1.67989794e-01, -1.37372537e+00,
2.74085666e-01, -3.91290631e-01, 1.25766313e-01, -6.19771474e-01,
-1.18444109e+00, -3.60857491e-01, -3.02766486e-01, 2.80886548e-01,
1.06098475e+00, 8.92720199e-01, 1.58706343e-01, 1.33925498e-01,
-6.64677744e-01, 3.82117366e-02, -8.04497402e-01, 6.44809540e-02,
8.19509160e-01, 1.54234085e-01, 1.86756394e-01, 1.05808859e+00,
-3.76722507e-01, -5.82598720e-01, 9.21273057e-01, -1.18029043e+00,
1.39716627e+00, -8.36505273e-01, 1.64259768e+00, -9.75679809e-01,
-4.22414080e-01, -9.83327058e-01, 1.86354375e-01, 1.07548559e-01,
-2.40821179e-01, -2.53233760e-01, -1.01050266e+00, 3.48880683e-02,
1.22715619e+00, 6.42995977e-01, 5.75838008e-01, -8.04923277e-01,
-7.89235738e-01, 2.49159301e+00, 7.19138101e-01, -1.57233569e-01,
2.18507490e-01, 7.60602976e-01, 5.23913632e-01, -1.48990989e-01,
2.69689887e+00, -6.70279370e-01, 9.11341939e-01, 4.84782593e-02,
-1.05395220e+00, -1.03419622e+00, -6.93923086e-01, -1.53008734e+00,
-6.93291981e-01, 1.28846632e+00, 8.68337855e-01, 7.47440407e-01,
-3.71652958e-01, -1.04449747e-01, 1.03724839e+00, -3.10609780e-01])
# 注意：添加图例是在绘制图形之后
设置中文正常显示
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = ['FangSong'] # 正常显示中文
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 正常显示负号
画图中的各种属性，标题，坐标轴等
data = np.arange(0,1,0.01)
plt.title('这是标题')
plt.xlabel('x轴')
plt.ylabel('y轴')
plt.xlim(0,1) # 指定x轴的范围
plt.ylim(0,1) # 指定Y轴的范围
plt.xticks([0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1]) # 设置x轴的刻度
plt.yticks([0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1])
plt.tick_params(labelsize=12)
plt.plot(data, data**2)
plt.plot(data, data**3)
plt.legend(['图例1','图例2'])
plt.show()
data = np.arange(0, np.pi*2,0.01)
fig1 = plt.figure(figsize=(9,7), dpi=90)
ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(1,2,1)
plt.title('这是标题')
plt.xlabel('x轴')
plt.ylabel('y轴')
plt.xlim(0,1) # 指定x轴的范围
plt.ylim(0,1) # 指定Y轴的范围
plt.xticks([0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1]) # 设置x轴的刻度
plt.yticks([0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1])
plt.tick_params(labelsize=12)
plt.plot(data, data**2)
plt.plot(data, data**3)
plt.legend(['图例1','图例2'])
ax2 = fig1.add_subplot(1,2,2)
plt.title('这是标题')
plt.xlabel('x轴')
plt.ylabel('y轴')
plt.xlim(0,1) # 指定x轴的范围
plt.ylim(0,1) # 指定Y轴的范围
plt.xticks([0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1]) # 设置x轴的刻度
plt.yticks([0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1])
plt.tick_params(labelsize=12)
plt.plot(data, data**2)
plt.plot(data, data**3)
plt.legend(['图例1','图例2'],loc=0, frameon = False)
plt.show()
图例 plt.legend()
图例位置 参数 loc
| 数字 | 位置 |
|---|---|
| 0 | best |
| 1 | upper right |
| 2 | upper left |
| 3 | lower left |
| 4 | lower right |
| 5 | right |
| 6 | center left |
| 7 | center right |
| 8 | lower center |
| 9 | upper center |
| 10 | center |
参数fontsize
设置图例文字大小
plt.legend(loc='best', frameon = False)
# 去掉图例边框，推荐使用
plt.legend(loc='best', edgecolor='blue')
# 图例边框颜色
plt.legend(loc='best', facecolor='blue')
# 设置图例背景颜色，如果没有边框，则设置无效
fig1 = plt.figure(figsize=(9,3), dpi=90)
ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(1,2,1)
plt.plot([1,2,3],[1,2,3])
plt.plot([1.2,2.3,3.4],[1,2,3])
plt.legend(['图例1','图例2'],loc='best',frameon = False)
ax2 = fig1.add_subplot(1,2,2)
plt.plot([1,2,3],[1,2,3])
plt.plot([1.2,2.3,3.4],[1,2,3])
plt.legend(['图例1','图例2'],loc='best')
plt.show()
fig1 = plt.figure(figsize=(9,3), dpi=90)
ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(1,2,1)
plt.plot([1,2,3],[1,2,3])
plt.plot([1.2,2.3,3.4],[1,2,3])
plt.legend(['图例1','图例2'],loc='best',edgecolor='blue')
ax2 = fig1.add_subplot(1,2,2)
plt.plot([1,2,3],[1,2,3])
plt.plot([1.2,2.3,3.4],[1,2,3])
plt.legend(['图例1','图例2'],loc='best',facecolor='blue')
plt.show()
动态参数 rc
matplotlib配置了配色方案和默认设置，有两种方式可以设置参数
1.全局参数定制
2.rc的设置方法
# 查看matplotlib的rc参数
import matplotlib
print(matplotlib.rc_params())
_internal.classic_mode: False
agg.path.chunksize: 0
animation.avconv_args: []
animation.avconv_path: avconv
animation.bitrate: -1
animation.codec: h264
animation.convert_args: []
animation.convert_path: convert
animation.embed_limit: 20.0
animation.ffmpeg_args: []
animation.ffmpeg_path: ffmpeg
animation.frame_format: png
animation.html: none
animation.html_args: []
animation.writer: ffmpeg
axes.autolimit_mode: data
axes.axisbelow: line
axes.edgecolor: black
axes.facecolor: white
axes.formatter.limits: [-5, 6]
axes.formatter.min_exponent: 0
axes.formatter.offset_threshold: 4
axes.formatter.use_locale: False
axes.formatter.use_mathtext: False
axes.formatter.useoffset: True
axes.grid: False
axes.grid.axis: both
axes.grid.which: major
axes.labelcolor: black
axes.labelpad: 4.0
axes.labelsize: medium
axes.labelweight: normal
axes.linewidth: 0.8
axes.prop_cycle: cycler('color', ['#1f77b4', '#ff7f0e', '#2ca02c', '#d62728', '#9467bd', '#8c564b', '#e377c2', '#7f7f7f', '#bcbd22', '#17becf'])
axes.spines.bottom: True
axes.spines.left: True
axes.spines.right: True
axes.spines.top: True
axes.titlecolor: auto
axes.titlelocation: center
axes.titlepad: 6.0
axes.titlesize: large
axes.titleweight: normal
axes.titley: None
axes.unicode_minus: True
axes.xmargin: 0.05
axes.ymargin: 0.05
axes3d.grid: True
backend: module://ipykernel.pylab.backend_inline
backend_fallback: True
boxplot.bootstrap: None
boxplot.boxprops.color: black
boxplot.boxprops.linestyle: -
boxplot.boxprops.linewidth: 1.0
boxplot.capprops.color: black
boxplot.capprops.linestyle: -
boxplot.capprops.linewidth: 1.0
boxplot.flierprops.color: black
boxplot.flierprops.linestyle: none
boxplot.flierprops.linewidth: 1.0
boxplot.flierprops.marker: o
boxplot.flierprops.markeredgecolor: black
boxplot.flierprops.markeredgewidth: 1.0
boxplot.flierprops.markerfacecolor: none
boxplot.flierprops.markersize: 6.0
boxplot.meanline: False
boxplot.meanprops.color: C2
boxplot.meanprops.linestyle: --
boxplot.meanprops.linewidth: 1.0
boxplot.meanprops.marker: ^
boxplot.meanprops.markeredgecolor: C2
boxplot.meanprops.markerfacecolor: C2
boxplot.meanprops.markersize: 6.0
boxplot.medianprops.color: C1
boxplot.medianprops.linestyle: -
boxplot.medianprops.linewidth: 1.0
boxplot.notch: False
boxplot.patchartist: False
boxplot.showbox: True
boxplot.showcaps: True
boxplot.showfliers: True
boxplot.showmeans: False
boxplot.vertical: True
boxplot.whiskerprops.color: black
boxplot.whiskerprops.linestyle: -
boxplot.whiskerprops.linewidth: 1.0
boxplot.whiskers: 1.5
contour.corner_mask: True
contour.linewidth: None
contour.negative_linestyle: dashed
datapath: F:\python3.6\an\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\mpl-data
date.autoformatter.day: %Y-%m-%d
date.autoformatter.hour: %m-%d %H
date.autoformatter.microsecond: %M:%S.%f
date.autoformatter.minute: %d %H:%M
date.autoformatter.month: %Y-%m
date.autoformatter.second: %H:%M:%S
date.autoformatter.year: %Y
date.epoch: 1970-01-01T00:00:00
docstring.hardcopy: False
