最近做DES算法实验,在网上搜到了一个不错的版本,奈何没有注释,理解起来比较困难。在读懂代码之后,添加上了自己的注释便于理解,并在原文仅供字符串加解密的基础上,新加入对于文件的加解密,供各位取用。
原文链接
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42487583/article/details/106109942#comments_12244138
程序说明
1、输入的明文长度大于0即可,明文可以带空格与特殊字符;
2、输入的明文支持汉字;
3、输出密文默认为二进制字符串;
4、输入密文要求为二进制字符串且长度为64的倍数,否则解密会出错。
5、支持对文件内容的加解密
程序代码:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#define MAX 100
using namespace std;
//程序说明:
//
//1、输入的明文长度大于0即可,明文可以带空格;
//
//2、输入的明文支持汉字;
//
//3、输出密文默认为二进制字符串;
//
//4、输入密文要求为二进制字符串且长度为64的倍数,否则解密会出错。
//5、支持对文件内容的加解密
//模式标记,确定是加密还是解密
int flag;
string k[16];
//PC-1选位表
int pc1Table[56] = {
57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1,
58,50,42,34,26,18,10,2,
59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,
60,52,44,36,63,55,47,39,
31,23,15,7,62,54,46,38,
30,22,14,6,61,53,45,37,
29,21,13,5,28,20,12,4
};
//PC-2选位表
int pc2Table[48] =
{
14,17,11,24,1,5,
3,28,15,6,21,10,
23,19,12,4,26,8,
16,7,27,20,13,2,
41,52,31,37,47,55,
30,40,51,45,33,48,
44,49,39,56,34,53,
46,42,50,36,29,32
};
//左移位数表
int loopTable[16] =
{
1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1
};
//IP表(初始置换表)
int ipTable[64] =
{
58,50,42,34,26,18,10,2,
60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4,
62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6,
64,56,48,40,32,24,16,8,
57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1,
59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,
61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5,
63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7
};
//逆置换IP^-1表(解密时IP初始置换的逆)
int ipReverseTable[64] = {
40,8,48,16,56,24,64,32,
39,7,47,15,55,23,63,31,
38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30,
37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29,
36,4,44,12,52,20,60,28,
35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27,
34,2,42,10,50,18,58,26,
33,1,41,9,49,17,57,25
};
//扩展置换表(E盒)
int extendTable[48] =
{
32,1,2,3,4,5,
4,5,6,7,8,9,
8,9,10,11,12,13,
12,13,14,15,16,17,
16,17,18,19,20,21,
20,21,22,23,24,25,
24,25,26,27,28,29,
28,29,30,31,32,1
};
//八个S盒,三维数组存储
int sBox[8][4][16] =
{
//S1
14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7,
0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8,
4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0,
15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13,
//S2
15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10,
3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5,
0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15,
13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9,
//S3
10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8,
13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1,
13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7,
1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12,
//S4
7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15,
13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9,
10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4,
3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14,
//S5
2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9,
14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6,
4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14,
11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3,
//S6
12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11,
10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8,
9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6,
4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13,
//S7
4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1,
13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6,
1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2,
6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12,
//S8
13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7,
1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2,
