英文Assignment写作引用格式怎么分析？
英文Assignment写作中我们常常使用不同作家和研究员的观点，论证来支持自己的想法。引用他们原文的时候我们必须使用具体引用格式。不同学校对引用格式都有不同的要求。事实上，有很多不同的引用格式，大约有超过200种引用格式。例如我们耳熟能详的几种：APA,MLA,Harvard和Chicago。但是之前小编把这几种常见的引用格式介绍过了，所以这篇文章我们主要介绍几种大家没怎么见过的，小众的引用格式：AMA,ACS,Vancouver,AAA下面我们一一举例来解释一下。
In English assignment writing,we often use the views of different writers and researchers to support our ideas.When quoting their original text,we must use the specific quotation format.Different schools have different requirements for reference format.In fact,there are many different reference formats,about more than 200.For example,we are familiar with APA,MLA,Harvard and Chicago.However,the editor has introduced these common reference formats before,so in this article,we mainly introduce a few rarely seen,minority reference formats:AMA,ACS,Vancouver,AAA.Let's give an example to explain.
英文Assignment写作中引用格式的差异主要体现在所引用的信息的位置、顺序和语法上。引用格式的数量和多样性反映了不同的优先级，包括简洁性、易读性、日期、作者、出版商，还有格式。对于大多数引用格式，有两个主要的分类:文档注释格式（documentary-note style）和插入式格式（parenthetical style）。文档注释格式是记录源文件的标准形式。它包括使用脚注或尾注，因而读者就可以很容易地获得关于你的文献资料来源的信息，但不会影响他们对你的作品的阅读。举例如下：
The differences of citation format in English Assignment writing are mainly reflected in the position,order and grammar of the information cited.The number and variety of reference formats reflect different priorities,including brevity,readability,date,author,publisher,and format.For most reference formats,there are two main classifications:document note style and parenthetical style.The document note format is the standard form for recording source files.It includes the use of footnotes or endnotes,so that readers can easily obtain information about your sources of literature without affecting their reading of your work.Examples are as follows:
Professor Scott asserts that“environmental reform in Alaska in the 1970s accelerated rapidly as a pipeline expansion.”:(Scott 1999,23)
这种通常被认为是引用的一种缩写格式，它不需要脚注或尾注，但是它需要在Assignment写作末尾有一个相当于“Works Cited”的附页。这种引用格式更容易书写，但可能会影响到你的文章被读起来的流畅度。
This is usually regarded as an abbreviation format for reference.It does not require footnotes or endnotes,but it requires an additional page at the end of the Assignment equivalent to"Works Cited".This quotation format is easier to write,but may affect the fluency of your article.
1.引用格式之AMA
1.AMA of reference format
AMA的全称是American Medical Association，也即是：美国医学会。该学会虽然作为美国的最大的医学组织机构，但是对于医学专家和出版者来说，AMA才是他们更加关注的东西。AMA引用格式作为引文格式之一，它主要应用在医学及生物领域。通常，AMA引用格式在文中是以数字的形式出现的。一般来说，如果你要使用AMA引用格式的话，你需要要把资料来源根据在文中出现的顺序编号。并且杂志和期刊的名称要么斜体要么下划线的形式。并且需要把作者的姓名的首字母大写。如果存在六位以上的作者，就只需要保留前六位即可，其他的都要省略。此外，还需要把杂志的名称缩写之后，加上其页码以及卷号，而对于书籍类，则要说明其版本为何。具体举例如下：
The full name of AMA is American Medical Association,that is,American Medical Association.Although the Society is the largest medical organization in the United States,for medical experts and publishers,AMA is what they pay more attention to.As one of citation formats,AMA citation format is mainly used in medical and biological fields.Generally,the AMA reference format is in the form of numbers in the text.Generally speaking,if you want to use the AMA citation format,you need to number the data sources according to the order they appear in the text.And the names of magazines and periodicals are either italicized or underlined.And you need to capitalize the author's name.If there are more than six authors,only the first six need to be retained,and the rest should be omitted.In addition,you need to abbreviate the name of the magazine,add its page number and volume number,and for books,explain the version.Specific examples are as follows:
Okuda M,Okuda D.Star Trek Chronology:The History of the Future.New York:Pocket Books;1993.
Wilcox RV.Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star trek:the next generation.Stud Pop Culture.1991;13:53-65.
Di Rado A.Trekking through college:classes explore modern society using the world of Star trek.Los Angeles Times.March 15,1995:A3.