errorbar.capsize: 0.0
figure.autolayout: False
figure.constrained_layout.h_pad: 0.04167
figure.constrained_layout.hspace: 0.02
figure.constrained_layout.use: False
figure.constrained_layout.w_pad: 0.04167
figure.constrained_layout.wspace: 0.02
figure.dpi: 100.0
figure.edgecolor: white
figure.facecolor: white
figure.figsize: [6.4, 4.8]
figure.frameon: True
figure.max_open_warning: 20
figure.raise_window: True
figure.subplot.bottom: 0.11
figure.subplot.hspace: 0.2
figure.subplot.left: 0.125
figure.subplot.right: 0.9
figure.subplot.top: 0.88
figure.subplot.wspace: 0.2
figure.titlesize: large
figure.titleweight: normal
font.cursive: ['Apple Chancery', 'Textile', 'Zapf Chancery', 'Sand', 'Script MT', 'Felipa', 'cursive']
font.family: ['sans-serif']
font.fantasy: ['Comic Neue', 'Comic Sans MS', 'Chicago', 'Charcoal', 'ImpactWestern', 'Humor Sans', 'xkcd', 'fantasy']
font.monospace: ['DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Computer Modern Typewriter', 'Andale Mono', 'Nimbus Mono L', 'Courier New', 'Courier', 'Fixed', 'Terminal', 'monospace']
font.sans-serif: ['DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Computer Modern Sans Serif', 'Lucida Grande', 'Verdana', 'Geneva', 'Lucid', 'Arial', 'Helvetica', 'Avant Garde', 'sans-serif']
font.serif: ['DejaVu Serif', 'Bitstream Vera Serif', 'Computer Modern Roman', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Century Schoolbook L', 'Utopia', 'ITC Bookman', 'Bookman', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Times New Roman', 'Times', 'Palatino', 'Charter', 'serif']
font.size: 10.0
font.stretch: normal
font.style: normal
font.variant: normal
font.weight: normal
grid.alpha: 1.0
grid.color: #b0b0b0
grid.linestyle: -
grid.linewidth: 0.8
hatch.color: black
hatch.linewidth: 1.0
hist.bins: 10
image.aspect: equal
image.cmap: viridis
image.composite_image: True
image.interpolation: antialiased
image.lut: 256
image.origin: upper
image.resample: True
interactive: False
keymap.all_axes: ['a']
keymap.back: ['left', 'c', 'backspace', 'MouseButton.BACK']
keymap.copy: ['ctrl+c', 'cmd+c']
keymap.forward: ['right', 'v', 'MouseButton.FORWARD']
keymap.fullscreen: ['f', 'ctrl+f']
keymap.grid: ['g']
keymap.grid_minor: ['G']
keymap.help: ['f1']
keymap.home: ['h', 'r', 'home']
keymap.pan: ['p']
keymap.quit: ['ctrl+w', 'cmd+w', 'q']
keymap.quit_all: []
keymap.save: ['s', 'ctrl+s']
keymap.xscale: ['k', 'L']
keymap.yscale: ['l']
keymap.zoom: ['o']
legend.borderaxespad: 0.5
legend.borderpad: 0.4
legend.columnspacing: 2.0
legend.edgecolor: 0.8
legend.facecolor: inherit
legend.fancybox: True
legend.fontsize: medium
legend.framealpha: 0.8
legend.frameon: True
legend.handleheight: 0.7
legend.handlelength: 2.0
legend.handletextpad: 0.8
legend.labelspacing: 0.5
legend.loc: best
legend.markerscale: 1.0
legend.numpoints: 1
legend.scatterpoints: 1
legend.shadow: False
legend.title_fontsize: None
lines.antialiased: True
lines.color: C0
lines.dash_capstyle: butt
lines.dash_joinstyle: round
lines.dashdot_pattern: [6.4, 1.6, 1.0, 1.6]
lines.dashed_pattern: [3.7, 1.6]
lines.dotted_pattern: [1.0, 1.65]
lines.linestyle: -
lines.linewidth: 1.5
lines.marker: None
lines.markeredgecolor: auto
lines.markeredgewidth: 1.0
lines.markerfacecolor: auto
lines.markersize: 6.0
lines.scale_dashes: True
lines.solid_capstyle: projecting
lines.solid_joinstyle: round
markers.fillstyle: full
mathtext.bf: sans:bold
mathtext.cal: cursive