7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8,
2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11
};
//置换表(P盒)
int pTable[32] =
{
16,7,20,21,
29,12,28,17,
1,15,23,26,
5,18,31,10,
2,8,24,14,
32,27,3,9,
19,13,30,6,
22,11,4,25
};
//字符转二进制,会有些怪异,但是后面用binaryToInt函数解决
string charToBinary(char c)
{
int i, b = c, k = 0, flag = 0;
string result;
//负数就是中文字符
if (b < 0)
{
b = -b;
flag = 1;
}
//英文字符转换成ASCII的倒序!!!所以最后需要逆序
while (k < 8)
{
if (b)
{
//转换成字符型的 ‘1’或‘0’
result += ((b % 2) + '0');
b /= 2;
}
else result += '0';
k++;
}
//汉字字符处理,汉字用两个char类型处理,用来表示汉字的任何其中一个char都是负数,要从int型数据,将其恢复成原本的存储形式(补码)
if (flag)
{
for (i = 0; i < result.length(); i++)
{
//'0'->'1','1'->'0'
if (result[i] == '0') result[i] = '1';
else result[i] = '0';
}
for (i = 0; result[i] != '0'; i++)
{
result[i] = '0';
}
result[i] = '1';
}
reverse(result.begin(), result.end()); //中文字符最后变成了补码,英文字符正常的ASCII码
return result;
}
//二进制转整型
int binaryToInt(string s)
{
int i, result = 0, p = 1;
for (i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
result += ((s[i] - '0') * p);
p *= 2;
}
return result;
}
//整型转二进制,用来将进入S盒后取出的数据转化为二进制,最多用4bit(while循环中4的出处)
string intToBinary(int i)
{
int k = 0;
string result;
while (k < 4)
{
if (i)
{
result += ((i % 2) + '0');
i /= 2;
}
else result += '0';
k++;
}
reverse(result.begin(), result.end());
return result;
}
//异或运算
string xorAB(string a, string b)
{
int i;
string result;
//按位异或运算
for (i = 0; i < a.length(); i++)
{
result += (((a[i] - '0') ^ (b[i] - '0')) + '0');
}
return result;
}
//f函数
string f(string right, string k) //right明文当前加密轮右侧比特流,k当前加密轮密钥
{
int i, temp;
string extendBinary, b0;
string b[8], row, col;
string b8, pb;
//extendBinary用来存放右侧32明文经过E盒扩展后的内容
for (i = 0; i < 48; i++)
{
extendBinary += right[extendTable[i] - 1];//E盒从一开始,所以要减一
}
//扩展后的内容与此轮密钥异或操作并将结果存入b0中
b0 = xorAB(extendBinary, k);
//将b0的内容分成八份,每份六bit,为进入S盒做准备
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
b[i] = b0.substr(i * 6, 6);
}
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{ //6bit的第一位和第六位作为行坐标
row = b[i].substr(0, 1) + b[i].substr(5, 1);
//6bit的第二至五位作为纵坐标
col = b[i].substr(1, 4);
//转化为整形坐标后,第几份对应去找第几个S盒替换
temp = sBox[i][binaryToInt(row)][binaryToInt(col)];
//转到b8中合并
b[i] = intToBinary(temp);
b8 += b[i];
}
//进入置换盒(P盒)
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
{
pb += b8[pTable[i] - 1];
}
//一轮加密结束,返回结果
return pb;
}
//明文/密文处理,以明文处理过程为例进行解释
string wen(string wenBinary[], int num)
{
int i, j;
string ipWenBinary[100];
string left[17], right[17], temp, result;
//将明文初始置换,num表示分块数目
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
temp = "";
for (j = 0; j < 64; j++)
{
temp += wenBinary[i][ipTable[j] - 1];
}
ipWenBinary[i] = temp;
}
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{ //将初始置换后的每块明文拆成左右两部分
left[0] = ipWenBinary[i].substr(0, 32);
right[0] = ipWenBinary[i].substr(32, 32);
//十六轮加密
for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
{
//左侧下一个等于当前右侧
left[j + 1] = right[j];
//加密和解密的区别,flag是那个全局变量
//右侧下一个为:当前左侧与当前右侧走完一轮加密后的结果进行异或的结果
if (flag == 1 || flag == 3) right[j + 1] = xorAB(left[j], f(right[j], k[j]));
//倒着解密
else right[j + 1] = xorAB(left[j], f(right[j], k[15 - j]));
}
//加密后的左右和在一起
temp = right[j] + left[j];
//将加密后的密文进行最后的置换,实际上和初始置换是对称的~!
//每块的加密结果都和在result中,加密可以直接输出比特流
for (j = 0; j < 64; j++)
{
result += temp[ipReverseTable[j] - 1];
}
}
//解密结果输出的是字符
if (flag == 2 || flag == 4)
{
string ch;
for (i = 0; i < num * 8; i++)
{
//超过char类型的表示范围就是中文字符的一部分,强转为char类型
ch += binaryToInt(result.substr(8 * i, 8));
}
result = ch;
}
return result;
}
//密钥处理
void miyao()
{
int i, j;
string miyao, miyaoBinary, pc1MiyaoBinary;
string c[17], d[17], temp, pc2Temp;
cout << "请输入密钥:";
while (cin >> miyao)
{
if (miyao.length() < 9) break;
else cout << "密钥不能超过8位,请重新输入:";
}
for (i = 0; i < miyao.length(); i++)
{
miyaoBinary += charToBinary(miyao[i]);
}
//密钥长度不足64bit,补‘0’
while (miyaoBinary.length() % 64 != 0)
{
miyaoBinary += '0';
}
//从64bit密钥中依据PC-1盒子取出56bit