2.引用格式之ACS
2.ACS of reference format
ACS是一种编写与化学有关的文件的引用格式标准，包括由美国化学学会American Chemical Society(ACS)引导的学术出版物引用的格式方法。ACS Style Guide的印刷版本分别为《ACS格式指南:科学信息的有效沟通》(2006年第3版)和《ACS格式指南:作者和编辑的手册》(1997年版)。通常，期刊的标题要缩写，对于发表在杂志上的文章，作者名字的顺序是：姓，首字母。具体举例如下：
ACS is a reference format standard for preparing documents related to chemistry,including the reference format method for academic publications guided by American Chemical Society(ACS).The printed versions of ACS Style Guide are ACS Format Guide:Effective Communication of Scientific Information(Version 3,2006)and ACS Format Guide:A Manual for Authors and Editors(Version 1997).Usually,the title of a journal should be abbreviated.For articles published in a journal,the order of the author's name is:last name,initial.Specific examples are as follows:
J.Am.Chem.Soc.–Journal of the American Chemical Society
Org.Lett.–Organic Letters
Phys.Rev.Lett.–Physical Review Letters
Deno,N.C.;Richey,H.G.;Liu,J.S.;Lincoln,D.N.;Turner,J.O."Carbonium Ions.XIX.The Intense Conjugation in Cyclopropyl Carbonium Ions".J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1965,87(20),4533-4538.
3.引用格式之VANCOUVER
3.Reference format VANCOUVER
Vancouver style也即是温哥华引用格式。对于Vancouver style来说，也常常被称为序号系统，因为使用这种格式时，需要在被引用的段落后加上数字这种序号方便用来检索参考文献。温哥华引用格式在物理学中比较常见，与Harvard哈佛引用格式都是医学领域最为常用的引用格式之一。对于温哥华引用格式来说，有其狭义和广义的定义，一般认为符合ICMJE格式的都是Vancouver style.并且对于不同的引文类型会有不同的格式要求。作者的姓需要放在名字的后面，只需要留下首位的大写字母即可。而对于期刊来说，他的名称需要缩写，在其名称后面用句号结尾，用来表示和下一条分开来。引用格式举例：
Vancouver style is also Vancouver reference format.For Vancouver style,it is also often referred to as the serial number system,because when using this format,you need to add numbers after the referenced paragraphs.This serial number is convenient for retrieving references.Vancouver citation format is common in physics,and Harvard citation format is one of the most commonly used citation formats in the medical field.Vancouver reference format has its narrow and broad definition.It is generally believed that those conforming to ICMJE format are Vancouver style And there will be different format requirements for different citation types.The author's surname needs to be placed after the first name,leaving only the first capital letter.For a periodical,its name needs to be abbreviated.It ends with a full stop after its name to indicate that it is separated from the next item.Example of reference format:
Rang HP,Dale MM,Ritter JM,Moore PK.Pharmacology.5th ed.Edinburgh:Churchill Livingstone;2003.
Beers MH,Porter RS,Jones TV,Kaplan JL,Berkwits M,editors.The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy.18th ed.Whitehouse Station(NJ):Merck Research Laboratories;2006.
4.引用格式之AAA
4.AAA of reference format
AAA引用格式即美国人类学协会制定的格式（American Anthropology Association），它融合了The Chicago Manual of Style(第15版，2003年)和Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary(第11版，2006年)。囊括了AAA格式的基本规则。而有些地方，跟随芝加哥Chicago style。拼写方面，如果有选择的话，按照Webster的第一个拼写，使用美式拼写而不是英式拼写。注意这些地方：不要在尾注中插入引用列表。要包含文本中引用的所有来源，不要包含其他来源，还要按作者的字母顺序列出。当包含同一作者的多部作品时，要按时间顺序列+出，从最老的日期到最近的日期。对于同一作者在同一年发表的作品，记得添加a、b等，并按书名的字母顺序排列。具体举例如下：
The AAA citation format is the format developed by the American Anthropology Association,which combines the Chicago Manual of Style(15th edition,2003)and the Merriam Webster's College Dictionary(11th edition,2006).It covers the basic rules of AAA format.Some places follow Chicago style.In terms of spelling,if you have a choice,use American spelling instead of British spelling according to the first spelling of Webster.Note these:Do not insert a reference list in the endnote.Include all sources referenced in the text,not other sources,and list them alphabetically by author.When multiple works of the same author are included,they should be listed in chronological order,from the oldest date to the latest date.For the works published by the same author in the same year,remember to add a,b,etc.,and arrange them in alphabetical order.Specific examples are as follows:
Bender,Courtney,and Pamela E.Klassen.2010.After Pluralism:Reimagining Religious Engagement.New York:Columbia University Press.
Stoler,Ann,ed.2013.Imperial Debris:On Ruins and Ruination.Durham,NC:Duke University Press.
Bialecki,Jon.2016.“Apostolic Networks in the Third Wave of the Spirit:John Wimber and the Vineyard.”Pneuma 38(1-2):23–32.