SpringBoot发送异步邮件

1、基本简介

  • Servlet阶段邮件发送非常的复杂,如果现代化的Java开发是那个样子该有多糟糕;现在SpringBoot中集成好了邮件发送的东西,而且操作十分简单容易上手。

  • 发送邮件最主要的一步是需要去对应的邮箱开启POP3/SMTP 或者 IMAP/SMTP,并且拿到授权码!

  • 导入依赖包spring-boot-starter-mail。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

2、邮件发送流程

  • 首先导入mail的依赖包之后,根据SpringBoot的自动装配原理。几乎所有的Bean对象都给装配好了,直接拿来可以使用。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass({ MimeMessage.class, MimeType.class, MailSender.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(MailSender.class)
@Conditional(MailSenderCondition.class)	
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MailProperties.class)			//配置文件绑定
@Import({ MailSenderJndiConfiguration.class, MailSenderPropertiesConfiguration.class })
public class MailSenderAutoConfiguration {

	static class MailSenderCondition extends AnyNestedCondition {

		MailSenderCondition() {
			super(ConfigurationPhase.PARSE_CONFIGURATION);
		}
		// 配置文件前缀名称
		@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mail", name = "host")
		static class HostProperty {

		}

		@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mail", name = "jndi-name")
		static class JndiNameProperty {

		}
	}
}
  • 简单分析一手可以看到只需要配置一下application文件即可,前缀以spring.mail开头;
spring:
  mail:
    username: [email protected]
    password: 授权码
    host: smtp.163.com				# 不同邮箱对应的服务器不一样
    default-encoding: UTF-8
    
#    username: [email protected]
#    password: 授权码
#    host: smtp.qq.com

3、配置线程池

  • 这个步骤不是必须的,但是使用异步的邮件建议还是配置一下。
@Configuration
@EnableAsync//开启异步
public class ThreadPoolConfig {

    @Bean("threadPool")
    public TaskExecutor taskExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        // 设置核心线程数
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
        // 设置最大线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
        // 设置队列容量
        executor.setQueueCapacity(100);
        // 设置线程活跃时间(秒)
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
        // 设置默认线程名称
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("Thread-");
        // 设置拒绝策略
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        // 等待所有任务结束后再关闭线程池
        executor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);
        return executor;
    }
}

4、编写邮件工具类

  • 邮件在SpringBoot中被封装成简单纯文本邮件、多媒体邮件两种形式。

  • 针对上述两种形式的邮件可以进行编写一个工具类便于操作使用。

public class EmailUtil {

    private static final String content = "这是邮件的主内容";
	
	// 纯文本邮件
    public static SimpleMailMessage simple(String from, String to){
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(from);
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject("欢迎xxx");
        message.setText(content);
        return message;
    }

	// 多媒体邮件
    public static MimeMessage mimeMessage(MimeMessage message,String from, String to) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message,true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject("复杂邮件主题");
        helper.setText("

这是浅蓝色的文字

"
, true); helper.addAttachment("1.docx", new File("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\说明书.docx")); helper.addAttachment("1.pdf", new File("C:\\Users\\Splay\\Desktop\\参考.pdf")); return message; } }

5、邮件发送

  • 邮件发送是需要时间的,因此为了不让用户等待的时间过长建议这里使用异步的形式发送。避免阻塞
@Service
public class SendEmailService {

	// SpringBoot自动装配的邮件发送实现类
    @Autowired
    JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;

    @Async("threadPool")
    public void sendSimpleMail(String from, String to) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = EmailUtil.simple(from, to);
        mailSender.send(message);                   //简单纯文本邮件发送
    }

    @Async("threadPool")
    public void sendMultiPartMail(String from, String to) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = EmailUtil.mimeMessage(message,from, to);
        mailSender.send(mimeMessage);               //复杂邮件发送
    }

}

6、编写controller

编写几个controller进行测试

@Controller
public class RouterController {

    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;


    @Autowired
    SendEmailService mail;

    @RequestMapping("/simple")
    @ResponseBody
    public String simpleMail(@RequestParam(required = true,name = "mail",defaultValue = "[email protected]") String to) {
        mail.sendSimpleMail(from, to);
        return "Send SimpleEmail Successful!";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/complex")
    @ResponseBody
    public String complexMail(@RequestParam(required = true,name = "mail",defaultValue = "[email protected]") String to) throws MessagingException {
        mail.sendMultiPartMail(from, to);
        return "Send SimpleEmail Successful!";
    }
}

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