for (i = 0; i < 56; i++)
{
pc1MiyaoBinary += miyaoBinary[pc1Table[i] - 1];
}
//56bit分成左右两部分
c[0] = pc1MiyaoBinary.substr(0, 28);
d[0] = pc1MiyaoBinary.substr(28, 28);
//产生16轮加密需要的密钥,存入全局变量k[]中
for (i = 1; i <= 16; i++)
{ //根据循环移位表,确定生成该轮密钥移位数目
c[i] = c[i - 1].substr(loopTable[i - 1], 28 - loopTable[i - 1]) + c[i - 1].substr(0, loopTable[i - 1]);
d[i] = d[i - 1].substr(loopTable[i - 1], 28 - loopTable[i - 1]) + d[i - 1].substr(0, loopTable[i - 1]);
temp = c[i] + d[i];
pc2Temp = "";
//依据PC-2盒子进行操作
for (j = 0; j < 48; j++)
{
pc2Temp += temp[pc2Table[j] - 1];
}
//生成该轮密钥
k[i - 1] = pc2Temp;
}
}
int main() {
int i, num;
string wenString, wenBinary[100], temp;
while (1)
{
cout << "请选择模式:\n1、加密明文\n2、解密密文\n3、加密文件\n4、解密文件\n0、退出程序\n填写数字序号:";
cin >> flag;
if (!flag) break;
else if ((flag != 1) && (flag != 2) && (flag != 3) && (flag != 4))
{
cout << "输入不合法,请重新输入!" << endl << endl;
continue;
}
num = 0;
miyao();
getchar();//cin和getline的相爱相杀,详情请见文章末尾链接
switch (flag)
{
case 1:
cout << "请输入明文:";
//读取一行数据
getline(cin, wenString);
for (i = 0; i < wenString.length(); i++)
{
temp += charToBinary(wenString[i]);
//字符每满8bit为一组,最后一组可以不满8bit,后面会补0
if (((i + 1) % 8 == 0) || (((i + 1) % 8 != 0) && (i == wenString.length() - 1)))
{
wenBinary[num++] = temp;
temp = "";
}
}
//最后一组不满64位就补零,补的零,一定是八的整数倍,二进制00000000为null空字符,不输出
while (wenBinary[num - 1].length() % 64 != 0)
{
wenBinary[num - 1] += '0';
}
cout << "加密结果为(二进制):" << wen(wenBinary, num) << endl << endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "请输入密文(二进制):";
cin >> wenString;
for (i = 0; i * 64 < wenString.length(); i++)
{
wenBinary[num++] = wenString.substr(i * 64, 64);
}
cout << "解密结果为(字符):" << wen(wenBinary, num) << endl << endl;
break;
case 3:
wenString = "";
char fname_P[MAX]; //存储需要加密文件的名字
char fname_E[MAX]; //存储加密后文件的名字
char cipher[100][65]; //存储加密后的密文
FILE* fp_p; //指向存储需要加密文件
FILE* fp_e; //指向加密后文件
int ch;
cout << "请输入要加密文件的名字(用绝对路径且路径名不包含空格):" << endl;
cin >> fname_P;
cout << "请输入加密后文件的名字(用绝对路径且路径名不包含空格):" << endl;
cin >> fname_E;
//打开需要加密的文件
if ((fp_p = fopen(fname_P, "r")) == NULL) {
printf("打开文件失败!\n");
}
//打开加密后文件内容被存储的位置
if ((fp_e = fopen(fname_E, "w")) == NULL) {
printf("打开文件失败!\n");
}
while ((ch = fgetc(fp_p)) != EOF) {
wenString += ch;
}
for (i = 0; i < wenString.length(); i++)
{
temp += charToBinary(wenString[i]);
//字符每满8bit为一组,最后一组可以不满8bit,后面会补0
if (((i + 1) % 8 == 0) || (((i + 1) % 8 != 0) && (i == wenString.length() - 1)))
{
wenBinary[num++] = temp;
temp = "";
}
}
//最后一组不满64位就补零,补的零,一定是八的整数倍,二进制00000000为null空字符,不输出
while (wenBinary[num - 1].length() % 64 != 0)
{
wenBinary[num - 1] += '0';
}
temp = wen(wenBinary, num);
for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
//每64个字符放到一个数组中
temp.copy(cipher[i], 64, 64 * i);
//每个数组最后补全最后一位的'\0',以便写入文件
cipher[i][64] = '\0';
//写入文件
fputs(cipher[i], fp_e);
}
//关闭文件
fclose(fp_e);
fclose(fp_p);
break;
case 4:
wenString = "";
char fname_Cipher[MAX]; //存储需要解密文件的名字
char fname_P1[MAX]; //存储解密后文件的名字
char plaintext[1024];
cout << "请输入要解密文件的名字(用绝对路径且路径名不包含空格)" << endl;;
cin >> fname_Cipher;
cout << "请输入解密后文件的名字(用绝对路径且路径名不包含空格)" << endl;;
cin >> fname_P1;
FILE* fp_cipher; //指向需要解密的文件
FILE* fp_p1; //指向解密后的文件
//打开需要解密的文件
if ((fp_cipher = fopen(fname_Cipher, "r")) == NULL) {
printf("打开文件失败!\n");
}
//打开解密后文件内容被存储的位置
if ((fp_p1 = fopen(fname_P1, "w")) == NULL) {
printf("打开文件失败!\n");
}
while ((ch = fgetc(fp_cipher)) != EOF) {
wenString+= ch;
}
for (i = 0; i * 64 < wenString.length(); i++)
{
wenBinary[num++] = wenString.substr(i * 64, 64);
}
//将文件内容解密
temp = wen(wenBinary, num);
int n = temp.length();
//将解密后字符放在一个数组中
temp.copy(plaintext,n, 0);
//补全最后一位的'\0',以便写入文件
plaintext[n] = '\0';
fputs(plaintext, fp_p1);
//关闭文件
fclose(fp_cipher);
fclose(fp_p1);
}
}
return 0;
}
程序运行样例:
最后附上文中注释的链接(cin与getline的相爱相杀):
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38665104/article/details/82179096
关于char类型对于汉字字符处理的内容链接
https://www.cnblogs.com/noonjuan/p/12319727.html