mathtext.default: it
mathtext.fallback: cm
mathtext.fallback_to_cm: None
mathtext.fontset: dejavusans
mathtext.it: sans:italic
mathtext.rm: sans
mathtext.sf: sans
mathtext.tt: monospace
mpl_toolkits.legacy_colorbar: True
patch.antialiased: True
patch.edgecolor: black
patch.facecolor: C0
patch.force_edgecolor: False
patch.linewidth: 1.0
path.effects: []
path.simplify: True
path.simplify_threshold: 0.111111111111
path.sketch: None
path.snap: True
pcolor.shading: flat
pdf.compression: 6
pdf.fonttype: 3
pdf.inheritcolor: False
pdf.use14corefonts: False
pgf.preamble:
pgf.rcfonts: True
pgf.texsystem: xelatex
polaraxes.grid: True
ps.distiller.res: 6000
ps.fonttype: 3
ps.papersize: letter
ps.useafm: False
ps.usedistiller: None
savefig.bbox: None
savefig.directory: ~
savefig.dpi: figure
savefig.edgecolor: auto
savefig.facecolor: auto
savefig.format: png
savefig.jpeg_quality: 95
savefig.orientation: portrait
savefig.pad_inches: 0.1
savefig.transparent: False
scatter.edgecolors: face
scatter.marker: o
svg.fonttype: path
svg.hashsalt: None
svg.image_inline: True
text.antialiased: True
text.color: black
text.hinting: force_autohint
text.hinting_factor: 8
text.kerning_factor: 0
text.latex.preamble:
text.latex.preview: False
text.usetex: False
timezone: UTC
tk.window_focus: False
toolbar: toolbar2
webagg.address: 127.0.0.1
webagg.open_in_browser: True
webagg.port: 8988
webagg.port_retries: 50
xaxis.labellocation: center
xtick.alignment: center
xtick.bottom: True
xtick.color: black
xtick.direction: out
xtick.labelbottom: True
xtick.labelsize: medium
xtick.labeltop: False
xtick.major.bottom: True
xtick.major.pad: 3.5
xtick.major.size: 3.5
xtick.major.top: True
xtick.major.width: 0.8
xtick.minor.bottom: True
xtick.minor.pad: 3.4
xtick.minor.size: 2.0
xtick.minor.top: True
xtick.minor.visible: False
xtick.minor.width: 0.6
xtick.top: False
yaxis.labellocation: center
ytick.alignment: center_baseline
ytick.color: black
ytick.direction: out
ytick.labelleft: True
ytick.labelright: False
ytick.labelsize: medium
ytick.left: True
ytick.major.left: True
ytick.major.pad: 3.5
ytick.major.right: True
ytick.major.size: 3.5
ytick.major.width: 0.8
ytick.minor.left: True
ytick.minor.pad: 3.4
ytick.minor.right: True
ytick.minor.size: 2.0
ytick.minor.visible: False
ytick.minor.width: 0.6
ytick.right: False
matplotlib的全局参数可以通过编辑其配置文件设置
import matplotlib
print(matplotlib.matplotlib_fname())
# 显示当前用户的配置文件目录
# 修改其中的 matplotlibrc 文件，即可修改配置参数
F:\python3.6\an\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\mpl-data\matplotlibrc
rc参数设置
fig = plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='r', linestyle='dashed', marker='o', label='one')
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='g', linestyle='dashed', marker='+', label='two')
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='b', linestyle='dashed', marker='v', label='three')
ax.legend(loc='best')
fig = plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='r', linestyle='dashed', marker='o', label='one')
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='g', linestyle='dashed', marker='+', label='two')
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='b', linestyle='dashed', marker='v', label='three')
ax.set_xticks([0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35]) # 设置刻度值
ax.legend(loc='best')
3 设置x轴的刻度标签旋转 ax.set_xticklabels()
fig = plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='r', linestyle='dashed', marker='o', label='one')
