Essay写作论证基本的五要素讲解

　　对于出国留学而言的学生来说，Essay写作是非常重要的。每个学期导师都会布置下Essay课业，如果你的写作能力不够的话，是很难写出让导师满意的Essay来，Essay的写作更是如此。因为Essay的写作难度本身就比普通Essay难度大得多，所以希望大家重视起来。为了让留学生们更加清晰自己的Essay，并能顺利完成论证和呈现，小编特别总结了Essay中论证完成的5要素的介绍。

 

　　Essay writing is very important for students studying abroad.The tutor will assign Essay lessons every semester.If your writing ability is not enough,it is difficult to write Essay that satisfies the tutor,especially Essay's writing.Because Essay's writing is much more difficult than ordinary Essay,I hope you can pay attention to it.In order to make foreign students more clear about their Essay and successfully complete the demonstration and presentation,the editor specially summarized the introduction of the five elements of the demonstration in Essay.

　　一、中心部分的论证处理技巧。

　　1、The demonstration processing skills of the central part.

　　学生在自己的Essay中，提出一个观点，需要以理由支持这个观点，而这个理由是基于证据、承认与对其他观点的回应，有时还要解释你推理的原理（principle）.这里面并没有什么奥秘，因为每当你要仔细探索悬而未定的议题时，你都会应用这些要素。

　　Students put forward an opinion in their own Essay,which needs to be supported by reasons.This reason is based on evidence,recognition and response to other views,and sometimes explains the principle of your reasoning There is no mystery here,because you will apply these elements whenever you want to carefully explore the pending issues.

　　二、观点要有足够的理由基础。

　　2、The opinion should have sufficient grounds.

　　你的观点是Essay的核心，也是Essay研究问题的答案，支持观点有两种类型，第一种类型是至少有一项理由支持，用一、两句话解释为什么你的导师应该接受你的观点。我们通常会用因为来连接观点与理由。比如：俄罗斯农民的解放是一张空头支票（观点），因为这并未改善他们日常的物质生活（理由）。

　　Your opinion is the core of Essay and the answer to Essay's research questions.There are two types of supporting opinions.The first type is that there is at least one reason to support it.Explain why your tutor should accept your opinion in one or two sentences.We usually use the cause to connect ideas and reasons.For example,the liberation of Russian farmers is a blank check(view),because it does not improve their daily material life(reason).

　　三、理由要有足够的证据基础。

　　3、The reason should have sufficient evidence basis.

　　学生们在平常的交谈中，常用理由去支持观点。如：我们应该走了（观点为），因为似乎要下雨了（理由）。这当中我们不会去问要下雨的证据是什么，除非是气象学家。但当你用文字提出严肃的议题时，你不可能期待导师会轻易接受你所有的理由。细心的老师会像那个气象学家一样，要学生提出那些支持你理由的证据、参考资料、或事实。

　　In ordinary conversation,students often use reasons to support their opinions.For example,we should go(view is),because it seems to rain(reason).We will not ask what the evidence of rain is,unless we are meteorologists.But when you put forward serious issues in words,you can't expect the tutor to easily accept all your reasons.A careful teacher,like the meteorologist,will ask the students to provide evidence,references,or facts that support your reasons.

　　四、学会回应其他人的看法。

　　4、Learn to respond to others'opinions.

　　一个负责任的学生会以证据基础的理由来支持观点。但是那些细心的导师不会光凭你提出的理由及证据就接受你的观点，除非他们想的跟你Essay写作的论据完全一样（但这是不可能的，因为你正提出一个自己的论证呢！）他们会想到一些你没有的证据，对你的证据有不同的解读，或是从相同的证据中引出不同的结论。所以你必须尽可能预估到导师提出的问题，然后承认与回应其中最重要的问题。

　　A responsible student will support the opinion with evidence based reasons.However,those careful tutors will not accept your views based on the reasons and evidence you put forward,unless they think exactly the same as you(but this is impossible because you are putting forward your own argument!)They will think of some evidence that you do not have,have different interpretations of your evidence,or draw different conclusions from the same evidence.So you must try your best to anticipate the questions raised by the tutor,and then admit and respond to the most important questions.

　　五、把理由与观点的联系呈现出来。

　　5、Show the connection between reasons and opinions.

　　即使导师同意有充分的证据支持你所提出的理由，他们可能仍不认为这样就该接受你的观点。他们会问：虽然你的理由是真实的，但为什么与你的观点有关？为了回答这个问题，你必须提出一般性的原则，以显示为什么你相信这个特定的理由与这个特定的观点有关联。

　　Even if the mentor agrees that there is sufficient evidence to support your reasons,they may still not think it is appropriate to accept your point of view.They will ask:Although your reason is true,why is it related to your point of view?In order to answer this question,you must propose general principles to show why you believe that this particular reason is related to this particular point of view.

　　六、导师可以不了解议题解说。

　　6、The instructor may not understand the topic explanation.

　　以上5个要素构成“基本的”论证。但许多学生也会加入另一个要素，即对导师可以不了解议题的解说（explanations）.如：你要提出一个关于通货膨胀与货币供给之间关联性的论证给那些对经济学不熟悉的老师时，你必须解释经济学家如何以不同的方式去定义“货币”。简言之，在留学生完成Essay论证的时候把这基本5要素运用上去一定可以顺利完成一份很不错的答卷。

　　The above five elements constitute a"basic"argument.However,many students will also add another element,that is,explanations of topics that the tutor may not understand For example,when you want to present an argument about the correlation between inflation and money supply to teachers unfamiliar with economics,you must explain how economists define"money"in different ways.In short,when international students complete the Essay demonstration,they can use these five basic elements to successfully complete a very good answer.

　　以上这些要素是写Essay的时候非常重要的几点哦，希望大家能重视一下。想要写好Essay，还需要大家在平常的学习生活中有意识的去积累专业知识，动笔前的准备工作也一定要准备妥当哦。

　　The above elements are very important when writing Essay.I hope you can pay attention to them.If you want to write Essay well,you need to consciously accumulate professional knowledge in your daily study life,and you must be prepared before writing.