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='g', linestyle='dashed', marker='+', label='two')
ax.plot(np.random.randn(30).cumsum(), color='b', linestyle='dashed', marker='v', label='three')
ax.set_xticklabels(['aaaa','bbbb','cccc','ddddd','wwwww','eeeee'], rotation=30, fontsize='large')
ax.legend(loc='best')
ax.set_xticklabels([‘aaaa’,‘bbbb’,‘cccc’,‘ddddd’,‘wwwww’,‘eeeee’], rotation=30, fontsize=‘large’)
rotation=30 表示旋转角度
fontsize=‘large’ 设置字号
4 添加文本注解
data = [25,30,32,34,34,23]
label = ['西宁','兰州','北京','上海','广州','拉萨']
plt.xticks(range(len(data)),label)
plt.xlabel('城市')
plt.ylabel('温度')
plt.title('六城市8月份日均最高气温')
plt.bar(range(len(data)),data)
for x,y in zip(range(len(data)),data):
plt.text(x,y,y,ha='center',va='bottom')
plt.show()
折线图 plot()
color常用颜色缩写
6.1 简单的折线图绘制
x1 = np.arange(0,30)
plt.plot(x1,x1*2, 'b') # b是蓝色
plt.show()
6.2 带点的折线图
x1 = np.arange(0,30)
plt.plot(x1,x1*2, 'o') # b是蓝色
plt.show()
x1 = np.arange(0,30)
plt.plot(x1,x1*2, 'ro')
plt.show()
x1 = np.arange(0,30)
plt.plot(x1,x1*2, 'bo') # b是蓝色
plt.show()
散点图
matplotlib.pyplot.scatter(x,y, s=None, c=None, marker=None, alpha=None)
scatter的主要参数及其说明
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
x1 = np.arange(1,30)
y1 = np.sin(x1)
ax1 = plt.subplot(1,1,1)
plt.title('散点图')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
ax1.scatter(x1,y1,c='r',s=100,linewidths=x1,marker='o')
# 注意marker要为o，0，d等这些封闭图形时 linewidths才有效果
plt.legend('x1')
plt.show()
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
for color in ['red','green','blue']:
n=500
x,y=np.random.randn(2,n)
ax.scatter(x,y,c=color,label=color,alpha=0.3,edgecolors='none')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
8 直方图
matplotlib.pyplot.bar(left, height, width=0.8, bottom=None,hold=None, data=None)
import pandas as pd
fig,axes = plt.subplots(2,1)
data = pd.Series(np.random.randn(16), index=list('asdfghjklqwertyu'))
data.plot.bar(ax=axes[0], color='k', alpha=0.7)
data.plot.barh(ax=axes[1], color='k', alpha=0.7)
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
x=np.arange(1,6)
Y1 = np.random.uniform(1.5,1.0,5)
Y2 = np.random.uniform(1.5,1.0,5)
plt.bar(x,Y1,width=0.35,facecolor='lightskyblue',edgecolor='white')
plt.bar(x+0.35,Y2,width=0.35,facecolor='yellowgreen',edgecolor='white')
# 柱形图填充的颜色 facecolor
# 图形边缘颜色 edgecolor
plt.show()
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
x=np.arange(1,6)
Y1 = np.random.uniform(1.5,1.0,5)
Y2 = np.random.uniform(1.5,1.0,5)
plt.bar(x,Y1,width=0.35,facecolor='lightskyblue')
plt.bar(x+0.35,Y2,width=0.35,facecolor='yellowgreen')
plt.show()
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
x=np.arange(1,6)
Y1 = np.random.uniform(1.5,1.0,5)
Y2 = np.random.uniform(1.5,1.0,5)
plt.bar(x,Y1,width=0.35,facecolor='g')
plt.bar(x+0.35,Y2,width=0.35,facecolor='b')
plt.show()
饼图
plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))
ax= plt.axes([0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8])
labels = ['sparings','summer','autumn','winter']
x=[15,30,45,10]
expode = (0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05)
# 控制饼图分离距离，默认不分离
plt.pie(x,labels=labels, explode=expode, startangle=60, autopct='% 1.1f% %')
# autopct在图中显示比例值，注意值的格式
plt.title('标题')
plt.tick_params(labelsize=12)
plt.show()
10 箱线图
np.random.seed(2)
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(5,4),columns=['A','B','C','D'])
df.boxplot()
plt.show()
